高中英语语法-冠词讲解及练习

1、冠词用法一.不定冠词的用法1. 表泛指，表首次提到的、不限定的人或物。Thereisabookonthedesk.2. a/an+单数n.表类别，指一类人或事物。Ahorseisausefulanimal.3. 表one,acertain,every,thesameI'llreturninadayortwo.AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theyarenearlyofanage.4. 用在抽象名词前，a+抽象名词，即抽象名词具体化。如:Thislitt

2、legirlisajoytoherparents.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.asurprise/success/failure5. 与物质名词连用，表示一种，一阵、一份Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!6. 在同位语中，常用a/an+n.(one)MikeandLucy,anewlymarriedcouple,hadahappyhoneymooninParis.7. 用在某些固定词组中.afterawhile过了一会儿a

3、samatteroffact事实上inaway在某种程度上allofasudden突然asawhole大体上inaword总而言之asarule通常ataloss不知所措putanendtoasaresult结果，inahurry急忙结束cometoanend因此结束感冒cometoaconclusion得出结论haveagoodtime玩得愉快havearest休息一下haveacoldhaveawordwith禾口谈一谈makealiving谋生makeafire生火makeafoolof愚弄takeawalkaknowledgeof,aunderstandingof,acollectio

4、nof8. 不定冠词的特殊位置1) as/so/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+单数n.Soshortatime.Toolongadistanee.2) what/such/half+a/an+单数n.Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.二.定冠词的用法1. 表特指的人或物Lookattheblackboard.Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.2. the+单数n.表类别Thehorseisausefulanimal.3. 表世界上独一无二的事物，但若此类名词前有修饰成分，也可用a/anthesun

5、,theearth,themoon,thesky,theuniverseafullmoonbut:innature,inspace,insociety,inhistory4. 用在普通名词构成的专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。theUnitedStates,theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,theRockyMountains,5. 用在序数词、形容词最高级、only,very,same前。thesecondstory,thelargestroom,thethirdIongestriver但：1)a/an+序数词表又一，再一”；the+序数词表排序第一，第

6、二”Wouldyougivemeasecondchanee?2)amost+adj.最高级:very,themost+adj.最高级表最.”amostbeautifulpicture=averybeautifulpicture6. 用在方位名词前ontheleft,intheeast/west7. 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人，作主语谓语用复数。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded8. 表按计算”bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theday/theweek/ton但:bysizebytimebyweight9. 在姓氏复数形式前

7、，表示全家人或夫妇二人。TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable10. 西洋乐器名词前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?11. 在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.12. 年代，朝代前Inthe1870's/1870s,theTangDynasty13. 动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.onthehead1

8、4. the+比较级表两者中较的”，a+比较级表一个更.的”Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.Idon'tlikethebike.Iwantabetterone.15. 用在一些习惯用语中。如：allthesame仍然allthetime一直alltheyearround年至U头attheageof在岁时atthebeginningof起初;开始attheendof在的尽头/末尾16. 定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在exactly,just,all,both,double,half,twice等词之后，名词之前。Allthestudentsinth

9、eclasswentout.班里的所有学生都出去了三.不用冠词的情况(零冠词)1. 专有名词前China,America,John,2. 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时Thisbookismine.3. 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDaybut:inthespringofthatyear,ImethimonaMondaylastmonth.Wehadawonderfulsupper.4. 称呼语，表示头衔的名词作表语、补足语及同位语时What&#

10、39;sthis,Mother?Hewasmademonitor.GeorgeW.BushispresidentoftheUSA.5. 学科名词，球类、棋类名词前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6. 不可数名词、复数名词表泛指前Waterisveryimportant.Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife.7. 在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar（bus,train,water,air,land）8. 某些固定词组中dayandnight,brotherandsister,houraf

11、terhour,hereandthere9. as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.10. 系动词turn（作变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter11. no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage12. man"人类"nature"自然"前不用冠词。1

12、3. 常见纯不可数名词，不与a/an连用。fun,weather,advice,progress,baggage,luggage,furniture,equipment,space,health,wealth,word=news,information,Iuck注意：有无冠词的区别attable在进餐atthetable在桌子旁边atdesk在读书atthedesk在课桌旁atschool在上学attheschool在学校里inclass在上课intheclass在班级里面inbed卧床inthebed在床上inprison坐牢intheprison（因事）在监狱inhospital住院int

13、hehospital（因事）在医院gotoschool去上学gototheschool（因事）去学校gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed在床上gotohospital去看病gotothehospital去医院takeplace发生taketheplace代替inplaceof代替intheplaceof在的地方incaseof万一inthecaseof就.来说outofquestion毫无疑冋outofthequestion完全不可能1. Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchaneeinthelongjump.A.the;theB.不填

14、;aC.the;aD.a;不填2. Carlisstudyingfoodscieneeatcollegeandhopestoopenupmeatprocessingfactoryofhisownoneday.A./;aB./;theC.the;aD.the;the3. SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotakeplaceofGeorge.A./,/B.the,/Cthe;theD./,the4. Sarahlookedatfinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction.A.不填；aB.a;theC.th

15、e;不填D.the;a5. Beingabletoafforddrinkwouldbecomfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填；a6. TheSmithsdon'tusuallylikestaatnghotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbysea.A./;aB.the;theC./;theD.the;a7.1wokeupwithbadheadache,yetbyeveningthepainhadgone.A.the;theB.the;anC.a;theD.a;

16、an8. WearesaidtobelivinginInformationAge,timeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.A.an;theB.不填;theC.不填；aD.the;a9. Thedevelopmentofindustryhasbeengradualprocessthroughouthumanexistenee,fromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.A.不填；theB.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a10. The“ChinesQream”isdreamtoimprovepeople'well-beinganddr

17、eamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.A.the;aB.a;aC.a;theD.the;the11. Animalsareobviouslylowerformoflifethanman.A.a;/B.the;theC.a;theD./;/12. Itwascoldwinternightandthemoonwasshiningbrightlyacrossnightsky.A.不填；aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;不填13. MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedonPacificOceanonhiswaytoJavainthirteenthc

18、entury.A.the;aB.a;/C./;theD.the;the14. Indiaattainedindependencein1947,afterlongstruggle.A.不填;aB.the;aC.an;不填D.an;the15. Peopledevelopprefereneeforaparticularstyleoflearningatearlyageandthesepreferencesaffectlearning.A.a;anB.a;不填C.不填;theD.the;an16. Theparentswereshockedbynewsthattheirsonneededoperationonhisknee.A.a;/B.the;/C.the;anD.a;an17. F