自考-国际商务英语(复习资料)

1、BusinessKnowledge:InternationalBusinessEnglishLesson1InternationalBusin/商务6. Portfolioinvestment券投资：Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthcontrolling.7. Stocks股票：Capitalstocksorbonds8. Bonds债券：ThepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemonThemajordifferencesbetweeninterna

2、tionalbusinessanddomesticbusinessA.B.C.D.Differencesinlegalsystems体系Differencesincurren货币DifferencesinculturalbackgroundDifferentinnaturalandeconomicconditions9.10.11.ThemajortypesofinternationalbusinessA.Trade12.B.C.Commoditytrade商品贸易b.Servicetradea.Investment13.a.Foreigndirectinvestmentb.Portfolio

3、investment券投资OthertypesLicensingandfranchising经营和特许经营14.15.16.a.17.b.Managementcontractandcontractmanufact管理合同和承包生产TurnkeyprojectandBOTTradeTerms：Customsarea关税区：Conversion货币兑换Visibletrade有形贸易:Theformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoods18.c..1.lentorinvestedtogetherwithinte

4、rest.Maturity（票据等）到期Certificateofdep大sit存单Licensing许可经营：Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualproperlinanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheform许可费|）altyFranchising特许经营:Underfranchisingf,ranchiseeisallowedtoope

5、rateinthenameofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandopertechniquesforroyalty.TradeMark商标Patenl专利Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税Copyright版权License许可方Licensee被许可方Franchiser特许方：Afirmwhoprovidesandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.Franchisee被特许方：AfirmisallowedManagementcontract管理合同：Un

6、derthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logostooperateinthenameofanother.amanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflaproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.（includionrgacapsehrcentageoftherelevantbusiness

7、volume.transaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade）22.Valuechai价值链Invisibletrade无形贸易：Theformoftransportatiangmmunication,banking,insurance,23.Turnkeyproject交钥匙”工程：Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontrconsulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.withaforeign

8、purchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractinagndfaciliteyquippingFDI外国直接投资:Foreigndirectinvestments.Returnsthroughcontrollingtheenterpribsefsoroerhandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.assetsinvestedinahostcouPn.t2r5y6.O/necountryacquiresassetsinaforeigncountry24f.oBrOT建设、经营和移交：Build,Operate,Tra

9、nsferthepurposeofcontrollingandmanagingthem25.Expertis专门矢识265.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴4.Pleaseelaborate详细说明)onthetwocategories种类)ofinternationalinvestment.Royalty许可使用费Whatistheirmajordifference?InternationalinvestmeHt际投资：SupplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountrytoaAothFD.I(Foreigndire

10、ctinvestment)ismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesContractmanufacturing生产investedininahostcountry.GATT关贸总协定:GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade/外国直接投资：通过控制其它投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报。Internationalbusiness国际商务:Transactiorbetweenpartiesfromdifferentountries.Portfolionvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignf

11、inanciaeLssetsforapurposeotherthanSometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountcroyntirsolalisnog.Suchfinancialassetsmaybestocks,bondsorcertificatesofdeposit.regardedasimportandexport./证券投资：不以控制为目的而购买外国的金融资产，如：股票、债券和定期存款单。Intellectualprop知识产权5.WhatislicensingWhydofirmssometi

12、meschooseitasameansofenteringaforeignOildeposit：油储备=oilreservesmarket?thereservesofnaturalres自然c资源储备A：Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanotlPersonaladvancemen个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。/国际许可即：一家公司允许国外的公司使用它的知识产权。(1)(2)(3)(4)2.6.Whatisfranchising?Howisitdifferentfromli

13、censing?A:Underfranchisingf,ranchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,franchisewrhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty/在特许经营情况下，特许使用方以特许授予方的名义开展业务，后者向前者提供商标、品is牌ec公司经营技巧等而获取特许使用费。Incomparisonwiththerelatiobnetweenthelicenserandthelicenseet,hefranchise

14、hrasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.A:Visibletradeistheformofcommoditytrade.Theformoftransportatiocno,mmunication,banking,insurancec,onsultingi,nformationetc.iscalledinvisiblteradeorserviceindustriesT.helaterisbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Answerthefollowingquestions：Theychooselic

15、ensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,an1.Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninterimtionalceiveincomeintheformof可直接y攵取知识产权费，不必现金开办新业务businessanddomesticbusiness.Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobA:Internat

16、ionalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountriiss.oWSoeneslimesormanagemen享有当地经营优势，而在所有权和经营上不承担义务businessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardTehdeausseimopforlticensingisparticularlyencouragedbyhighcustomsdutyandnon-tariffbarrandexport.thepartoftheh

17、ostco当东道国的关税高或非关税壁垒多时，国际许可经营更受欢迎。Somemajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusinessisfollowing:DifferencesinlegalsystemsDifferencesincurrenciesDifferencesinculturalbackgroundDifferentinnaturalandeconomicconditionsPleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichm

18、oreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?7. Whatisamanagementcontract?Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?A：Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecialiZidservices3.CanyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiieS其

19、?它专门服务)toanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentage，A:Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavilieveLticbusinessvolume(相关业务总价值的百分比).Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstobeofstrategicimportancebutlackstphreodeuxcpedr

20、toirsemafnourfacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.operation,managementcontractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanytooperateintheindustrywithoutowningtheassets.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。Besidestradeandinvestment,internationallicensingandfranchisingaresometimestakena

21、s8. Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentofreonmteringaforeignmarket.it?Lesson2A:Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithafO外国买n方)rchaserIncomeLevelandtheWorldMarket收入水平和世界市场andundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacil(l装配1设备|p)in直eforehandingitBus

22、inessKnowledge:overtothelatteruponcompletion.ForaBOTproject,afirmoperatesafacilityfor(a1)peGrNiPodanodfGtDiPmeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.Makingprofi(t2)frPoemrocpaepriatainigncomeandpercapitaGDPtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeypr

23、(o3j)ecHtigh-income,middleincomeandlow-incomecountriesA.StandardsforclassificationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:BRepresentativecountries1. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂(4)TriadandQuad得多。A.UnitedStatesInternationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesformdifferentcountriesI

24、tBnvcWvelbeinorieurope西欧factorsandthusismorecomplicatedthedomesticbusiness.C.JapanDCanada2随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此(5)OtherimportantmarketsforChina方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizatiofne,wpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayTradeTerms:awayfrominte

25、rnationalbusinessTherefore,someknowledgeinthisrespectisnecessa1rythebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement3其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。2Otherformsforparticipatinigninternationablusinessaremanagementcontract,contractmanufacturingandturnkeyproject34国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行4消费或转售。

26、5Internationbaulsinessfirstooktheformofcommoditytrade,ieexportingandimportinggoodsbGNPf®民生产总值：GrossnationalProductThemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy/一个经济体凭借其居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。GDP国内生产总值:GrossDomesticProductThemarketvalueofallgoodsand

27、servicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy/一个经济体地理区域内所生产的所有实物产品和服务的价值。Nationalincon®民收入Percapitainco人均收入PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值：ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulawhichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.3.PPP购买力平价:PurchasingpowerparityConsumerism消费主义Incomed

28、istributi（收入分布：Theproportions比例）ofitsrich,middleincomeandpeople.Infrastructir础设施Staplegood大路货Invoice（开）发票Creditorcount债权国OECD经合组织，经济合作与开发组织:OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.TheCommonwealthofIndependentStat独联体，独立国家联合体ASEAN东盟，东南亚国家联盟:AssociationofSoutheastAsianNationals.NIEs（亚洲四小虎）:New

29、lyIndustrializedEconomiesFactorsofproduct生产要素7.A:High-incomecountriest:hoseenjoyingannualpercapitaincomeof$9386andabove.Inthisgroupcomprisethreetypesofcountries;mostmembersofOECD,richoilproducingcountriespooMriddleEast,small-industrializedcountriesorregions./包括经合组织的大多数成员国、中东石油生产国、工业发达的小国和地

30、区。Middle-incomecountriest:hosewithannualpercapitaincomebelow$9386butabove$765.IncludedinthiscategoryismostEastEuropeancountriesandmostmembersoftheCommonweaofIndependentStates,sixOECDmembers,quiteanumberofLatinAmericancountriesandsomecomparativelydevelopedcountriesinAsia,SouthAfricaandoil-producingco

31、untriesinAfric/东欧的大多数国家、大多数独联体国家、经合组织的留个成员国、相当数量的拉美国家。Low-incomecountriest:hosethathavepercapitaincomesofonly$765orevenless.MostAfricancountriess,omeAsiancountriesandafewLatinAmericancountriesareincludedinthisgroup.4.Whyarehigh-incomecountriesimportanttotradeandinvestment?Shouldweneglectlow-incomeco

32、untriesininternationalbusiness?Answerthefollowingquestions:1. ExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelayndpointouttheirmajordifference.Canweusetheminterchangeably?A:High-incomecountriesoftenhavegoodinfrast基UCt设施）,highpurchasingpower,andadvancedtechnology,efficientmanagem有n效管理）andfavorableenvironment

33、fortradeandinvestment.A:GNP（GrossnationalProduct）referstothemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedTbhyeythofeferprimemarketsforexpensiveconsumergoodsandarebothattractivseourcesandpropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.GDP（GrossDomesticProduct）deatjiuretiionsofinvestm是¥高档消费品的主要市场，在吸引外资/对外

34、投资都处于有利地位。themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconIonmyi.ntTehrenationaltradethelow-incomecountriesshouldnotbeneglected,becausetheycondifferencebetweenthemisthatGNPfocusesonownershipofthefactorsofproductionmOiiketGDPorlower-pricedstaple价o格銀的大宗商品），providecheaplaboran

35、dareoftenrichconcentratesontheplacewhereproductiontakesplace.ThedifferencebetweenGNPandinGDrPescoaunrces.Oncetapped,thebusinesspotentiaolfthesecountrieswillonedaybecomerealbeignoredsinceitverysmallinmostcases.Therefore,wecanusetheminterchangeabbysinessopportunitie一经开发，商业潜力有一天会成为实际的商业机会2. Inwhatdiffe

36、rentwaysareGDPandpercapitaincomesignificantinassessingthepotentialofaparticularmarket?5.WasChinaalow-incomecountryafewyearsago?Howaboutnow?A:TotalGDPindicatestheoverallsizeofaneconomy,whichisimportantinmarketassAe:ssCmheintawfiotrhapercapitaincomeofover$1100isamiddle-incomecountrythoughitwasadurable

37、equipmentorbulkgoods（grain,steelorcement）.PercapitaGDPrevealsthealvoewr-aignecoimnecocmoeuntryjustafewyearsago.levelofconsumers,whichisimportantwhenmarketingconsumerdurables.A:ThetermTriadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworld;theUnitedStates,theE3. Whataremeantbyhighincome,middleincome,andlow-inc

38、omecountriesaccordingto6t!hatdoestheter“riad”refersto三方组合）？WhatismeantbyQuad（四方组合）WorldBank?Citesomeexamplesforeachgroup.UnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusinessopportunities.ThescopeofTri4d申国现现在年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。CanadaandnamethebroadenedgroupingQuad.Chinawithapercapitaincomeofover$

39、1100isamiddle-incomecountrythoughitwasalow-incomecountryjustafewyearsago.7. HowmuchdoyouknowaboutOECD?Pleasemakeabriefaccount.A:OECDmeansOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.Theorganizatioins5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，included29members,23ofthemarehigh-incomecountriesand6are

40、middle-incomecoun这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。headquartersisinParis.AsfarasChinaisconcerned,othermarketsweshouldpayparticularattentiontoarethosetheFourTigers,theASEANcountriesR,ussia,etc.Thesecountrieswithverypromisingmarket8.WhatisthebestpolicyforChinatodevelopbusinessopportunities?potentialandcano

41、ffergoodbusinessopportunitiestoChina.Lesson3RegionalEconomicIntegration地/区经济一体化A:SofarasChinaisconcerned,othermarketsweshouldpayparticularattentiontoarethosearoundus(应特别关注的其它市场还有周边地区，如)：theFourTigers(亚洲四小虎)，theASEANcountries,Russia,IndiaandabitfartherawayAustralia.Thesecountriesorregionseitherhaveri

42、chconsumersandoffergoodbusinessopportunitiesoraredevelopingfastwithverypromiBsuisnignemsasrkKentowledge：potentialAndtheirgeographicalproX地理上接近)toChinaisagreatadvantageforus(ihMajorobjectivesofregionalintegration*(2)ForlevelsofregionaleconomicintegrationAFreetradeareaBCustomsunionCCommonmarketDEconom

43、icuniondevelopingbusinessrelationswiththem.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:1民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。GNPandGDParetwoimportantconceptsusedtoindicatea'sctooutnatlryincomeThedifference(3)EuropeanUnion(EU)betweenthemisthattheforfmoecrusesonownershipofthefa

44、ctorsofproductionwhilethe(4l)atAtseira-PacificEconomicCooperation(APEC)concentratesonthecountrywhereproductiontakesplace(5)OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries(OPEC)2要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。TradeTerms：Inassessingthepotentialofacountryasamarket,peopleoftenlookatpercapitaincom

45、EcoiMiecitntegrati经济一体化providescluesaboutthepurchasingpowerofitsresidents3世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。CountriesoftheworldaredividedbytheWorldBankintothreecategoriesofhigh-income,middle-incomeandlow-incomeeconomies2. Freetradeare自由贸易区：Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestillado

46、ptseachownexternal自由贸易区扫除了成员间商品、服务自由流动的障碍。3. Customsunion关税同盟：Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpo除c消除成员间的贸易壁垒外，所有成员对外实行相同的贸易政策。4. Tariffra关税税率5. SettlementNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement34.Territoryeconomi区s域经济体共同市场：Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsoto3

47、facPacificRi环太平洋圈36.InformalMeetingofEconomicLeader导人非正式会议Answerthefollowingquestions:1.Whatisafreetradearea?Makeabriefaccountofthemostnotablefreetradeareaintworld.A：Freetradeareaistheloosestformintheregionaleconob经济一体化a程度最低)Membersinthisformremovesbarrierstotheflowofgoodsandservicesamongthemselvesw

48、hDual-MinisterialMeet双部长会议QuotaRestrictio配额限制expenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.EU欧盟，欧洲联盟：EuropeanUnionEC欧共体，欧洲共同体：EuropeanCommunityBenelux荷比卢(比利时、荷兰和卢森堡三国)：Belgium,Netherlands,LuxemburgMercosur南方共同市场:SouthernConeCustomsUnionECSC欧洲煤钢共同体：EuropeanCoalandSteelCommunityEEC欧洲经济共同体：European

49、EconomicCommunityEURATOM欧洲原子能共同体，欧洲原子能联营：EuropeanAtomicEnergyCommunitySOM高官会议：SeniorOfficialsMeetingTILF贸易投资便利化自由化：TradeandinvestmentliberationandfacilitationECOTECH经济技术合作：EconomicandtechnicalcooperationPoliticalentity实体Sovereignsta主权国家Multi-polarizations化Sub-committee分委员会NTA新跨大西洋议程：NewTransatlantic

50、AgendaTABD跨大西洋商业对话：TransatlanticBusinessDialogueTACD跨大西洋消费者对话：TransatlanticConsumerDialogue.1.32.33.NAFTA北美自由贸易协定:Commonmarketofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.Banknotescirculat货币流通Carte卡塔尔APEC亚太经合组织，亚洲太平洋经济合作组织:AsiaPacif

51、icEconomicCooperationOPEC石油输出国组织:OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountriesEuropeanCommission欧盟委员会Councilofminist部r理事会eachmemberstilladoptsitsownpolicyasregardstotradewithoutsiders.ThemostnotabletheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA),thelargestfreemarketformedbytheUniteEconomicUnion(EU)经济同盟:Themem

52、bersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsSotattoes,CanadaandMexicoin1991withover360millionconsumersandtotalGDPofmorethanfactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxationt,riglolvieornmUeSntdollars.2. Inwhatwayisacustomsuniondifferentfromafreetradearea?A：TheCustomsUniongoesastepfur

53、therbyadoptingthesametradepolicyforallthemembtowardcountriesoutsidetheirorganizationinadditiontoabolishingtradebarriersamongtImportsfromothercountriesaresubjecttothesametariff.3. Whatarethecharacteristicosfacommonmarket?Whichorganizationremainedacommonmarketforsomeyearsinthepast?A：Thecommonmarketisf

54、urtherupthescaleofregionaleconomicintegrationB.esidesfreemovementofgoodsandservicesandadoptionofcommonexternaltradepolicy,factorsofproductionsuchaslabor,capitalandtechnologyarefreetomoveamongmemberssothattheybeutilizedinamoreefficientandproductiveway.Inthepast,theEuropeanCommunityremacommonmarketfor

55、someyears.4. Howmuchdoyouknowaboutaneconomicunion?Canmembersofaneconomicunionkeepalloftheirnationalsovereignty?A：Theeconomicunionisthehighestformofeconomicintegrationw,hichischaracterizebdyintegrationofthedomesticpoliciesofitsmembersi©在es方面)odfconomy,financeetcinadditiontoabsenceoftradebarriers

56、p,racticeofcommonexternalpolicyandfreeproductionfactormobility.ThemembersofanEconomicUnionarerequirednotonlyto唱保持一Ze)theirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypolicies,etc.,butalsousethesamecurrency.Thememberarerequiredtosurrendersomeoftheirnationalsovereigntyw,hichiserodingthetraditioonftheworldp

57、oliticaslystembasedontheautonomyandsupremepowerofsovereignstates.5. Makeabriefaccountoftheoriginanddevelopmentof(tEhueroEpUeanUnion).A:Thefirstcommunity,theEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC)wasestablishedwhichsetthestageformoreambitiousintegrationefforts.b. Dual-MinisterialMeetingc. MinistersResponsibleforTraded. TheSeniorOfficialsMeeting(SOM)e. SubordinatecommitteesunderSOM:CommitteeofTradeandInvestment,EconomicCommittee,EconomicandTechnicalCooperationSub-committeeofSOMandBudgetManagementCo