董亚芬大学英语精读(第三版)第1册教案Unit2解析

1、Unit2SailingRoundtheWorld.Lead-inManypeoplehavetravelledroundtheworld,butnooneelsehasdoneitthewaySirFrancisChichesterdid.ABritishadventurer,hetravelledroundtheworldaloneinasmallyachtcalled“GipsyMothWinspiteofthefactthathehadlungcancer.Thistexttellsusbrieflywhathappenedtohimonhisvoyage,oneofthegreate

2、stseafaringexploitsofalltime.II.Newwords1. single-handed:adj.&adv.（done）byonepersonaloneExample:Maryaccomplishedthetaskbyhersingle-handedefforts.Thejobcannotbedonesingle-handed.这个工作无法由一个人独自完成。这是一种以形容词或形容词短语用作状语的语法现象，其作用类似非限定性定语从句，表示某种增补的意义。它们通常用来说明主语的状况，例如：Themanopenedtheletter,nervous.Thesunrisesin

3、theeast,red.Thesoldierfelldown,dead.但它们也可用来说明宾语的状况，如HewriteshischaracterslargeWedrinkithot.Shepushedthedooropen.2. solo:single-handedchorus:合唱助记solesoloLoveisachordinlife,notasolo.（Beethoven）爱是人生的和弦，而不是孤单的独奏曲。（贝多芬）3. lung:n.Example:Smokingcancauselungcancer.Atthetopofoneslungs用最大声音Collection:heart（心

4、）liver（肝）kidney（肾）spleen（脾）stomach（胃）4. determined:adj.withonesmindfirmlymadeupbedeterminedtodo/aboutdoingsth:haveastrongwillto（do）Example:Heisdeterminedaboutgivingupsmoking.ColumbuswasdeterminedtoprovethatIndiacouldbereachedbysailingwest.bedeterminedtodosth.&makeuponesmindtodosth.bedeterminedtodost

5、h.侧重某人的决心。makeuponesmindtodosth.则强调某人打定主意，不再动摇。Example:Atlastwemadeupourmindstotellherthetruth.determine;decideDetermine决心大，意志坚决，任何时候都不动摇。Example:Mr.Blackdeterminedtomaintainhispositionatallcosts.Decide表示经过考虑在几种可能中做出选择的决定。Example:HedecidedtogoonMondayinsteadofTuesday.5retire:vi.【re-(back)+tire(累)：(累

6、回)家中】stopworkingatonesjob.1) giveuponesjobbecauseofoldageExample:Hethinksitluckytoretireatfullsalary.虽然已近65岁，马莉还不想退休。2) goaway;withdrawExample:Thesoldiershadretired25milesfromthefrontier.3) gotobedExample:Ihaveahabitofretiringearlyandgettingupearly.6voyage:n.alongjourney(bysea,bylandorthroughoutersp

7、ace)Example:ThesailorwillmakeavoyagetoAustrilia.vi.goona(sea)journey;sailExample:SirFrancesDrakewasthefirstmanwhovoyagedaroundtheworld.voyage,journey,travel&trip voyage在现代英语中通常指较长距离的水上航行，但也可指空中航行。Example:Inthosedays,thevoyagetoAustraliawaslonganddangerous. journey是比较正式的用语，通常指陆地上的远行，没有回到原出发地的含义。Examp

8、le:AtfirstIwasafraidthelongjourneywouldbetoomuchforher.起初我担心她受不了长距离的旅行。 travel的单数形式泛指旅行这一行为或过程，而要表示某次具体的旅行时，通常用复数，而且通常指到远方作长时间的旅行。Example:Herinterestsarepolitics,music,andtravel. trip通常指较短距离的旅行，但在较通俗、随便的用法中可代替journey。Example:DidyouenjoyyourtriptoShanghai?Collection:Maidenvoyage处女航，首航Arduousvoyage艰难航

9、行Goon/make/takeavoyageto去的旅行Beonavoyage在旅途中7. crew:n.groupofpeoplewhoworktogetheronashiporairplaneCollection:personnel全体人员，用做复数crew（全体船员）/staff（全体职员）/faculty（全体教员）用做单数或复数类同family,当作一个整体看用单数，当作各成员看用复数Example:Theplanehadacrewof25.那班飞机有25名机务人员。Thecrewwerebusypreparing.机务人员正忙着准备呢。8. steer:vt.make（aboato

10、rroadvehicle）goinaparticulardirectionExample:Hesteeredtheshipcarefullybetweentherocks.他小心的在礁石间驾驶船只。steerclearof绕开,避开Example:Thespeechsteeredclearofcontroversialissues.演说回避了有争议的问题。drive/steerWhenyouareincontrolofacar，youdriveit.Whenyoudirectitscourse，yousteerit.Shegotintoacaranddrovehome.Shesteeredth

11、ecarcarefullythroughthenarrowgap.英语中“方向盘的说法是“steerwheel,而不是“drivingwheel9. gale:verystrongwindCollection:breeze（微风）gale（强风）storm（暴风）gust（阵风）hurricane（飓风）typhoon（台风）10. cover:vt.1）passoverortravel（acertaindistance）Example:Theywerehopingtocover40milesyesterday.2）placeorspreadsth.upon，over，orinfrontof（

12、sth.）Example:Thefloodscoveredthousandsoftowns.3）hide;protectExample:Helaughedloudlytocoverhisfear.11. previously:adv.beforethepresenttimeorthetimereferredtoExample:Ihadpostedthelettertwomonthspreviously.两个月前，我就把信寄出了。12. dissuade:【dis-（否定）+suade（劝说）；劝说不要去做f】preventsbfromdoingsth对比：persuadev.persuasio

13、nn.persuasiveadj.per-:thoroughlydissuadev.dissuasionn.dissuasiveadj.dis-:notTomtriedtodissuademefromjoiningtheclub.Tomtriedtodissuademeoutofjoiningtheclub.13. fortunately:adv.luckilyExample:Fortunately,therewasnooneintheofficewhenthefirestarted.14. contact：vt.getintouchwithExample:Doyouoftencontacty

14、ourformerclassmates?n.stateoftouchingorcommunicationExample:Afterheenteredtheuniversity,hecameintocontactwithmanynewideas.Collection:Comeintocontactwith接触到Make/establishcontactwith与取得联系Beoutof/breakoff/losecontactwith与失去联系Be/get/stayincontactwith与保持联系15. nearby：adv.closebyExample:Inoticedapolicemans

15、tandingnearby.adj.near;withinashortdistanceExample:Westoppedatsomenearbyshopstobuysomefood.16. drag/draw/pullDrag拖得重，动作慢Draw动作从容Pull指一时或突然的动作。17. knightn.男女公爵dukeduchess侯爵marquessmarchioness伯爵earlcountess子爵viscountviscountess男爵baronbaroness18. accomplish:vt.Allmotivationisself-motivation.Yourfamily,

16、yourbossoryourcoworkerscantrytogetyourenginegoing,butuntilyoudecidewhattoaccomplish,nothingwillhappen.所有的激励都是自励。家人，老板，同时可以尽量让你的引擎转动，但除非你自己决定要完成些什么，否则也不会发生。accomplish/complete/achieve accomplishmeanssucceedindoingsomethingdifficult.Example:Thinkofallthethingsyouhaveaccomplishedalready! completemeansf

17、inishdoingormakesomething.Example:Ittookayeartocompletethebuildingwork. achievemeanssucceedindoingsthgoodorgettingtheresultyouwanted,aftertryinghardforalongtime.Example:BritainhasachievedthehighestrateofeconomicgrowthinEuropethisyear.Collection:Accomplishamission完成一次使命Accomplishatask完成一项任务Accomplish

18、onesgoal/purpose实现目标Accomplishonesplan实现计划Accomplishonespromise实现诺言19. conquer：v.Example:Humancanconquernature.conquer/overcome conquer多支借助无力或战争击败其他事物，使之处于控制之中。Example:TheNormansconqueredEnglandin1066. overcome强调经过艰苦的斗争，排除障碍而取得的胜利。多用于克服精神方面的东西Example:Heovercameastrongtemptationtorunaway.他顶住了要逃跑的强烈诱惑

19、。20. setoff:1) beginajourney;startExample:Illsetoffearlytoavoidthetraffic.2) cause(sth.)toexplodeExample:ItsthecustomforChinesepeopletosetofffireworksduringtheSpringFestival.Collection:Setoffforholidays出发去度假Setoffforaplace动身去某地21. allbyoneself:completelyalone;withoutanyhelpExample:Youcantgohomeallby

20、yourselfinthedark.22.inspiteof:regardlessofExample:Jackwenttoschoolinspiteoftheheavysnow.inspiteof和despite两者意义相同，后面均跟名词，可以互换。但是，despite本身是介词,不能与of连用。inspiteof/regardlessof inspiteof=despiteExample:Theplanetookoffinspiteofthebadweather.(althoughtheweatherwasbad) regardlessof=withoutconsideringortakin

21、gnoticeofExample:Theplanewilltakeoff,regardlessoftheweather.(nomatterwhethertheweatherisgoodorbad)23. giveup:stopdoingorhaving(something);1) givesomeoneelsepossessionofsomethingyouhaveExample:Anoldmangaveuphisseatonthebustoaladywithababy2) abandonhopeforsth.ortheattempttodosth.Example:Theboygaveupan

22、sweringthequestionbecauseitistoodifficult.3) allowyourselforsomeoneelsetobecaughtbythepoliceorenemysoldiersExample:Thecriminalwenttothepolicestationtogivehimselfup.4) devoteonestime,life,etc.toExample:DuringWorldWarIImillionsofsoldiersgaveuptheirlives.24. byfar:byalargedegreeoramount得多;最Example:Celi

23、neDionisbyfarthebestsingerIknow.byfar和sofar是两个比较容易混淆的词组。byfar有“得多；最；显然的意思,用于修饰比较级和最高级形式的形容词和副词，强调数量、程度等。Example:Theweatherhasbeenhotsofarthissummer.4.25. turnover1)(causeto)fallover;upsetExample:Thecarturnedoverthreetimesafterthecrash.2)givethecontrolofsth.tosb.Example:Sheturnedovertheworktoherassis

24、tantandhadatalkwithus.3) thinkoverExample:Iturnedtheideaover(inmymind)foraweekbeforereplying.26.canthelpdoingsth.:cannotavoiddoingsth.Example:IcouldnthelplaughingwhenIsawhisnewhaircut.canthelpdoingsth.和cannothelpbutdosth.是两个比较容易混淆的词组。canthelpdoingsth.意为禁不住、情不自禁，而cannothelpbutdosth.则有不得不做之意。Example:I

25、cannothelpbutbesorry.我不能不感到遗憾。皿.BackgroundInformationl.SirFrancisChichester(19011972)EnglishaviatorandadventurerAchievements:Asayoungman,hewenttoNewZealandtoworkasaminer,salesmanandlandagent.In1929,hemadeasoloflighttoAustraliainabiplane.In1931,hemadethefirsteastwardflightacrossTasmanSeafromNewZealan

26、dtoAustralia.In1960,hewonthefirstsolotransatlanticoceanracesailingfromPlymouth,EnglandtoNewYorkCityin40days.In1966-1967,hesailedaroundtheworldaloneina55-footsailingyacht,thelongestpassagemadebyasmallsailingvesselwithoutaportofcall.In1967,hewasknightedbyQueenElizabethII.2. Columbus(1451-1506)Italiane

27、xplorerIn1492,EuropeanexplorerChristopherColumbussailedwestacrosstheAtlanticOceanhopingtoreachAsia.Instead,hereachedlandsthatwereunknowntoEuropeans.ThoselandswerelaternamedtheAmericas.AfterColumbus,manyEuropeansbegantosettletheAmericas.3. Magellan,Ferdinand(1480-1521)PortuguesenavigatorWhiletryingto

28、findawesternroutetotheMoluccas(1519),Magellanandhisexpeditionwereblownbystormsintothestraitthatnowbearshisname(1520).HenamedandsailedacrossthePacificOcean,reachingtheMarianasandthePhilippines(1521),wherehewaskilledfightingforafriendlynativeking.OneofhisshipsreturnedtoSpain(1522),therebycompletingthe

29、firstcircumnavigationoftheglobe.4. ZhengHeorChengHo(1371-1433)Chineseadmiral,explorer,anddiplomatZhengHeextendedChinesemaritimeandcommercialinfluenceintheregionsborderingtheIndianOcean.Hissevenvoyages,whichsurpassedallpreviousnavalexpeditionsintheworld,openedtradeanddiplomatictiesforChinawithatleast

30、35countriesandencouragedtheemigrationthatwasthebasisofChinesecolonizationinSoutheastAsia.5. SirFrancisDrake(1543-1596)EnglishnavigatorandexplorerFrancisDrakewasthefirstEnglishmantosailroundtheworld.AfterseveralslavetradingexpeditionstoWestAfricaandtheSpainMain(1566-1573),hesailedroundtheglobe(1577-1

31、580).HemanagedtorestricttheSpanishArmada(西班牙无敌舰队)byraidingCadiz(加地斯)(1587),andhelpedtodefeat(1588)theSpanishattempttoinvadeEngland.6. ElizabethII(1926-)一QueenofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandElizabethIIwastheelderdaughterandsuccessorofGeorgeVI.Atage18shewasmadeaStateCounselor(顾问).OnNov.20,1947,shemar

32、riedPhilipMountbatten,duke(公爵)ofEdinburgh.TheywereinKenyawhenthekingdied(Feb.6,1952)andElizabethsucceededtothethrone(王座).Hercoronation(加冕礼),onJune2,1953,wasthefirsttobetelevised.7. ElizabethI(1533-1603)一QueenofEnglandElizabethIwasthequeenofEngland(1558-1603),daughterofHenryVIIIandAnneBoleyn.Shewason

33、eofthemostpowerfulrulersintheEnglishhistory.Thetimewhenshereigned(在位)iscalledtheElizabethanAge,anditwasalongperiodof45years,whenEnglandbecameveryrichandpowerful.Abroad,itwasanageofmaritimeexpansion(海上扩张)undersuchadventurersasJohnHawkins,WalterRaleignandFrancisDrake.Inliterature,itwastheageofWilliamS

34、hakespeare,PhillipSidney,EdmundSpenserandChristopherMarlowe,andtherewasalsoafloweringofmusic,architectureandart.8. Knight,Knighthood&KnighthoodCeremonyKnightswerethehighestclassoffightingmeninEuropeduringtheMiddleAges.Therewereotherclassesoffightingmen,suchasthelowlyfootsoldiers.Butknights,whofought

35、onhorseback,werethearistocratsofthebattlefield.Thegreatheroesofthetime,bothinstoryandinfact,wereknights.Bytheyear1500thetimeoftheknightasfightingmanwasover.Hiredfootsoldiersreplacedthemountedknights.Butknighthooddidnotdieoutaltogether.TodayinGreatBritain,knighthoodisanhonoraryawardgiventooutstanding

36、peopleinrecognitionofsomeremarkableworktheyhavedone.Amanwiththerankofknightiscalled,Sir“(prefixedtohiswholenameorgivenname,butnothissurnamealone),andhiswife,Lady.AwomanwithsamerankiscalledDame.ThekingorQueentakestheswordofthepersonbeinghonoredorborrowsonefromsomeonepresentattheceremony.Thepersonabou

37、ttobeknightedkneelsononekneeandbowshisheadrespectfullyinfrontoftheKingorQueen.TheKingorQueentoucheswiththeswordfirsttheleftshoulderofthepersonbowingbeforehimorherthentherightshoulderandfinallythetopofthebowedhead.WhiledoingthistheKingorQueensaysWedubtheeSir.WWarm-upquestions1. Doyouloveadventures?Wh

38、yorwhynot?No,Idonnotloveadventuresatall,becauseIenjoythepeacefullife.Iliketostayathomeonweekendtoreadabookorlistentomusic.SometimesIgoonatripwithmyfriends,butIdonnothavethecouragetoadventure,Ithinkitistoodangerous.2Montesquieu,thefamousFrenchthinkerandphilosopher,oncesaid,“Itisalwaystheadventurerwho

39、accomplishgreatthings”Howdoyouunderstandthissayingofhis?Comparedtocommonpeople,theadventurehasthestrongwill,ability,enduranceandbravery.Thesecharactershelpthemconqueranydifficultiesinthecourseofadventureandgreatexplorations,evensomescientificones.Fromthispointofview,theadventurercanalwaysaccomplishg

40、reatthings.VLanguagepoints1. Hisfriendsanddoctorsdidnotthinkhecoulddoit,ashehadlungcancer.(L7-8)1) didnotthink的翻译要注意否定转移，即否定宾语从句的谓语部分，译为“认为他不能”，除此之外还有dontbelieve/expect/suppose.Example:IdontbelieveIknowhim.我想我不认识他。2) as此处引导原因状语从句，可以放在主句后，也可放在句首，用逗号将主句隔开。Example:Asitwasgettinglate,wetookthechildrenho

41、me.WechoseHelentoleadusasshesaidsheknewtheway.2. InAugust,1966,attheageofnearlysixth-five,anagewhenmanymenretire,hebeganthegreatestvoyageofhislife.(L9-10)1)主干：Hebeganthevoyage.anagewhenmanymenretire是attheageofnearlysixth-five的同位语，对其做进一步的补充说明。whenmanymenretire中的when引导定语从句，修饰age。Retire用现在时说明这是通常情况。3.

42、Thiswasmorethantwicethedistanceanyonehadpreviouslysailedalone.(L15-16)1) 在此句中anyonehadpreviouslysailedalone是定语从句，修饰thedistance.2) 倍数的表达法：主语+谓语+倍数+thesize/length/distanceof.Example:Thelakeistwicethewidthofthatlake.4. Everybodysaidthesamething:hehaddoneenough;hemustnotgoanyfurther.Buthedidnotlisten.(L

43、20-21)1)mustnot(mustnt):expressanobligationnottodosomethingExample:Youmustntmoveanyofthebooksonmydesk.mustnot(mustnt)和neednt是两个比较容易混淆的词组。mustnot/mustnt表达的是要求某人不要做某事，有“不可以”、“不准”之意。Neednt表达的是并不要求某人非得做某事，即donthaveto,有“不必之意。例如：Example:Middleschoolstudentsmustnotreadthisnovel.中学生不可以看这本小说。Youneedntcometom

44、orrowifyoudontwantto.如果不想来的话你明天不必来。5. Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart,duringwhichhesailedroundthetreacherousCapeCorn.(L23-25)1)主干为前半句，逗号后面是由during+which引导的非限制性定语从句，关系代词which是介词during的宾语，这种情况下通常是把介词置于关系代词之前。Example:Thisistheringonwhichshespent1，000dollars.Thisisthehospitalinwhich

45、Iwasborn.6. Thenextnight,theblackesthehadeverknown,theseabecamesoroughthattheboatalmostturnedover.(L26-27)1) 本句中theblackesthehadeverknown是Thenextnight的同位语，theblackest后面省略了night。hehadeverknown是省略掉关系代词that的定语从句。2) so.that.如此.以至于.在本句中引导结果状语从句。Example:HeransofastthatIcouldntcatchupwithhim.7. Still,hecou

46、ldnothelpthinkingthatifanythingshouldhappen,thenearestpersonhecouldcontactbyradio,unlesstherewasashipnearby,wouldbeonanisland885milesaway.(L30-33)1)主干HecouldnothelpthinkingoThat引导宾语从句，其中包含由if何unless引导的两个条件状语从句和person后面省略掉关系代词that的定语从句；宾语从句的主干为thenearestpersonwouldbeonanisland。2)虚拟条件句从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语

47、+动词过去式主语+would/should+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+had+过去分词主语+would/shouldhave+过去分词与将来事实相反If+主语+过去式（通常情况） 主语+wereto+动词原形 主语+should+动词原形（对未来不太可能出现的情况的假想）主语+would/should+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldreadbooksasmanyaspossible.IfIhadknownthematter,Iwouldhavetoldyouaboutthis.Ifitrainedtomorrow,Ishouldstayathome.Ifitweretora

48、intomorrow,Ishouldstayathome.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,Ishouldstayathome.8. IfeelasifIhadwakenedfromanightmare.WildhorsescouldnotdragmedowntoCapeHornandthatsinisterSouthernOceanagain.(L35-37)1) wildhorsescouldnotdrag.isacommonmetaphorusedtomeanthatnothing,nomatterhowstrong,couldmakeyoudosomething.是比喻，指

49、“什么也不能”Example:Wildhorsescouldntdragmeawayfrommyfavoritenovel.Wildhorsescouldntdragherawayuntilshehadgotananswer.2) waken:v.(causeto)wakefromsleepExample:Ishookhimbuthedidntwaken.Agneswouldoftenwakenattheslightestsound.9. QueenElizabethIIknightedhimwiththeveryswordthatQueenElizabethIhadusedalmost400

50、yearsearliertoknightSirFrancisDrakeafterhehadsailedroundtheworldforthefirsttime.(L40-42)1) 主干：QueenElizabethIIknightedhimwiththeverysword。其中sword后是that引导的定语从句，修饰theverysword,还包含一个由after引导的时间状语从句。2) very:adj.same;identical(oftenusedwiththe,this,that,my,his,etc.toemphasizeanoun)Example:Youaretheveryma

51、nIamlookingfor.ThisistheverybookIwant.10. Moreover,inthemodernagewhenhumanbeingsdependsomuchonmachines,hehadgivenmanthroughouttheworldnewpride.(L48-49)1)主干：hehadgivenmannewpride.whenhumanbeingsdependsomuchonmachines是定语从句，修饰“themodernage.WGlobalreading1.partdivisionofthetextpartI(Paras.1-2):Chicheste

52、rsdecisiontosailroundtheworldsingle-handed.partII(Paras.3-8):Chichestersaccomplishmentofhisvoyage.PartIII(Para.9):theimportanceofhisgreatvoyage-givingmannewpride2summarySirFrancisChichesterwasaBritishadventurer.In1931,hetriedtoflyroundtheworldbutfailed.Yearslaterhedecidedtosailroundtheworldalone.Ins

53、piteofhisfriendsanddoctorsattemptstodissuadehim,Chichester,attheageofnearly65,setofftorealizehisolddreamofsailingroundtheworldsingle-handed.Hisvoyagecovered28,500miles,duringwhichheconqueredthem.Andfinally,QueenElizabethIknightedhimforhisgreatachievementandspirit.W.Studyandpractice呱.ReadingActivityBasicreadingskillIHowtoreadatext(partII)Readthetextoncetogettheoverallimpressionofwhatitisabout,andthenrereaditconcentratingonthedetails.K.GuidedWritingPartI:contraction:reducingclausestophrasesorwordsABriefIntroductionWheneverwritingi