董亚芬大学英语精读(第三版)第1册教案-Unit3解析

1、Unit3ThePresentI.Backgroundinformation1. TraditionalBirthdayCelebrationinWesternCountriesIntheWest,itiscustomarytoholdapartyincelebrationofaperson'sbirthday.Theguestswillcometothepartywithbirthdaypresentsandsay“HappyBirthday”tothebirthdayperson.Thegueststhenwatchhimorheropenthepresentsandheorshe

2、thanksthemforthepresentstheyhavebrought.Atthepartydrinksandfoodareserved.Towardtheendofthedinnerthelightsintheroomareturnedoff,andsomeonecomesinfromanotherroomwithacakeonwhicharelightedcandles,oneforeachyear.Atthesightofthecaketheguestsbeginsinging“HappyBirthdaytoYou”andthebirthdaypersonmakesawishbe

3、foreheorsheblowsoutthecandlesonthecake.Itissaidthatthewishwillcometrueifallthecandlesgooutinonepuff.Afterthat,thecakeiscutinslicesusuallybythebirthdayperson,onepieceforeachguest.Whenthepartycomestoanend,theguestswishthebirthdayperson“HappyBirthday”againandleave.2. ImportantbirthdaysintheWestAt21,the

4、ageofmajority(nowloweredto18inmanycountries),onebecomesanadult.Usuallythefamilyhasabigpartyforthenewadultandamajorpresentanexpensivewatchoracarisgivenhimorher.Thepresent,ofcourse,variousfromfamilytofamily.Anybirthdaypast70iscelebratedinaspecialwaybyfamilymembersjustbecausethebirthdaypersonisgettingo

5、ldandmaydiebeforeanotherbirthdaycomesround.ThatiswhytheauthorofThePresentsays“eightywasaspecialbirthday”.Andthen,100thecentennialbirthdayisgenerallyregardedasanunusualoccasionbecausefewpeoplereachit.Thecentenarianmayevenreceiveatelegramoraletterofcongratulationsfromprominentpoliticalfigures,suchasth

6、ePrimeMinisterandtheQueeniftheanniversaryiscelebratedinBritain.Againthefamilymayholdapartyattendedbyrelativesandsurvivingfriendsaswell.Amongotherthingsthecentenariantakesdelightincountinggreatgrandchildrenandgrandchildrenattheparty.H.NewWords1. rare:adj.nothappen/seeoften;(ofasubstance,esp.atmospher

7、e)thin,notdenseExample:Environmentswereabletopreservetherareturtlebeforeitreached.Naturalresourcesarerareinthisregion.Thehigherwegoabovetheearth,therarertheairis.Wouldyoulikeitrare,medium,orwell-done?rare/scarce rare:长期缺少而珍贵的东西，还可以表示“频率低的，罕见的，缺少的”如：ararebook珍本，araremetal稀有金属。 scarce:暂时缺乏从而不足的东西。Exam

8、ple:Foodandfuelaregettingscarce.2. occasion:n.1）specialevent;timewhensthhappensExample:Letmetakethisoccasiontosay:“Congratulation”.2）tocausesthExample:Yourbehaviorhasoccasionedusalotoftrouble.onoccasion:sometimesExample:WegotoHongKongforholidayonoccasion.ontheoccasionof:值之际Example:Wereceivedthispres

9、entontheoccasionofoursilverwedding.3. content:adj./n./v.pleasedtodosth;satisfiedtodosthExample:Heiscontentwithhislifeatpresent.Becauseofhisexcellentadministration,peoplelivedinpeaceandcontentandallpreviouslyneglectedmattersweretakencareof.（CET-4,2006,6,词汇）由于他的出色管理，人们安居乐业，所有先前被忽视的问题都得到了解决。becontentto

10、dosth愿意做Example:Sheiscontenttolivewithhermother-in-law.toone'shearts'content:尽情的Example:Theschoolbeingover,thechildrenwereallowedtowatchTVtotheirhearts'content.:一言辨异Example:Thepoorareoftencontented,butamiserisneversatisfied.穷人常知足，守财奴贝U永不满足。4. arrange:vi.makepreparations;planExample:Iwill

11、arrangeformysecretarytopickyouup.WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbeflexibleandgoanotherday.（CET-4,2005,12,词汇）5.operate:v.Example:Themachineisnotoperatingproperly.operateonsb(forsomedisease)给某人动手术治某病Example:Youcangetaprivatedoctortooperateonhim.6. efficient:【ef-(out)+fic(do)+-(i)ent(的)】

12、abletoplanorworkwellExample:Thenewsecretaryisaquick,efficientworker,andthebossisquietsatisfiedwithher. The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafter1970senergycrisisrevealedindoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.(CET-4,2006,6,完形)20世纪70年代能源危机后，为了高效

13、利用能源而建造的密封商务大楼内存在着由于油漆、墙面粉刷及地毯等物质所引起的空气质量问题。7. endure:【en-(tomake)+dure(sustain)】tobear(suffering,pain,etc)Example:Heconquerswhoendure.坚持就是胜利。 endure/bear/stand“忍受，忍耐” endure中含(持续，持久)，所以它表示的忍受是指长时间忍受困难或不幸，强调持久力和意志坚定。 bear原义“负担，承担”因而它强调忍受者对疼痛、忧虑、责任的承受力。 stand有“站立而不倒”的含义，因而它强调“不屈不挠”或“经受得起”。8. spot:1)

14、n.roundareathatisdifferentfromthemainsurface;aplaceExample:Shewearsawhitedresswithgreenspot.Thisisthespotwherethetwocarscollided.2) v.torecognize;tomakesthdirtyExample:Hiscollarwasspottedwithink.Thebankclerkspottedthecounterfeitnote.onthespot当场，在现场Example:Hedrewarevolverandshottheenemyonthespot.9. b

15、unch:1) n.thingsofthesamekindthattiedtogetherExample:MissWhitereceivedabunchofflowersfromheradmirer.2) v.togettogetherExample:Thechildrenbunchedtogetheringroupsintheplayground. bundle/bunchbundle捆，扎，包（从中部捆扎在一起的东西）abundleofletters/abundleoffirewoodbunch束，串（章程一束或结于一端的东西）abunchofgrapes/abunchofflowers/

16、abunchofkeys/abunchofbananas10.reluctant:adj.unwillingExample:Hegavemereluctantassistance.bereluctanttodosth:beunwillingtodosthExample:Shewasveryreluctanttoadmitthetruth.11. flutter:vi.tomovequicklytoandfrointheairExample:Theflagflutteredinthebreeze. Ilingeredroundthem,underthatbenignsky:watchedthem

17、othsflutteringamongtheheathandharebells;listenedtothesoftwindbreathingthroughthegrass;andwonderedhowanyonecouldeverimagineunquietslumbersforthesleepsinthatquietearth.在那温和的露天，我在那三块墓碑前留恋徘徊，望着飞蛾在石楠从中和钟柳树中闪扑着翼翅，倾听着柔风在草上飘过的呼吸声，不禁感到奇怪，怎么会有人能够想象，在这么一片安静的土地下面，那长眠者怎会不得安睡呢。（艾米丽.勃朗特呼啸山庄）collection:skimclear低飞掠

18、过soar向上直飞glide滑行hover盘旋float漂浮flutter振翅而飞12. stoop:vi.bendthebodyforwardsanddownwards/Example:Shestoopedtopickupherkeys.Mymotherwalkswithastoop.（n.弯腰，弓背） stooptodo降低身份以求Example:Hewouldstooptodoanythingforprofit. stoopto（doing）sth堕落到的地步Example:Hehadstoopedtostealingmoneyfromhisparents.13. tremble:vi.

19、shakeuncontrollablewithquickandshortmovementsExample:Hisvoicetrembledwithanger.（因而颤抖）Theleavestrembleinthebreeze. shake,quiver,trembleshake“颤抖，震动”可用于任何运动，常常有粗鲁或不规则的含义。Example:Heshookherviolentlybytheshoulders.quiver“颤动”表示类似琴弦振动的轻微的，迅速的振动。Example:Helipquiveredandthenshestartedtocry.tremble“哆嗦，发抖”多指因胆

20、怯、愤怒而发抖。14. atothertimes在别的时候，平时Example:Theoldwomanseldomcamedownstairsatothertimes.collection:attimes有时atalltimes在任何时候atonetime曾经allthetime一直againsttime争分夺秒的aheadoftime提前15. afterall:一言辨异Youshouldnotscoldedtheboyatall,heisachildafterall;aboveall,hemadeonlytwomistakesinall.你根本不该责备那个男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子；更重要的是

21、，他总共才出了两处错。 notatall:inanyway afterall:inspiteofeverything aboveall:mostimportantly inall:asatotal16. besureof:besureof./besureto. besureofwinning"自己相信自己会胜利”Example:Theyaresureoffulfillingthetaskaheadofschedule.他们相信自己有把握提前完成任务。 besuretowin“相信别人会胜利”Example:Theyaresuretofulfillthetaskaheadofsched

22、ule.（我们相信）他们一定能提前完成任务。H.warm-upquestions1. Doyouoftencallyourparents?Whatdoyouusuallytalkaboutwithyourparentsonthephone?Yes,Ioftencallmyparents.Iusuallyaskabouttheirhealthanddailylifeandtellthemallthegoodthingsaboutmyself.2. Doyouknowyourparents'birthday?Whatdoyouusuallydotocelebratetheirbirthda

23、y?Yes,Iknowmyparents'birthdays.WhenIlivedthembefore,Iusedtobuythemflowers,cakesorcookdinnerforthemtocelebratetheirbirthdays.Inrecentyears,Icanonlymakeaphonecallandsendmypresentstothem.3. Supposeyourmotherwerefiftytomorrow.Whatbirthdaypresentwouldyousendher?Iwillcallherandgivemybestwishestoher,an

24、dsendheraredsweaterbecauseshehasneverbeeninred.Ihopethiscolorcanbringhergoodluckandhealthforever.WLanguagepoints1. Fromthesecondfloorflatshecouldseethepostmanwhenhecamedownthestreet,andthelittleboyfromthegroundfloorbroughtupherlettersontherareoccasionswhenanythingcame(L2-5)1)本句是由and引导的并列句，前一句中when引导

25、时间状语从句，而后一句中的when引导的是定语从句，修饰occasions2)Whatcanwelearnfromthispart?Theoldlady'sdaughterandherrelativesandfriendsseldomsentherlettersorparcels.Ifanythingdidcomebypost,theboywouldbringitupforher.2Myrawouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthday,evenifsheseldomwroteatothertimes(L6-7)1) 主干：Myrawouldn

26、9;tforgethermother'sbirthday.后面的evenf引导让步状语从句。2) evenif：although,thoughExample:Hewasdeterminedtocarriedouthisplan,evenifhehadlungcancer.3) seldom:adv.notoftenExample:Theyseldomwatchtelevisionthesedays.Paraphrase:Myrawouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthd,aaylthoughshedidnotoftenwritetohermother

27、onotheroccasions.3.OfcourseMyrawasbusy.HerhusbandhadbeenmadeMayor,andMyraherselfhadgotamedalforherworkfortheaged.(L7-9)1) make:vt.toselectorchoosesbassthExample:Shemadehimherassistant.2) theaged:oldpeople定冠词the和某些形容词和分次连用表示一类人或物，为复数概念。如:thepoor穷人，thesick病人,thewounded伤员，theliving活着的人。3) Canyouguesswh

28、atkindofworkMyratook?Charitableundertaking.4) Whatrhetoricaldevicedidtheauthoruse?Irony.5) Andwhatcanweinferfromthispart?ItisquiteironicthatMyradidalotfortheoldandhelplessinthesocietywhileshewassothoughtlessforheroldmother.Thereforetheapparentmeaningofthissentenceisjusttheoppositetotheintendedmeanin

29、g.4. PerhapsperhapsMyramightcome.Afterall,eightywasaspecialbirthday,anotherdecadelivedorenduredjustasyouchosetolookatit.(L21-23)1) 本句中anotherdecadelivedorendure是独立结构，作方式状语，其中lived和endure是并列的过去分词,anotherdecade作分词的逻辑主语。分词独立结构可以表示伴随状况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。Theprojectfinished,theyhadatwoweeks'leave

30、.2) choosetodosthMoreandmorepeoplenowarechoosingtolivealone.3) Whatdoesthissentenceimply?Thisistheoldlady'ssoliloquyy(内心独白).SheexpectsMyratocome一shewishesMyrawouldcomebutshehasdoubtsabouthercoming.Therepetitionof“perhaps”andtheword“might”indicateheruncertainty.Paraphrase:Aneightiethbirthdayisspe

31、cialbecausenoteveryonecanlivesolong.Itmarkstheendofanotherten-yearperiodyouhavelivedthroughorendured,dependingonyourpointofview.5)What'sthefunctionof“anotherdecadelivedorendured”?“Anotherdecadelivedorendured”isanabsoluteconstruction,servingasanadverbialofmanner.Infact,thisisacommentmadebytheauth

32、or,remindingthereaderthatlifecanbeenjoymentorsufferingandviewsonlifecanbedifferentaccordingly.5. Thelittleboy,Johnnie,hadbeenupwithapacketofmints,andsaidhewouldn'tgoouttoplayuntiltheposthadcome.(L30-33)1)本句中Johnnie是thelittleboy的同位语。同位语是用来对名词或代词做进一步解释的，它可以是单数、短语或从句，从句常常由that或连接副词why,where,when,ho

33、w等引导。Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.2)not.until扌旨导才IcannotcommentfurtheruntilIhavegotalltheinformation.6. IdidlastweekwhenIwassix.(L35-36)本句中的did指代上文中提到的“gotlots,andlotspresents”以免重复。7. Jimhadalwayslikedherinblue.(L41-42)1) 本句中

34、用了过去完成时，表示老太太的丈夫Jim已经过世。2) 介词in在这里旨“穿着”。Thegirlwerealldressedinwhite.Shelookedsobeautifulinherweddingdress.8. Somanylovelythings.(L43)Whatdoesthissentencemean?Thereweresomanynicethingstheoldwomanwantedtohave,butshewouldbeverypleasedtogetanykindofbirthdaypresentfromherdaughter9. Thenclatter,clatterup

35、thestairs.Johnnieknockedatherdoor.(L47)1) Whatdoesthissentencesuggest?Thissuggeststhattheoldladywaslisteningfortheboy'sfootstepsinherroom,eagerlyandattentively.2) Whatdoesthissentenceimply?Immediatelyshefeltverydisappointedandherheartbegantoachesharply.3) Whatdoesthissentencemean?Thatwasthereaso

36、nwhytheparcelhadnotcomeyet.“Thatwasit”isanidiomaticexpressionwhichoftenmeans“Thatexplainedwhathadhappened”.10. Maybetheparcelwastoolargetocomebyletterpost.(L54)1)too.to太不能Example:Youaretooyoungtounderstandpolitics.Iwastooexcitedtosleep.11. Thatwasit.(L54)本句中的it扌旨代thereasonwhytheparcelhadnotcomeyet.1

37、2. Herpresent,herlovelypresent.(L60)Whatdoesthisincompletesentenceindicate?Thissentenceisequaltoanimperativestructure.Ithasaspecialrhetoricalfunction,showingtheoldlady'sexcitement,angeranddesperation.V.GlobalReading1. summaryThetextisaverysimplestory.Itgivesusanaccountofwhathappenstotheoldladyon

38、hereightiethbirthday.Shegetsupearlyandputsonherbestdress.Shewishesherdaughterwouldcometoseeher,thoughdeepdownshehasherdoubts.Butonethingiscertain:shewillgetapresentfromherdaughteranyway.Soshewaitswitheagerness.Finallythepostmancomes;theoldwoman,however,doesnotreceivetheparcelshehasbeenexpecting,buta

39、printedbirthdaycardalongwithacheque.Sheissodisappointed,sohurt,thatshetearsthechequeintosmallpieces.ThestoryshowsussomeaspectsofthefamilyrelationshipinWesternsocietyandgivesusaninsightintothefrustrationsoldpeoplesuffer.2. divisionpartofthetextPartI:(Paras.1-7)Introducebrieflytheoldlady'sbirthday

40、andsomethingabouthertwodaughters.PartII:(Paras.8-12)Describewhatshegotfromherneighborsandherexpectationofherdaughter'spresent.PartIII:(Paras.13-21)Toherdisappointed,herdaughtersentheracheque.3.DiscourseAnalysisSomeCriticalTermsinNarrativeStoriesSettingwhereandwhenthestorytakesplaceTime:theoldlad

41、y'sbirthdayPlace:onthesecondfloorflatCharacterswhoevertakespartinthestory(peopleoranimals)theoldlady,Enid,Myra,Johnnie,Mrs.Morrison,Mrs.GrantPloteventTheoldladyhadexpectedapresentfromherdaughterMyraandwasdisappointedtoreceiveonlyacheckClimaxactionThemomentwhentheoldladyreceivedonlyacheckforher80

42、thbirthdayandshetoreitintobitswithtremblingfigures.PointofviewtheanglefromwhichastoryispresentedThestoryisinthethirdpersonChronologicalstructuretheuseoftimereferencestoorganizetheepisodesofastoryThestoryisorganizedthroughtheuseoftimereferences.Flashbackatermusedtodescribeanysceneorepisodewhichisinse

43、rtedtoshoweventsthathappenedatanearliertimeTheoldladyrecalledhowEniddiedontheoperatingtableandwhatMyrahaddoneforherafterwards.ThemethecentralmeaningthatisimplicitinastoryBloodisthickerthanwater.Ourparentsandrelativesaremoreimportanttousthanothers.4.WordsScanning1)Directions:Scanthetextandusesomeadje

44、ctivestodescribehertwodaughters'andneighbors'attitudestotheoldlady.JohnnieMrs.Morrisonhelpful,kind,warm-heartedMrs.GrantEnidconsiderate,thoughtfulMyrathoughtless2)Directions:Scanthetextagainandusesomephrasesdescribingthechangesoftheoldlady'sactionsandfeeling.expectation:getupearly;besure

45、ofsomething;putonbestdress;mightcomeconcession:evenif;sendapresentanothertwospotsofcolor;excitedlikeachild;standbythewindow,expectationwatchingdisappointmentfeelapangofdisappointmentconcessiontheparceltoolargetocomebythepostcompletedisappointmentreluctantly;acard;apieceofpaper5.Whatherneighborsdidfortheoldlady's80thbirthday?Mrs.MorrisonMrs.Morrisonhadgive