雅思小作文1概述

1、小作文部分总体安排1）小作文概述2）折线图3）饼状图4）柱状图5）表格6）流程图7）地图8）复合图表9）阶段测试类型 Line graph Pie chart Bar chart 70% Table Flow graph/process diagram 20% Others 10%内容1) Have a first-trial 2) Introduction a. 考试要求与评分标准b. 常见题型c. 小作文结构d. 小作文语言e. 修改和润色RequirementsDescribe the dataUse formal language150 words20 minutesAssessmen

2、t CriteriaTask fulfillment (完成要求情况)Coherence and cohesion (统一性和连贯性)Vocabulary and sentence structure (词汇和句型) 雅思图表题3个要求第一第一 客观性客观性 不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。第二第二 准确性准确性 数据要求精确（数据要求精确（不抄错不抄错），可以合理目测（），可以合理目测（大概数值大概数值）。）。第三第三 详尽性详尽性 4 4类特征数据一定介绍：类特征数据一定介绍：最大值最大值（maximummaximum），），最小值最小值（minim

3、umminimum），），交叉点交叉点（intersectionintersection），），变化趋势变化趋势（trendtrend）。）。Layout of A Report Introduce the topic and give a brief overview of the findings.Introduction Describe the findings after you have analyzed the data.Main body Briefly summarize the findings.Conclusion写作方法写作方法单图：混合图：Line graph: Li

4、ne graphs compare two variables. Each variable is plotted along an axis . A line graph has a vertical axis and a horizontal axis. 曲线图Pie chart / graph: A circular graph having radii dividing the circle into sectors proportional in angle and area to the relative size of the quantities represented. Al

5、so called: circle graph.饼形图Bar chart / graph: A graph consisting of parallel, usually vertical bars or rectangles with lengths proportional to the frequency with which specified quantities occur in a set of data. 柱状图Table: An orderly arrangement of data, especially one in which the data are arranged

6、 in columns and rows in an essentially rectangular form.表格Flow chart: A schematic representation of a sequence of operations, as in a manufacturing process or computer program. Also called: flow diagram, flow sheet. 流程图 图表题3种段落第一第一 开头段开头段第二第二 主体段主体段第三第三 结尾段结尾段Structure Introduction, 1-2 sentences, r

7、ewrite the question Body1, 1+X sentences, 第一句总体概括，第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍句具体介绍数字数字 Body2, 1+X sentences, 第一句总体概括，第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍句具体介绍数字数字 Conclusion, 1-2 sentences, 第一句介绍总数（可不第一句介绍总数（可不写）；第二句做总结。写）；第二句做总结。 开头段开头段 写作写作WWWSkillsSkillsSkills RITINGRITINGRITING第一节第一节开头段：开头段：1-21-2句，转述原题句，转述原题 转述原题转述原题3 3法：法： 添加单词

8、添加单词 删除单词删除单词 替换单词替换单词 （注意：改动不需过多，（注意：改动不需过多，3-43-4处，即可）处，即可） 原题一句变两句，两句变一句。原题一句变两句，两句变一句。 全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。 开头段的时态：开头段的时态：永远一般现在时永远一般现在时Writing the introductionType of chartAppropriate VerbDescriptionThe illustrationgraphpie chartbar charttableshowsillustratespresentscomparesrepr

9、esentsthe number ofthe proportion ofinformation ondata onthe percentage of开头段：开头段：1-21-2句，转述原题句，转述原题练习练习1 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The following graphs indicate the proportion of the The following graphs indicate the proportion of

10、 the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in women. effect of treatment in two types of cancer in women. You should write at least 150 words. You should write at least 150 words. Key toKey to 练习练习1 1【原文原文】 The The following following graphs graphs indicate indicate thethe proportion proportion

11、 of the of the effecteffect of treatment in two of treatment in two typestypes of cancer in of cancer in womenwomen. . 【改写改写】TheThe twotwo lineline graphs ( graphs (given)given) illustrateillustrate/ /showshow/ / demonstratedemonstrate/ /outlineoutline/ /describe describe the the percentagepercentag

12、e of the of the influenceinfluence of treatment in two of treatment in two kindskinds/ / categoriescategories of of cancer in cancer in females.females. 开头段：开头段：1-21-2句，转述原题句，转述原题练习练习2 2You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below sho

13、w the results of a survey of adult education. The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult The pie

14、chart shows how people think the costs of adult education should be cation should be shared.You should write at least 150 words. You should write at least 150 words. 开头段：开头段：1-21-2句，转述原题句，转述原题练习练习3 3You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.You should spend about 20 minutes on this ta

15、sk.The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the univ

16、ersity.whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university.You should write at least 150 words. You should write at least 150 words. Key toKey to 练习练习3 3【原文原文】 The The tabletable shows shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergr

17、aduate and postgraduate students of a UK university undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the universitywhether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university. .【改写改写】 The The diagramdiagram gives a breakdowngives a b

18、reakdown（明细表）（明细表） about different about different attitudesattitudes amongamong undergraduate and postgraduate students undergraduate and postgraduate students towardstowards equipmentequipment of a UK of a UK collegecollege in in the yearthe year 2004. 2004. 改写Britain the UKAmerica the US(A), the

19、statesduring the period between 1981 and 2000 from 1981 to 2000 during the last 19 years/two decades of the 20th century at the turn of the 21st centuryRewrite words show = describe/ illustrate/ demonstrate/ summaries/ outline/ indicate proportion = percentage categories = kinds, types families = ho

20、useholds families living in poverty = poor families men and women = males and females population = people three different countries 后面加上短横线再加上三个国名：Japan， Sweden and the USA The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Family typeProp

21、ortion of people from each household type living in povertySingle aged person6%Aged couple4%Single, no children19%Couple, no children7%Sole parent21%Couple with children12%All household11%The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.

22、改后：The chart describes the percentage of diverse types of poor families in Australia in 1999. The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in America and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualif

23、ications in America and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.改后：The bar chart illustrates the diverse levels of post-school certificates in the US and the percentage of males and females holding them in 1999.亮点句型According to/As (is) shown in/As can be seen from the table, chart, dia

24、gram, graph, figuresIt can be seen/observed from/ we can see from It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures (that).Trends1. There was an overall increase in earnings across the board.2. Over the thirty-year period, there was a big increase in earnings amongst people with high s

25、chool certificates (85).3. There was a gradual increase in earning amongst people with a university degree.4. The increase in earnings for the whole period was less for people with a Bachelors degree (60) than for people with a Masters or Doctoral degree (70).Significant differenceExample: Between 1

26、965 and 1985, there was a significant difference in the earnings between high school leavers and university graduates.Level out (使变得水平；持平使变得水平；持平)Example: In 1985, earnings leveled out amongst people with a Masters degree and with a Doctoral degree.Remain steadyExample: Earnings amongst university g

27、raduates remained fairly steady after 1985.Slightly more/lessExample: Earning for people with a Bachelors degree was slightly less than people with a Masters or Doctoral degree.Gradual increase/declineExample: There was a gradual increase in earning amongst people with a university degree.Steady inc

28、rease/decreaseExample: There was a steady increase in earnings for people who held a Doctoral degree between the years 1965 and 1995.Significant increase/decreaseExample: There was a significant increase in earnings amongst people with a Bachelors degree between 1965 and 1975.Diminish (decrease)Exam

29、ple: The difference in earnings between high school leavers and university graduates diminished after 1995.Rise/Drop sharplyExample: Earnings in general rose sharply between 1965 and 1995. RelativelyExample: Earnings between people with different levels of education is relatively small.Body 1+X 句型第一

30、句概括本段总体趋势或者概由几个部分组成X 表示介绍数据（2个要点） 尽可能按照顺序 取舍数字原则注意时态主体段：主体段：1+X1+X句，第一句总体概括，句，第一句总体概括，X X句具体介绍数字。句具体介绍数字。第一句作用：第一句作用： 总括变化趋势总括变化趋势 ( (有时间变化的图，如有时间变化的图，如 line graphline graph和和 bar chartbar chart 的升降、波动等）；的升降、波动等）；或或 包含哪几种数据（没时间变化的图，如包含哪几种数据（没时间变化的图，如 pie chartpie chart 和和 tabletable 的组成部分）。的组成部分）。X

31、X句数据介绍句数据介绍3 3要点：要点： 按照顺序介绍数据按照顺序介绍数据 4类关键信息：类关键信息： 最大最大-最小最小-变化变化-交叉交叉（主要是线图）（主要是线图） 还有：还有：起点起点-拐点拐点-终点终点 信息也值得注意信息也值得注意 可作取舍，不必面面俱到，视时间而定可作取舍，不必面面俱到，视时间而定 注意：注意：主体段时态主体段时态由题目的时间决定。由题目的时间决定。Writing the main body1. Selecting important information2. Grouping information3. Comparing and contrasting da

32、taNote: 1)Word selection and variation2) Time description3) Coherence and cohesion4) Fixed / standard expressionsInclude as much information as possible.Do Not include irrelevant information.Writing the main body主体段模版主体段模版: : According to the first bar, According to the first bar, ( ( 由图可见由图可见 ) ) .

33、 To be more . To be more specifically specifically ( ( 具体说来具体说来 ), ), . . At first, . Then, . After that, . From this point At first, . Then, . After that, . From this point onwards, . Finally, .onwards, . Finally, .As shown in the ,As shown in the , As can be seen from the , As can be seen from the

34、 , It is manifest from the that It is manifest from the that To be more specific, = More specifically, To be more specific, = More specifically, To be more exact, = More exactly, To be more exact, = More exactly, To be more precise, = More precisely, To be more precise, = More precisely, 表示时间推移的短语（熟

35、记）表示时间推移的短语（熟记）At first, (=initially)Then,After that,From this point onwards,Finally (=eventually) 表示趋势的短语表示趋势的短语- -动词（熟记）动词（熟记） 数字趋势动词数字趋势动词1. 1.上升趋势上升趋势: rise, go up, : rise, go up, 2. 2.下降趋势下降趋势: fall, sink, drop, : fall, sink, drop, dip, dip, reducereduce, go down, go down3. 3.保持不变保持不变: remain s

36、teady, : remain steady, show no/little changeshow no/little change4. 4.波动波动: fluctuate: fluctuate 趋势动词替换趋势动词替换1. 1.上升趋势上升趋势: increase, grow, : increase, grow, climb, ascend ( jump, surge, climb, ascend ( jump, surge, soar, shoot up )soar, shoot up ) 2. 2.下降趋势下降趋势: decline, decrease, : decline, decre

37、ase, descend ( plunge, slump)descend ( plunge, slump)3. 3.保持不变保持不变: level off/out at, : level off/out at, hover at, stabilize at, reach a hover at, stabilize at, reach a plateau atplateau at表示趋势的短语表示趋势的短语- -形容词（熟记）：形容词（熟记）：1. 1.速度快速度快: sharp, rapid, dramatic, drastic: sharp, rapid, dramatic, drastic

38、2. 2.速度慢速度慢: gradual, slow, steady, gentle: gradual, slow, steady, gentle3. 3.幅度大幅度大: significant, substantial, marked: significant, substantial, marked4. 4.幅度小幅度小: slight, modest, moderate: slight, modest, moderate注意注意: : 以上加以上加 ly ly 均为副词。均为副词。 表示分别的副词是表示分别的副词是 respectivelyrespectively。表示趋势的短语表示趋势

39、的短语- -其它（熟记）：其它（熟记）：1. 1.最高点最高点: : peak at, reach the highest point at, peak at, reach the highest point at, 2. 2.最低点最低点: : bottom out at, reach the bottom at, the lowest point at bottom out at, reach the bottom at, the lowest point at3. 3.达到多少（量）达到多少（量）: : reach, arrive at, amount to, hit, stand at

40、 reach, arrive at, amount to, hit, stand at4. 4.占多少（比例）占多少（比例） : : account for, make up, occupy, represent, constitute account for, make up, occupy, represent, constitute5. 5.预测（会有）多少预测（会有）多少: : predict, expect, forecast predict, expect, forecast 句型为：句型为： A is predicted/ expected/forecasted to reach

41、A is predicted/ expected/forecasted to reachWWWSkillsSkillsSkills ritingritingriting1- 1- 表示经历了某种变化表示经历了某种变化 see/witness/experiencesee/witness/experience2- 2- 表示由表示由组成组成 be made up of/be composed/comprised ofbe made up of/be composed/comprised of consist of / comprise consist of / comprise （主动态）（主动态

42、）3- 3- 对比和类比对比和类比 Similarly, /Likewise,Similarly, /Likewise, Unlike, Unlike, In comparison, In comparison, In/By contrast, In/By contrast, 4- 4- 大约多少大约多少 about/around/roughly/approximatelyabout/around/roughly/approximately just over/just under just over/just under上升上升go up ( went up )rise ( rose )gr

43、ow ( grew )increase ( increased )ascend ( ascended )an upward trend急剧上升急剧上升jump ( jumped )rocket ( rocketed )shoot up ( shot up )soar ( soared )surge ( surged )an upward trend下降下降go down( went down )fall ( fell )decline ( declined )decrease ( decreased )descend ( descended ) a downward trend急剧下降急剧下降

44、plummet plunge波动波动fluctuatefluctuationfluctuate between andUps and downs稳定在一个水平上稳定在一个水平上level off atlevel out atstabilize atremain stable athover atreach a plateau at到达最高点到达最高点peak atreach the peak atreach the highest point at 到达最低点到达最低点reach the bottom atbottom out atthe lowest point at达到（多少量）达到（多少

45、量）reach arrive atstand atamount to占（多少）占（多少）account for make upoccupyrepresentconstitute由由组成组成be made up ofbe composed ofconsist ofcomprisebe comprised of速度快速度快sharp ( sharply )dramatic ( dramatically )drastic ( drastically )rapid ( rapidly )steep ( steeply )速度慢速度慢steady ( steadily )slow ( slowly )g

46、radual ( gradually )幅度大幅度大marked substantialsignificant幅度小幅度小slightmoderatemarginal大约大约about aroundapproximatelyroughlyjust abovejust under分别分别 respectively学会活用学会活用account for + 数字/百分数 level off at + 数字类比similarlylikewise对比Unlike,In comparison, By/ In contrast, A while/ whereas B引用数据引用数据方法方法WWWSkill

47、sSkillsSkills RITINGRITINGRITING第第 四四 你知道吗？你知道吗？WWWSkillsSkillsSkills ritingritingriting图表主体段写作，第一句话是主题句，图表主体段写作，第一句话是主题句，支持句介绍数据时要详尽。支持句介绍数据时要详尽。请看例句：请看例句： 图表图表引用数据引用数据方法：方法：1.1. The number picked up The number picked up in Junein June, rocketing, rocketing by almost by almost 500%500% . .2.2. Ther

48、e was a marked improvement There was a marked improvement in Julyin July with the number with the number of visitors surging of visitors surging 400%400% . .3.3. The periodThe period between May and Septemberbetween May and September saw a steady saw a steady growth in the number of visitors growth

49、in the number of visitors from 70,000 to 140,000from 70,000 to 140,000 . .4.4. The gradual rise in visitor numbers The gradual rise in visitor numbers from 30,000 to from 30,000 to approximatelyapproximately 45,000 45,000 in the first four monthsin the first four months was was followed by a sharper

50、 increase followed by a sharper increase in Mayin May. . 图表图表引用数据引用数据句型：句型：1.1. The numberThe number picked uppicked up in June, in June, rocketingrocketing by almost 500% . by almost 500% .2.2. There wasThere was a marked improvement a marked improvement in July in July with the number with the num

51、ber ofof visitors visitors surging surging 400% . 400% .3.3. The periodThe period between May and September between May and September saw a steady saw a steady growthgrowth in the number ofin the number of visitors from 70,000 to 140,000 . visitors from 70,000 to 140,000 .4.4. The gradual riseThe gr

52、adual rise in visitor numbersin visitor numbers from 30,000 to from 30,000 to approximately 45,000 in the first four months approximately 45,000 in the first four months was followed was followed byby a sharper increasea sharper increase in May. in May.There wasThere was a slight risea slight rise i

53、n in the number ofthe number of TV TV audiences audiences fromfrom about about 3%3% at at 6:00 am 6:00 am toto about about 7% 7% at at 8 am.8 am.表达表达-1：从早上从早上6 6点到早上点到早上8 8点看电视的人数点看电视的人数有个小小的增长有个小小的增长, ,由由3%3%到到7%7%。统计数据统计数据句型句型The percentage declined The percentage declined substantially until 8:00

54、 am, substantially until 8:00 am, bottoming out at about 45%.bottoming out at about 45%.表达表达-2：百分率一直大百分率一直大幅下滑，到早幅下滑，到早上上8 8点最低降到点最低降到约约45%45%。The next two hours The next two hours witnessed a dramatic rise witnessed a dramatic rise in the number again, with in the number again, with the number reac

55、hing 280 the number reaching 280 at midday.at midday.表达表达-3：接下来的两个小接下来的两个小时，数字又巨幅时，数字又巨幅攀升，中午时分攀升，中午时分最高达到最高达到280280。However, for the rest of However, for the rest of the day, the percentage the day, the percentage of radio was much lower of radio was much lower than that of TV.than that of TV.表达表达-

56、4：然而在一天里其他然而在一天里其他的时间，听收音机的时间，听收音机的百分比要比看电的百分比要比看电视的百分比低很多。视的百分比低很多。Table 1CountryGDP per capita (USD)Adult illiteracy rateNewspaper sales per 1,000 peoplethe Bahamas13,0004.499Argentina 9,1003.6123Brazil 4,90016.840Mexico 4,30010.597Surinam 3,7007.0122Jamaica 2,60015.263Cuba 2,1004.4118 Sample Answ

57、er 1 It can be seen from the table that the Bahamas and Argentina had GDP of $13,000 and $9,100 per capita respectively and the adult illiteracy rates were 4.4 and 3.6 in the two countries. Brazil and Mexico had GDP of $4,900 and $4,300 per capita, and their adult illiteracy rates were 16.8 and 10.5

58、. Surinam, Jamaica and Cuba had $3,700, $2,600, and $2,100 respectively, with the adult illiteracy rate at 7.0, 15.2, and 4.4. The table shows that another indicator, Newspaper Sales per 1,000 people had a huge number more than 100 of Argentina Surinam and Cuba. This was followed by the Bahamas 99,

59、Mexico 97, Jamaica 63, and Brazil 40. Sample Answer 2 We can see that GDP per capita varies substantially from 2,100 USD in Cuba to 13,000 USD in the Bahamas, with 5 of the 7 countries below 5,000 USD. The illiteracy rates also differ considerately. The highest illiteracy rates are for Brazil (16.8%

60、) and Jamaica (15.2%), whilst Argentina has the lowest rate, at 3.6%. Mexico (at 10.5%) and Surinam (7%) lie in the middle. Surprisingly, the adult illiteracy rate for Cuba and the Bahamas is the same, at 4.4%. Newspaper sales per 1,000 people are also diverse Conclusion（optional）结论只要是根据图的数据得出的合理规律就