环境工程专业英语名词汇总

1、环境：environment环境保护：environmentalprotection环境问题：environmentalissue/problem环境污染：environmentalpollution环境因子：environmentalfactors环境生态学：environmentalecology专业英语环境工程：environmentalengineering环境意识：environmentalconsciousness/awareness环境效应：environmentaleffect环境要素：environmentalelements环境化学：environmentalchemist

2、ry环境质量：environmentalquality硬度：hardness混凝沉淀：coagulateflocculatingagent水质净化：waterqualitypurifies活性炭吸附：activatedcarbonadsorption环境自净作用：environmentalself-purification/self-cleansing水环境：watershed水体：waterbody流域：watershed水质：waterquality水资源：waterresources供水：watersupply废水：wastewater水处理：watertreatment物理性水质指标：

3、physicalindicateofwaterquality水污染物：waterpollutant生物性水质指标：biologicalwater-qualityindex水质标准：waterqualitystandard化学性水质指标：chemicalwater-qualityindexDS：dissolvedsolidsBOD：biochemicaloxygendemandTDS：totaldissolvedsolidsCOD：chemicaloxygendemandTSS：totalsuspendedsolidsDO：dissolvedoxygenTOC：totalorganiccarbo

4、nPH值：TN：总氮totalnitrogenTP：总磷phosphorusZn：zincCu：CopperAs：arsenicCd：CadmiumCr：chromiumNi：NickelHg：mercuryPb：plumbum物理处理：physicaltreatment过滤：screening生物处理：biologicaltreatment沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemicaltreatment气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemicaltreatment蒸发：evaporation稀释：dilution扩散：dispersion吹脱：stri

5、pping好氧处理：aerobictreatment生物膜法：bio-membraneprocess厌氧处理：anaerobictreatment生物滤池：tricklingfilters活性污泥法：activatedsludgeprocess生物接触氧化：biologicalcontactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯StyreneButadieneRubberUASB（流式厌氧污泥床）：Upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket活性污泥：activatedsludge改进型：modification一级处理：primarytreatment二级处理：secondarytreatmen

6、t三级处理：tertiarytreatment高级氧化处理：advancedtreatment生活污水：domesticwastewater生产废水：industrialwastewater城市生活污水：municipalwastewater电镀废水：metalplatingplants印染废水：pulpandpaperindustrieswastewater浊度：turbidity隔油池：oilseparationtank调节池：adjustingtank加药设备：physicalequipment中和池：neutralizationtank生物反应池：biologicalreactor沉淀

7、池：sedimentationtank初沉池：primarysedimentationtank絮凝剂：flocculant生物降解：biodegradation飘尘：floatingdust能见度：visibility一次污染物：primarypollutant二次污染物：secondarypollutant硫氧化物：sulfuroxides硫化氢：hydrogensulfide硝酸：nitricacid硫酸：sulfuricacid除尘工艺：Dustremoval吸收：absorption静电除尘：electricdustprecipitation臭氧：ozone光化学烟雾：photoche

8、micalsmoke土壤：soil噪声：noise二沉池：secondarysedimentationtank混凝剂：coagulateflocculant生物累积：bioaccumulation可吸入颗粒物：inhalableparticles酸雨：acidrain氮氧化物：nitrogenoxides碳氧化物：carbonoxides盐酸：hydrochloricacid二氧化硫：sulfurdioxide吸附：adsorption重力除尘：gravitationalsettling喷淋（洗涤）：scavenging热污染：temperaturechange/thermalpollutio

9、n放射性：radioactivity矿业固废：minesolidwastes破碎处理：processing农业固废：agriculturesolidwastes压实处理：reductioninvolume污泥脱水：disposalofthesludge？污泥浓缩：sludgethickening带式压滤：Beltfilterpress离心脱水：centrifugaldewatering筛分：screening堆肥和堆肥化：compostandcomposting沼气和沼气化：biogas热解与焚烧：pyrolysisandincineration生物转化作用：biotransformation

10、热化学转化作用：thermo-chemicalcontrol固体废物处理：processingandrecovery处置：disposal物质回收：materialsrecovery物质转化：materialconversion能量回收：energyrecoveryEIA：environmentalimpactassessmentCAD（计算机辅助设计）：computeraideddesign大气污染控制工程：airpollutioncontrol水污染控制工程：waterpollutioncontrol固体废物污染控制工程：solidwastemanagement污染源：pollutions

11、ource同化作用：assimilation固体废物：solidwastes危险废物：hazardouswastes化学污泥chemicalsludge：生物污泥：biologicalsludge工业固废：industrialwastes分选处理：separationtreatment固化和稳定化作用：solidificationandstabilization资源化：resource减量化：pollutioncontrol无害化：harmlessness固体废物全过程控制：solidwasteintegratedcontrol固体废物污染控制：solidwasterpollution能量转化

12、：energyconversion1. Environmentalengineeringhasbeendefinedasthebranchofengineeringthatisconcernedwithprotectingtheenvironmentfromthepotential,deleteriouseffectsofhumanactivity,protectinghumanpopulationsfromtheeffectsofadverseenvironmentalfactors,andimprovingenvironmentalqualityforhumanhealthandwell-

13、being.（2页）环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科，其研究内容包括保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响持续改善环境质量，以造福于人类健康与福祉。2. Anunderstandingofthenatureoftheenvironmentandofhumaninteractionwithitisanecessaryprerequisitetounderstandingtheworkoftheenvironmentalengineering（.2页）了解环境性质以及环境与人类相互作用是了解环境工程师的先决条件。3. Engineersmustappreciate

14、thefundamentalprinciplesofecology,anddesignwiththeenvironment，soasnottoimpactadverselyonespeciallyfragileecosystem。Forexample，oneofthemostfragileofallecosystemisthedeepoceans，yetoceandisposalofhazardouswasteisseriouslyadvocatedbysomeengineers。Theinclusionofecologicalprinciplesinengineeringdecisionsi

15、samajorcomponentoftheenvironmentalengineeringprofession（6页）环境工程师必须深入了解、重视生态学的基本原理，并应用生态学原理来规划环境，以免影响较脆弱的生态环境。例如：深海是所有生态系统中最脆弱的环境之一，但却有些工程师极力主张危险废物深海处置。因此充分考虑生态学基本原理是是环境工程职业在工程决策上的一个重要组成部分。4. Inanaturalstate,earth'slifeformsliveinequilibriumwiththeirenvironment.Thenumbersandactivitiesofeachspecie

16、saregovernedbytheresourcesavailabletothem（11页）在自然环境状态下，地球上生物与其生存环境之间处于一种相互适应、相互协调的动态平衡关系5. Aspollutantsenterair，water，orsoil，naturalprocessessuchasdilution，biologicalconversions，andchemicalreactionsconvertwastematerialtomoreacceptableformsanddispersethemthroughalargevolume°（17页）当污染物进入空气、水或土壤时，自

17、然过程（如稀释、生物转化和化学反应）将废物转化为更可接受的形式，并将其大量分散。6. Theenvironmentalengineer'suniqueroleistobuildabridgebetweenbiologyandtechnologybyapplyingallthetechniquesmadeavailablebymodernengineeringtechnologytothejobofcleaningupthedebrisleftinthewakeofanindiscriminateuseofthattechnology。环境工程师的独特作用是，通过将现代工程技术提供的所有

18、技术应用于清理不分青红皂白地使用该技术后留下的碎片，在生物学和技术之间架起一座桥梁。7. Foronlybybringingtechnologyintoharmonywiththenaturalenvironmentcantheengineerhopetoachievethegoalsoftheprofessional-theprotectionoftheenvironmentfromthepotentiallydeleteriouseffectsofhumanactivity，theprotectionofhumanpopulationfromtheeffectsofadverseenvir

19、onmentalfactors，andtheimprovementofenvironmentalqualityforhumanhealthandwell-being°（18页）因为只有使技术与自然环境相协调，工程师才能实现专业人员的目标保护环境免受人类活动的潜在有害影响，保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响，以及改善环境质量。健康和幸福的环境质量。8. Theatmosphere，likeastreamorariver，hasnatural，built-inself-cleansingprocesseswithoutwhichthetropospherewouldquicklybecome

20、unlivableforhumans。Mostoftheair-pollution-controldevicesdiscussedinthischapter，forbothstationaryandmobilesource，makeuseofsomeoftheprinciplesinvolvedinthenaturalatmosphericcleansingprocesses°（34页）大气，像溪流或河流一样，有着天然的、内置的自我净化过程，如果没有这些过程，对流层将很快变得对人类不可行。本章讨论的大多数空气污染控制装置，无论是固定源还是移动源，都利用了自然大气中的一些原理。清洁过程

21、。9. Whenthevariousandsundrynaturalatmosphericcleansingmechanismsareoverwhelmedbygaseousandparticulateemissions，theeffectsofairpollutionbecomeincreasinglymoreevident。Clothingissoiled,particlesaredepositedonbuildingsandothersurfacesplantsaredamaged，visibilityisreduced，andhumanrespiratoryproblemsareinc

22、reased。Topreventtheseandotherevidenceofairpollution,itisnecessarytoestablishcontrolproceduresortoinstallcontroldevices。Butevenwiththeapplicationofthebestavailabletechnology,low-levelemissionmustultimatelyberemovedbynaturalatmosphericcleansingmechanisms°（35页）当各种各样的天然大气净化机制被气体和颗粒物的排放压倒时,空气污染的影响变得

23、越来越明显。衣服被弄脏,颗粒物沉积在建筑物和其他表面上,植物遭到破坏,能见度降低,人的呼吸系统出现问题。为了防止这些和其他空气污染的证据,有必要建立控制程序或安装控制装置。但是,即使应用了最有效的技术,低水平的排放物最终也必须通过自然的大气净化机制来消除。10. Insummary,fortreatmentofbothdomesticandindustrialwastewaters,newtechnology,newprocesses,andnewapproaches,aswellasmodificationsofoldapproaches,aretheorderoftheday。Theima

24、getodayisnolongerthatofthe“largeconcretebasins”,butoneofaseriesofcloselyintegratedunitoperations。Theseoperationsbothphysicalandchemicalinnature,mustbetailoredforeachindividualwastewater。Thechemicalengineer'sskillinintegratingtheseunitoperationsintoeffectiveprocessesmakeshimadmirablyqualifiedtode

25、signwastewatertreatmentfacilitieso（48页）综上所述,对于生活和工业废水的处理,新技术、新工艺、新方法,以及对旧方法的修改,都是当今的秩序。今天的形象不再是“大混凝土池”,而是一系列紧密结合的单元操作之一。这些操作物理和化学性质,必须为每一个单独的废水量身定制。化学工程师在将这些单元操作整合到有效的工艺中的技能,使他非常有资格设计废水处理设施。11. Someconjectureexistsastoaprecisedefinitionforphysical-chemicaltreatment。Althoughothersystemsmightbeconside

26、red,theonlyonediscussedhereischemicalclarificationfollowedbydissolvedorganicremoval。Thefirststageoftreatmentisdesignedtoprovideefficientsuspendedandcolloidalsolidremovalalongwithphosphorusremoval；thesecondoperationremovesalargepercentageofthedissolvedorganicmatter（56页）？对于物理化学处理的精确定义,存在一些猜想。虽然可以考虑其他系

27、统,但这里讨论的唯一系统是化学澄清,然后是溶解有机物去除。第一阶段处理的目的是提供有效的悬浮和胶体固体去除，以及磷去除。VAL；第二次操作可去除大部分溶解有机物。12. Biologicalreactionsmaybeclassifiedasaerobic,anaerobic,orphotosyntheticaccordingtothepredominanttypeofmicrobialactivityandallthreeareofimportanceinbiologicalprocessesusedforwastewatertreatment。Theseareseveralbasicprincipleswhicharecommontoallthreeoftheseclassifications.（59页）根据微生物的主要活性类型，生物反应可分为好氧反应、厌氧反应或光合反应，这三种反应在废水处理的生物过程中都很重要。这是三种生物反应的共同基本原则。13. Nocityorindustrylivesinisolationfromitsneighbors，andthisisparticularlytrueofthewastedischargesmatterofacomm