2019学年高二英语北师大版选修6同步练习：Unit18《Beauty》SectionⅣ课时语法精讲(含解析)

1、03 课时语法精讲语法预备役根据所学内容完成下列句子，并归纳在下列句子中所填词的特点1. When I called on Sherlock Holmes on the second morning afterChristmas, he was lying on the sofa next to some newspapers ( ()答案：序数词2.“I suppose ” I said, “thatthere is a story about that hatwhich will help you solve another mysterioucrime. ”() )答案：不定代词3. I

2、 kept the hat and Peterson had the goosefor his Christmasdinner.( )答案：冠词4. Beauty offers to replace her father and be trapped in thecastle.()答案：物主代词5. Beautys father gets lost in the forest.()答案：名词所有格语法讲座限定词限定词(DETERMINER)是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、 泛 指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一类词。现代英语中，限定词包括冠 词、形容词性物主代词、形容词性指示代词、名词属格、基数

3、词、序 数词以及量词等。一、限定词按其词汇意义可分为特指限定词、泛指限定词、定量 限定词、不定量限定词四大类这四类限定词有的能与三类名词搭配，既可与单、复数可数名词搭配，也可与不可数名词搭配。能与三类名词搭配的限定词主要有：the, my, your, etc；Johns，the old mans， etc; some, any, no, all, other,such, what(ever), which(ever), whos 等。例如：all day; all books; allmoney(1) 有些限定词只能与单数可数名词搭配，它们是a(n)，each，every, either,

4、one 等。例如：each workerevery studenteither bookneither sentencean appleone brother(2)有的只可与复数可数名词搭配,它们是both, (a) few, fewer, (the)fewest, several, these, tho,sea(great, good, etc) number of, two,three 等。例如：(a) fewwords these/those booksa number of essays(3)有的既可与单数可数名词也可与复数可数名词搭配,它们是 thefirst, the second

5、, etc; the last the next, the other, many 等。例如:(4)有些限定词只能与不可数名词搭配,它们是a bit of, a (great)both workersseveral studentstwo/three visitorsthe first rosethe last manthe next meetingthe other boymany a shipthe first rosesthe last menthe next meetingsthe other boysmany shipsa bit of watera great deal of wo

6、rkamount of, a great deal of, a little, much 等。例如：a great amount of labour(a)little spacemuch noise(5)但有的能与不可数名词及单数可数名词搭配，它们是 least，this，that 等。例如：(the) least knowledge (the) least sign (of prejudice)(6)有的能与不可数名词以及复数可数名词搭配，它们是a lot of,lots of, plenty of, enough, more, mos 等。例如：enough copies more art

7、iclesmost people注意：many 与单数可数名词搭配只出现在 manya. .这样的结构 中，例如： many a man(= many men), many a time(= manytimes 等； 此外，用 many a+单数可数名词作主语，尽管是复数意义，但其后的 动词还是要用单数形式。二、关于 much, many, (a)little, (a)few, less, least, fewer, fewest及 a lot of, lots o 等限定词与三类名词的搭配关系已在前面作了介绍， 现在归纳如下：123(the)this/that workthis/that j

8、oba lot of moneya lot of bookslots of foodlots of chickensplenty of waterplenty of chairsenough coalmore timemost work与不可数名诃搭 配much(a) littleless(the) leastci greil dCril ol a greatamount of与复数可数名词 扌菩配 many(a) few fewer(the) fewest a grtiAlnumber of several与不可数名词或 复数可数名词搭 配 more(the) most plenty of

9、alol of lots of enough注意：相对地说，few 和 little 表示否定概念，a few 和 a little 表示肯定概念，主要用于肯定句和疑问句。I have a little money/a few books Have you got a little money/a few books?三、some, any, no 等限定词的用法限定词 some，any，no 以及它们的合成词 something(body, -one,-where), anything (-body，-one, -where), nothing(-body, -where) 的用法。后者不是

10、限定词，但为了便于叙述，把两者放在这里一并处 理。some 属于肯定词，主要用于肯定句。any 属于非肯定词，主要 用于否定句、疑问句或条件分句，或用于带有半否定词或具有否定含 义的动词、形容词或介词的句子。no(= not a， not one, not any)属于否定词，用于否定句。some 和 any 既能用作限定词，也能用作不定代 词，起名词的作用；但 no 只能用作限定词，不能单独使用。There are some letters for me.There arent any letters for me.Are there any letters for me?Therere n

11、o letters for me.I seldom get any sleep.I forgot to ask any change.If you have any trouble， please let me know. 当说话人期待肯定答复时，some 也能用于疑问句。Are there some letters for me? (Im expecting some.) 常见于购物时向售货员提问或主人询问客人是否再要一些什么的 场合。Could I have some of these apples?Would you like some chocolate cake?注意：some 与单

12、数可数名词连用时，相当于 a(n)或 a certain 的含 义。Some boy has broken a window.这里的 some boy 可用 a boy 或 a certain boy 替代。要把这一用法与 some+复数可数名词的用法区别开来， 在后一用法中，some 作“一 些”解。(2) any 与单数可数名词搭配表示 every 的含义。Any child could answer that question.这里的 any 可用 every 替代。要把 any 的这一用法与 any+复数可 数名词或不可数名词的用法区别开来，在后一用法中，any 作“一些”解。(3)

13、上述 some any, no 的一些用法也适用于它们与-thing, -body, -one,-where 等的合成词。Ive bought something for you.I havent bought anything for you.Ive bought nothing for you.I was speaking to somebody.I wasnt speaking to anybody.I was speaking to nobody.强化印证完成句子1. He bought _ （一栋房子 ）. Ive been to _ （那栋房子）答案： a house; the h

14、ouse2. Thats _ （正是那个东西 ）Ive been looking for.答案： the very thing3. _ （所有学生 ）in the class went out.答案： All the students4. My hand was hurt. Could you do_打（ 些字 ） for me?答案： some typing5. They saw _其（ 他两个女孩 ） the day before yesterday.答案： both the other two girls6. I know now, of course, there is _ （没有如此

15、的事情 ） aslove.答案： no such thing考点研讨1. 2019 重庆高考 A smile costs _ ， but gives much.解题关键： 根据转折词 but。答案研讨： nothing/little 句意：微笑不会损失什么，但是却能给 予很多。根据题干中的 but 可推知设空处应为表示否定的代词，故答 案为 nothing 或little。2. 2019 江西高考They choseTom to be_captain of theteam because they knew he was _ smart leader.解题关键： 冠词的正确使用。答案研讨： t

16、he；a 句意：他们选择汤姆为这个队的队长，因为他们知道他是一个聪明的领导。第一空后的名词 captain 是特指，特指这 个队的队长，故与 the 连用；第二空后的名词 leader 表示泛指，故与 a 连用。3. 2019 山东高考改编lve lived in New York and Chicago, butdont like _ of them very much.解题关键： 根据句意，两个地点及否定词 not。答案研讨： either 句意：我在纽约及芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。not either= neither（两者都不）。4. 2019 重庆高考改编Recyc

17、ling is one way to protect theenvironment, reusing is_ .解题关键： 明确范围。答案研讨： another 考查代词用法。 句意：回收是保护环境的一种 方式；再利用是另一种方式。保护环境有很多方法， 所以从范围上来 说应是三者以上，表示三者以上， “另外的， 其他的 ”时，用 another。达标 演练 I用不定冠词 a（n）,定冠词 the,或零冠词（/）填空1._walk is expected to last all day, so bring_ packed lunch.答案： The; a2. Give them _ hand t

18、his time and I am sure they will alsooffer theirs in _return in the future.答案： a; /3. There was _ accident here about an hour ago. _car hit a tree and _driver was killed.答案： an; A; the4. You made the same mistake for _ second time, dropping_ “ r ” in the word“ preferred ”答案： a; an5. Have you heard _

19、 news? The price of _ petrol isgoing up again!答案： the; /6. There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall.答案： a; an; the7. This is _ useful book. Ive read it for _hour.答案： a; an8. _elephant is much heavier than _ horse.答案： An; a9. _doctor told him to take _ medicine three times_ day.答案： The; the; a10. I

20、ts too hot. Open _ door, please.答案： then单句语法填空（不多于 3 个单词）1. 2019 宿州高二检测Its said that two Chinese students werekilled in their car in New York this month. Yes, _ news came as _great surprise.答案： the; a 考查冠词。根据句意第一个空为上文提到的消息， 所以为特指； 第二个空 surprise 为不可数名词， 但在此为抽象名词具 体化， 表示 “ 一件令人惊讶的事 ” 。2. 2019 六安高二检测Th

21、ere_quantities of apples in thebasket and there was _ (quantity) equipment in the room.答案： were; a quantity of 考查主谓一致和量词用法。 quantities of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，所以第一个空用复数；aquantity of+不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，所以根据谓语看第 二个空用 a quantity of。3. 2019 北京高二检测Naturally I will come to you for advicewhenever I feel I need_.答

22、案： some 考查代词。根据句意在此代指前面的advice“ 建议”，为不可数名词，所以用 some 修饰。4. 2019 福州高二检测There will be_ seriesof activitieson_ Christmas Day in our school.答案：a; /考查冠词。第一个空为固定短语 a seriesof “一系列 的”；第二个空表示在圣诞节，不用冠词。5. 2019 辽宁高考To her joy, Della earned first the trust of herstudents and then _ of her colleagues.答案：that 句意：令 Della 高兴地是，她先是赢得了学生的信任， 然后赢得了同事的信任。此处代指不可数名词 “信任”，故用 that6. 20 佃南安高二检测What about todays temperature? Its the same as, if the weather report is exact as usual,ofyesterday.答案：that 考