英语八种动词时态

1、初中语法专题动词时态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去将来时时时过去过去 将来将来 态态 动作的进展情况动作的进展情况 完成完成( (动作结束动作结束) )进行进行( (正在进行动作正在进行动作) )一般一般( (一次或多次的动作一次或多次的动作) ) time现在现在 过过过过 一般过去一般过去现在完成现在完成一般现在一般现在过去进行过去进行过去完成过去完成现在进行现在进行一般将来一般将来一般现在时一般现在时概念：概念：1. 经常习惯的动作经常习惯的动作 频率词频率词2. 表示客观事实或普遍真理表示客观事实或普遍真理 Knowledge is powe

2、r. 3. 现在的状态现在的状态时时time现在现在 持续的状态持续的状态 反复的动作反复的动作 态态Language一般现在时一般现在时 常用时间状语常用时间状语 ： usually, sometimes, always, once a week，often, in spring, every day 基本结构：基本结构：be动词；行为动词动词；行为动词 否定构成：否定构成：am/is/are+not; dont+动原动原 doesnt+动原动原 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把be动词放于句首动词放于句首 Do+主语主语+动原动原+其它？其它？Yes,I do. Does+主语主语+动原动原+

3、其它？其它？No,he doesnt. 特殊疑问举例特殊疑问举例 ：What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he live? 具体什么情况下用？表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。表示客观的事实或真理。表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。-When wi

4、ll you come to see me, Dad? -I will go to see you when you _the training course.A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish D当主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加-s/es-s/es。除此之外都用动词原形。动词第三人称单数形式变化规则 1. 1. He_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle He_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2

5、 Middle School.School.2. 2. He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon.He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon.3. 3. He_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning.He_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning.4. 4. He always _(come, comes ) to school He always _(come, comes ) to school on time. o

6、n time.5. 5. He _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.He _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.6. 6. One and two _(be, is, are) three.One and two _(be, is, are) three.7. 7. Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.8. 8. The earth _(move, moves) round the sun.

7、The earth _(move, moves) round the sun.9. 9. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.tomorrow.10. 10. I will go there when I _(have, will I will go there when I _(have, will have, has) time tomorrow.have, has) time tomorr

8、ow.11. 11. He wont come to the party unless he He wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited._(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.12. 12. Ill wait here until my mother Ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back._(come, comes, will come) back.13. 13. Please

9、return the book to the library as Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.finish) reading it.14. 14. Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, you will never forget him.you w

10、ill never forget him.一般过去时概念：概念：1 1.时时过去过去 一次一次/多次多次 态态time 一般过去时明示: yesterday/ago/last./in 1990暗示: when I was a little girl/ when she put.时间状语：时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last weekago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week，in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, lon

11、g long ago, once in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.upon a time, etc.动词构成：动词构成： was/were 动词过去时（动词过去时（-ed） worked used to+动原（意思：过去常常）动原（意思：过去常常）否定形式：否定形式：was/were+not;was/were+not; didnt+动原动原 didnt work used not +动原动原 used not to work一般疑问句：一般疑问句：WasWas或或

12、WWereere放于句首；放于句首； Did+主语主语+动原动原+其它其它 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning? 谓语动词使用过去式形式，规则变化加ed，不规则变化见下表。He_(be, was, were, been) here a He_(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago.moment ago.They _(be, was, were, been) here just They _(be, was, were, been) here just

13、now.now.The scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, The scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday.left) for America yesterday.Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Science Museum.Science Museum.When I was a child, I often _(play, When I was a child

14、, I often _(play, played) football.played) football.The students ran out of the classroom as The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).一般将来时u willu be going tou be to doube about to dotime现在现在 将来将来 一般将来时安排好、有计安排好、有计划做某事划做某事即将做某

15、事即将做某事will,shall+will,shall+动词原形（其中动词原形（其中shallshall只用于第只用于第一人称），表示无计划将要做某事。一人称），表示无计划将要做某事。be going to +be going to +动词原形，表示按计划，安动词原形，表示按计划，安排要发生的事情。排要发生的事情。 be to +be to +动词原形，表示命令动词原形，表示命令 be about to + be about to +动原，意为立马发生的事。动原，意为立马发生的事。某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come, go, arrive, leaveco

16、me, go, arrive, leave等表示开始或移动意等表示开始或移动意义的词义的词。时间状语：时间状语：Tomorrow, next Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. after tomorrow, etc. ：主语：主语+am/is/are not going to do +am/is/are not going to

17、 do ；主语；主语+will/shall not do+will/shall not do+其他其他 ：1 1、bebe放于句首；放于句首； 2 2、will/shallwill/shall提到句首。提到句首。 She will be back in three days.She will be back in three days.（肯定）（肯定） She will not be back in three days.She will not be back in three days.（否定）（否定） Will She be back in three days?Will She be

18、back in three days?（一般疑问句）（一般疑问句）They are going to clean their classroom.They are going to clean their classroom.（肯定（肯定) ) They are not going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. （否定）（否定） Are they going to clean their classroom?Are they going to clean their classroo

19、m?（一般疑问句）（一般疑问句）特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:What will you do tomorrow?What will you do tomorrow?When are we going to have a class meeting?When are we going to have a class meeting? 注意：注意：在在if（译为如果）（译为如果）条件状语从句，或条件状语从句，或as soon as（一（一就）等就）等时间状语从句中用时间状语从句中用一般一般现在时现在时代替代替一般将来时一般将来时。1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A W

20、ill; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D in4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B s

21、hall C do D are5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish 补充内容：补充内容： in加时间段，用于将来时，表示将来一段时间后。加时间段，用于将来时，表示将来一段时间后。 after加时间段，用于过去时，表示从过去某个时加时间段，用于过去时，表示从过去某个时间点算起一段时间后。另外，间点算起一段时间后。另外，after还可接时间点，还可接时间点，既可用于将来时也可用于过去时。例：既可用于将来时也可用

22、于过去时。例：He will be back in two days. 他两天后会回来的。他两天后会回来的。He came back after two days. 他两天后回来了。他两天后回来了。He came back after two oclock.他两点后回来了。他两点后回来了。He will come back after two oclock.他两点后会回他两点后会回来的。来的。 6 There _some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It

23、_my brothers birthday tomorrow. He _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is B is going to be C will be D will to be 过去将来时过去将来过去将来 time过去过去 现在现在 过去将来时 用法：用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态

24、从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态常用时间状语：常用时间状语：the next week等等动词构成：动词构成： 1、would/should+动原动原 2、 was/were going to+动原动原 3、was/were (about) to+动原动原以以work为例：为例：would/should work was/were going to work was/were (about) to work否定构成：否定构成：would/should not was/were not 特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next

25、week. 1.I told my friend that I _ (should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon.2.They looked at those clouds over the sky. It_(is going to rain, was going to rain).3.They said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day.4.We _(are about to go, were about to go) out when it sta

26、rted to rain.现在进行时过去进行时time现在现在 时时态态现在/过去 进行时过去过去 现在进行时：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。现在进行时：现在进行时：时间状语：时间状语：Now, at this time, days, lookNow, at this time, days, look， listen listen等时间状语做标志。等时间状语做标志。动词构成动词构成 ： am/is/are+现在分词现在分词(-ing) am/is/are working否定构成否定构成 ：am/is/are+not+现在分词现在分词 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语主

27、语+现在分词现在分词 + 其它？其它？ 回答：回答：Yes,I am (he is.) No, they arent 特殊疑问举例：特殊疑问举例：What are you doing now? Who is flying a kite there?1) 1)、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动作，强调作，强调“此时此刻此时此刻”。 E.g. He is reading . E.g. He is reading . They are talking now. They are talking now.2) 2)、当前一段时间内正在进行的动作、当前一段时间内正在进行的动

28、作E.g. They are working these days.E.g. They are working these days.3) 3)、 某些动词的现在进行时，表某些动词的现在进行时，表预定预定的计划的计划或或即将发生的动作即将发生的动作。例如：例如：go,come,leave,arrive,returngo,come,leave,arrive,returnE.g I am coming.E.g I am coming.1.I _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now.2.Look, it _(begin,

29、is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain.3.They _(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days.4.He _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.概念：概念：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作时间状语时间

30、状语: :at this time yesterday, at that timeat this time yesterday, at that time或以或以whenwhen引引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构基本结构 主语主语+was/were +doing +was/were +doing +其他其他 例：例：was/were workingwas/were working否定形式：否定形式：主语主语+was/were+ not +doing+was/were+ not +doing+其他其他一般疑问句一般疑问句: Was/Were

31、+Was/Were+主语主语+ +现在分词现在分词+ +其它？其它？ Yes, I was.Yes, I was. No, I wasnt.No, I wasnt.特殊疑问句举例：特殊疑问句举例：What were you dong this time yesterday? What were you dong this time yesterday? Where was he standing when the teacherWhere was he standing when the teacher came in?came in?过去进行时过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 l

32、ast night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。1.I _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived.2.What _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening?3.We_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the door

33、bell rang.4.While/ When/ As we_( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the doorbell rang.现在完成时用法：用法：1. 过去发生的动作，对过去发生的动作，对现在现在有有影响影响 现在完成时现在现在 time过去过去2. 从过去从过去持续持续到现在的动作到现在的动作现现 在在 time过去过去用法用法: 1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作, 强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响. 2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作、从过去一直延续到现在的动作常用时间状语：常用

34、时间状语：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+过去的点过去的点 时间时间,for+段时间段时间动词构成：动词构成：have/has+过去分词过去分词(-ed) have/has worked否定构成：否定构成：have/has not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：What have you done recently? How long has he lived in Beijing?备注：备注：非延

35、续性动词不能与非延续性动词不能与for, since,How long等等 表示段时间表示段时间 的短语同时使用。的短语同时使用。 非延续性动词在时间上没有延续性，常见的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，这些动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 有些同学错误地认为这类非延续性动词不能用于完成时态中。其实，错误的本质在于非延续性动词与时

36、间段的错误搭配，与现在完成时态无关。 在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：He has fallen asleep for an hour.他睡了一小时了。（）His father has died for three years.他父亲去世三年了。（）当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：（1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如： He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则

37、为状态动词，可延续。） His father has been dead for three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。） have been to a place意思是“到过、去过”，表示去了回来了；have gone to a place表示“去了”，表示去了还没回来。You have _ a tall young man. A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up2. He has _ the watch for a year. A buy B bought C have D

38、 had3. Has your brother _ the dog? A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on4. I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept5. Have you ever _to the Great Wall? Its very beautiful. A gone B been C went D go 6. Her brother _the Party since 1978. A joined B

39、 has joined C has been in D was in 7. The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China. A will visit B visited C have visited D visit8 Im sorry, I _ your name. A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten9 The bookshop _ for eight years. A has been open B has been opened C has o

40、pened D has open10 We have all the paper so we need to buy some.A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for11 The flower I _grown up. A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted巧解现在完成时态题巧解现在完成时态题(1) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,多和表示一段时间的状语连用:for+一段时间;since+点时间(since作连词后接从句时,该从句要用一般过去时)

41、 。(2) 现在完成时态也用在含有during / in/ over the last years或in recent years等的句子中。趁热打铁1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors 1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995. since 1995. attracted B. attracts attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attrac

42、t C. has attracted D. will attract 2. How long _ you _ here? 2. How long _ you _ here? For about two years so far. For about two years so far.have, studied B. did, live have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming C. do, stay D. were, swimming 3. How is your father? I _him for a long tim

43、e.He is fine, but busy.3. How is your father? I _him for a long time.He is fine, but busy.dont see B. hadnt seen dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen C. didnt see D. havent seen 4. Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she 4. Meimei has received several letters fr

44、om her hometown since she _ to the city._ to the city. A. cameB. comes C. has comeD. will come A. cameB. comes C. has comeD. will come (1) 在做时态题时,注意观察句中是否有常用于现在完成时的副词:yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since等。(2) 句型:It has been + 段时间+since + 过去时. 也可以表示为: It is + 段时间+si

45、nce + 过去时.What are you going to do this weekend? What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet. I _ yet.havent decided B. wont decide havent decided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks 2. My mother _ th

46、e windows already, so the room looks much brighter. much brighter. has cleaned B. had cleaned has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean C. is cleaning D. will clean 3. It _ ten years since we last _ in Beijing. 3. It _ ten years since we last _ in Beijing. was, met B. has been, met was

47、, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet C. was, meet D. is, meet 4. How long has the weather been like this? 4. How long has the weather been like this? _. _.Until last night B. Ever since last night Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later C. Two days ago

48、D. Two days later have been to 曾经去过某处(现在已经不在那个地方,强调以前的经历)have gone to去了某处(强调主语已经离开说话者所在的地方,现在还没有回来) 趁热打铁1. Is that Jack speaking? 1. Is that Jack speaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He _ the cinema Sorry, he isnt in right now. He _ the cinema with his aunt. with his aunt. has been to B. has gone

49、to has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 2. Hello, may I speak to your father, please? 2. Hello, may I speak to your father, please? Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went there Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went there this morning. this mor

50、ning. A. goes B. has gone C. has beenD. go A. goes B. has gone C. has beenD. go 3. How many times _ you _ to Beijing 3. How many times _ you _ to Beijing this year? this year? Three times. Three times. have, been B. had, been have, been B. had, been C. have, goneC. have, gone D. had gone延续性动词是指那些动作可

51、以持续的动词。如:have, keep, study, live, teach等。非延续性动词是指那些动作瞬间完成的动词。如:begin, buy, borrow, lend等。做题时,要注意句中是否有段时间,如果有则用延续性动词。趁热打铁1. Oh, Mrs. King, your dress looks nice. Is it new? 1. Oh, Mrs. King, your dress looks nice. Is it new? No, I _ it since two years ago. No, I _ it since two years ago. had B. bough

52、t had B. bought C. have had D. have boughtC. have had D. have bought2. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. 2. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. has lent B. has borrowed has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had C. has bought D. has had 3. How long has the foreigner _ here? 3. How long has th

53、e foreigner _ here? He has _ here for several hours. He has _ here for several hours. arrived; come B. come; got arrived; come B. come; got C. stayed; been D. left; been away C. stayed; been D. left; been away 4. The film _ for half an hour. 4. The film _ for half an hour. has begun B. has been begu

54、n has begun B. has been begun C. has been on D. beganC. has been on D. began过去完成时u“过去的过去过去的过去”双重过去双重过去过去完成时过去过去 time过过过过 明示：明示：过去时间词过去时间词暗示：暗示：过去的动作过去的动作用法：用法：1、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作、过去某时间或动作之前完成的动作或状态或状态(过去的过去过去的过去)。2、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间、过去某一时间的动作延续到过去另一时间常用时间状语：常用时间状语： by that time, by the end of , when/

55、before+ 从句从句,动词构成动词构成:had+过去分词过去分词(-ed)以以work为例：为例： had worked否定构成否定构成:had not+过去分词过去分词一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+其它？其它？ Yes,I had. No,I hadnt.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句： How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?注意：注意：过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在

56、。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.1. We _(have read, had read) 500 stories by 1. We _(have read, had read) 500 stories by the end of last term.the end of last term.2. He said that they _(have arrived, had

57、 2. He said that they _(have arrived, had arrived) an hour before.arrived) an hour before.3. After /When he _(has done, had done) 3. After /When he _(has done, had done) his job, he went to bed.his job, he went to bed.4. I waited till he _(has finished, had 4. I waited till he _(has finished, had fi

58、nished) his work.finished) his work.5. When I got there, he _(has been, had 5. When I got there, he _(has been, had been) away for half an hour.been) away for half an hour.6. I went back to the classroom because I 6. I went back to the classroom because I _(have left, had left) my dictionary there._

59、(have left, had left) my dictionary there.回顾一下吧回顾一下吧 下面请同学们一起来回顾一下各种时态的基本用法、构成形式以及常见的标志词或时间状语。 用所给动词的正确时态形式填空。用所给动词的正确时态形式填空。1. My brother usually 1. My brother usually (like) watching TV (like) watching TV very much.very much.2. Ill call you up at once as soon as 2. Ill call you up at once as soon

60、as she_ (come).she_ (come).3. Listen! Some girls _(sing) in the 3. Listen! Some girls _(sing) in the next room.next room.4. There _(be) heave rain the day after 4. There _(be) heave rain the day after tomorrow.tomorrow.5. I _ (go) with you to the cinema this 5. I _ (go) with you to the cinema this a