(完整版)心理学专业英语复习资料

1、心理学专业英语复习资料I.TranslatetheFollowingEnglishPhrasesintoChinese1. ResearchMethods研究方法2. Psychophysics心理物理学3. TheoriesofLearning学习理论4. SocialCognition社会认知5. PersonalityTest人格测试6. ExtraneousVariable无关变量7. LongitudinalStudy纵向研究8. CrystallizedIntelligence晶体智力9. Motorcontrol运动控制10. CorpusCallosum月并月氐体11. Gro

2、upThinking群体思维12. SocialLoafing社会懈怠13. SocialExchange社会交换14. SocialApproval社会赞许15. DiffusionofResponsibility责任分散16. RecencyEffec近因血应17. TraceDecay痕迹消退18. RetrogradeAmnesia倒摄遗忘19. SocialSupport社会支持20. Self-efficacy自我效能21. CaseStudy个案研究II.TranslatetheFollowingChineseWordGroupsintoEnglish1 .机能主义functio

3、nalism2 .自我实现selfactualization3 .一般规律研究法nomotheticmethod4 .分层抽样stratifiedsampling5 .外在信度externalreliability6 .选择性注意selectiveattention7 .知觉恒常性perceptualconstancy8 .自我概念selfconcept9 .液体智力fluidintelligence10 .安全型依恋secureattachment11 .性另U图示genderschema12 .亲社会行为prosocialbehavior13 .从众实验conformityexperime

4、nt14 .头脑风暴brainstorming15 .社会助长socialfacilitation16 .旁观者效应bystandereffect17 .标准差standarddeviation18 .柱状图barchart19 .正态分布normaldistribution20 .临界值criticalvalue21 .知觉适应perceptualadaptationIII.MultipleChoices1. LikeCarlRogers,Ibelievepeoplechoosetolivemorecreativeandmeaningfullives.Mynameisa. Wertheime

5、r.b. Washburn.c. Skinner.d. Maslow.2. Thegoalsofpsychologyaretoa. developeffectivemethodsofpsychotherapy.b. describe,predict,understand,andcontrolbehavior.c. explainthefunctioningofthehumanmind.d. compare,analyze,andcontrolhumanbehavior.3. The"father"ofpsychologyandfounderofthefirstpsychol

6、ogicallaboratorywasa. WilhelmWundt.b. SigmundFreud.c. JohnB.Watson.d. B.F.Skinner.4. Youseeapsychologistandtellherthatyouarefeelingdepressed.Shetalkstoyouaboutthegoalsyouhaveforyourself,aboutyourimageofyourself,andaboutthechoicesthatyoumakeinyourlifeandthatyoucouldmakeinyourlife.Thispsychologistwoul

7、dprobablybelongtotheschoolofpsychology.a. humanisticb. psychodynamicc. behavioristicd. Gestalt5. Biopsychologistsa. limitthescopeoftheirstudytoanimals.b. areconcernedwithself-actualizationandfreewill.c. stresstheunconsciousaspectofbehavior.d. attempttoexplainbehaviorintermsofbiologicalorphysicalmech

8、anisms.6. Inastudyofeffectsofalcoholondrivingability,thecontrolgroupshouldbegivena. ahighdosageofalcohol.b. one-halfthedosagegiventheexperimentalgroup.c. adrivingtestbeforeandafterdrinkingalcohol.d. noalcoholatall.7. Thephrase"atheorymustalsobefalsifiable"meansa. researchersmisrepresentthe

9、irdata.b. atheorymustbedefinedsoitcanbedisconfirmed.c. theoriesarearicharrayofobservationsregardingbehaviorbutwithfewfactstosupportthem.d. nothing.8. Acommonmethodforselectingrepresentativesamplesistoselectthema. randomlyfromthelargerpopulation.b. strictlyfromvolunteers.c. bythreateningorcoercingins

10、titutionalizedpopulations.d. fromconfidentiallistsofmailorderfirms.9. Thechieffunctionofthecontrolgroupinanexperimentisthatita. allowsmathematicalrelationshipstobeestablished.b. providesapointofreferenceagainstwhichthebehavioroftheexperimentalgroupcanbecompared.c. balancestheexperimenttoeliminateall

11、extraneousvariables.d. isnotreallynecessary.10. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesadouble-blindexperimentalprocedure?a. Allsubjectsgettheexperimentalprocedure.b. Halfthesubjectsgettheexperimentalprocedure,halftheplacebo;whichtheyreceiveisknownonlytotheexperimenter.c. Halfthesubjectsgettheexperimentalp

12、rocedure,halftheplacebo;whichtheyreceiveisnotknowntosubjectsorexperimenters.d. Allsubjectsgetthecontrolprocedure.11. Asimpleexperimenthastwogroupsofsubjectscalleda. thedependentgroupandtheindependentgroup.b. theextraneousgroupandtheindependentgroup.c. thebeforegroupandtheaftergroup.d. thecontrolgrou

13、pandtheexperimentalgroup.12. Oneofthelimitationsofthesurveymethodisa. observerbias.b. thatitsetsupanartificialsituation.c. thatrepliesmaynotbeaccurate.d. theself-fulfillingprophecy.13. Toreplicateanexperimentmeanstoa. usecontrolgroupsandexperimentalgroups.b. usestatisticstodeterminetheeffectofchance

14、.c. controlfortheeffectsofextraneousvariables.d. repeattheexperimentusingeitheridenticalorimprovedresearchmethods.14. Informationpickedupbythebody'sreceptorcellsistermeda. cognitionb. perception.c. adaptation.d. sensation.15. Theincomingflowofinformationfromoursensorysystemsisreferredtoasa. sens

15、ation.b. perception.c. adaptation.d. cognition.16. Aresearcherpresentstwolightsofvaryingbrightnesstoasubjectwhoisaskedtorespond"same"or"different"bycomparingtheirintensities.Theresearcherisseekingthea.justnoticeabledifference.b. absolutethreshold.c. subliminalthreshold.d. minimal

16、threshold.17. Filmistocameraasistoeye.a. retinab. irisc. lensd. pupil18. Blackandwhitevisionwithgreatestsensitivityunderlowlevelsofilluminationdescribesthefunctionofa. thecones.b. thevisualpigments.c. therods.d. thephosphenes.19. Unpleasantstimulimayraisethethresholdforrecognition.Thisphenomenonisca

17、lleda.aversivestimulation.b. absolutethreshold.c. perceptualdefense.d. unconsciousguard.20. Wheninfantsareplacedinthemiddleofavisualcliff,theyusuallya. remainstill.b. movetotheshallowsideoftheapparatus.c. movetothedeepsideoftheapparatus.d. approachtheirmotherswhencalled,whetherthatrequiresmovingtoth

18、eshallowordeepside.21. Thefactthatobjectsthatareneareachothertendtobegroupedtogetherisknownasa. closure.b. continuation.c. similarity.d. nearness.22. Anabilityto"read"anotherperson'smindistermeda. clairvoyance.b. telepathy.c. precognition.d. psychokinesis.23. Thefactthatinfantswillofte

19、ncrawlofftablesorbedsshowsthata. depthperceptioniscompletelylearned.b. humandepthperceptionemergesatabout4monthsofage.c. integrationofdepthperceptionwithmotorskillshasnotyetbeenaccomplished.d. depthperceptioniscompletelyinnate.24. Sensationsareorganizedintomeaningfulperceptionsbya. perceptualconstan

20、cies.b. localizationofmeaning.c. perceptualgrouping(Gestalt)principles.d. sensoryadaptation.25. Theanalysisofinformationstartingwithfeaturesandbuildingintoacompleteperceptionisknownasa. perceptualexpectancy.b. top-downprocessing.c. bottom-upprocessing.d. Gregory'sphenomenon.26. Onerecommendedway

21、forparentstohandleproblemsofoccasionalbedwettinginchildrenistoa. limittheamountofwatertheydrinkintheevening.b. punishthemfor"wet"nights.c. wakethemupduringthenighttousethetoilet.d. considermedicationorpsychotherapy.27. Teachers,peers,andadultsoutsidethehomebecomeimportantinshapingattitudes

22、towardoneselfinErikson'sstageofa.trustversusmistrust.b. initiativeversusguilt.c. industryversusinferiority.d. integrityversusdespair.28. Withagingthereisadeclineofintelligence,butnotofintelligence.a. fluid;fixedb. fixed;fluidc. fluid;crystallizedd. crystallized;fluid29. Thesinglemostimportantthi

23、ngyoumightdoforadyingpersonistoa. avoiddisturbingthatpersonbynotmentioningdeath.b. allowthatpersontotalkaboutdeathwithyou.c. tellthatpersonaboutthestagesofdying.d. keepyourvisitsshortandinfrequentinordertoavoidtiringthatperson.30. Thefive-factormodelofpersonalityincludesa. socialinteractionism.b. ne

24、uroticism.c. agreeableness.d. senseofhumor.31. Anadjectivechecklistwouldmostlikelybeusedbyaa. psychodynamictherapist.b. behaviorist.c. humanistictherapist.d. traittheorist.32. Jungbelievedthattherearebasicuniversalconceptsinallpeopleregardlessofculturecalleda.persona.b. collectiveconsciousness.c. ar

25、chetypes.d. mandalas.33. Behavioristsaretotheexternalenvironmentashumanistsaretoa. stress.b. personalgrowth.c. humankind.d. internalconflicts.34. Self-actualizationreferstoa. atendencythatcauseshumanpersonalityproblems.b. whatitisthatmakescertainmenandwomenfamous.c. anyonewhoismakingfulluseofhisorhe

26、rpotentials.d. therequirementsnecessaryforbecomingfamous,academicallydistinguished,orrich.35. Ifyouwereaskedtodescribethepersonalityofyourbestfriend,andyousaidshewasoptimistic,reserved,andfriendly,youwouldbeusingtheapproach.a. psychodynamicb. analyticalc. humanisticd. trait36. Thehaloeffectreferstoa

27、. thetechniqueinwhichthefrequencyofvariousbehaviorsisrecorded.b. theuseofambiguousorunstructuredstimuli.c. theprocessofadmittingexperienceintoconsciousness.d. thetendencytogeneralizeafavorableorunfavorablefirstimpressiontounrelateddetailsofpersonality.37.Atruckgetsstuckunderabridge.Severaltow-trucks

28、areunabletopullitout.Atlastalittleboywalksupandasksthered-facedadultstryingtofreethetruckwhytheyhaven'tlettheairoutofthetruck'stires.Theiroversightwasduetoa.divergentthinking.b. cognitivestyle.c. synesthesia.d. fixation.38. thinkinggoesfromspecificfactstogeneralprinciples.a. Deductiveb. Indu

29、ctivec. Divergentd. Convergent39. Inmostanxietydisorders,theperson'sdistressisa. focusedonaspecificsituation.b. relatedtoordinarylifestresses.c. greatlyoutofproportiontothesituation.d. basedonaphysicalcause.40. Theantisocialpersonalitya. avoidsotherpeopleasmuchaspossible.b. isrelativelyeasytotre

30、ateffectivelybypsychotherapy.c. tendstobeselfishandlackingremorse.d. usuallygivesabadfirstimpression.41. Onewhoisquiteconcernedwithorderliness,perfectionism,andarigidroutinemightbeclassifiedasa(n)personality.a. histrionicb. obsessive-compulsivec. schizoidd. avoidant42. Inpsychoanalysis,patientsavoid

31、talkingaboutcertainsubjects.Thisiscalleda. avoidance.b. transference.c. analysis.d. resistance.43. Inpsychoanalysis,anemotionalattachmenttothetherapistthatsymbolicallyrepresentsotherimportantrelationshipsiscalleda.resistance.b. transference.c. identification.d. empathy.44. Inaversiontherapyapersonto

32、associateastrongaversionwithanundesirablehabit.a. knowsb. learnsc. wantsd. hopes45. Behaviormodificationinvolvesa. applyingnon-directivetechniquessuchasunconditionalpositiveregardtoclients.b. psychoanalyticapproachestospecificbehaviordisturbances.c. theuseoflearningprinciplestochangebehavior.d. theu

33、seofinsighttherapytochangeupsettingthoughtsandbeliefs.46. Acognitivetherapistisconcernedprimarilywithhelpingclientschangetheira. thinkingpatterns.b. behaviors.c. life-styles.d.habits.47.isbestknownforhisresearchonconformity.a. Aschb. Rubinc. Schachterd. Zimbardo48. SolomonAsch'sclassicexperiment

34、(inwhichsubjectsjudgedastandardlineandcomparisonlines)wasarrangedtotestthelimitsofa. socialperception.b. indoctrination.c. coercivepower.d. conformity.49. Aggressionisbestdefinedasa. hostility.b. anger.c. anyactioncarriedoutwiththeintentofharminganotherperson.d. noneofthese50. Whichofthefollowingist

35、helongeststageofgrievingformostpeople?a. shockb. angerc. depressiond. agitation51. WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartofthedefinitionofpsychology?A)scienceB)therapyC)behaviorD)mentalprocess52. ThetermpsychopathologyreferstoA) thestudyofpsychology.B) studyofpsychologicaldisorders.C) thedistinctionbetweenpsy

36、chologistsandpsychiatrists.D) thefocusofcounselingpsychology.53. Inwhichareaofpsychologywouldaresearcherinterestedinhowindividualspersisttoattainadifficultgoal(likegraduatingfromcollege)mostlikelyspecialize?A)motivationandemotionB)physiologicalpsychologyC)socialpsychologyD)communitypsychology54. Aps

37、ychologistwhofocusedonthewaysinwhichpeople'sfamilybackgroundrelatedtotheircurrentfunctioningwouldbeassociatedwithwhichpsychologicalapproach?A)thebehavioralapproachB) thepsychodynamicapproachC) thehumanisticapproachD) thecognitiveapproach55. TheresearchermostassociatedwithfunctionalismisA)William

38、James.B) WilhelmWundt.C) CharlesDarwin.D)E.B.Titchener.56. Apsychologistisattemptingtounderstandwhycertainphysicalcharacteristicsareratedasattractive.Thepsychologistexplainsthatcertaincharacteristicshavebeenhistoricallyadaptive,andthusareconsideredattractive.Thisexplanationisconsistentwithwhichofthe

39、followingapproaches?A)thesocioculturalapproachB) thehumanisticapproachC) thecognitiveapproachD) theevolutionaryapproach57. Whichapproachwouldexplaindepressionintermsofdisorderedthinking?A)thehumanisticapproachB) theevolutionaryapproachC) thecognitiveapproachD) thesocioculturalapproach58. Whichofthef

40、ollowingwouldasocioculturalpsychologistbelikelytostudy?A)theimpactofmediamessagesonwomen'sbodyimageB) thewayinwhichneurotransmittersareimplicatedinthedevelopmentofeatingdisordersC) theimpactofthinkingpatternsonweightmanagementD) thebenefitsofexerciseinpreventingobesity59. Whyispsychologyconsider

41、edascience?A) Itfocusesoninternalmentalprocesses.B) Itclassifiesmentaldisorders.C) Itfocusesonobservation,drawingconclusions,andprediction.D) Itfocusesonbehavior.60. Whyisitimportanttostudypositivepsychology?A) Psychologistsareonlyinterestedintheexperiencesofhealthypersons.B) Wegetafullerunderstandi

42、ngofhumanexperiencebyfocusingonbothpositiveandnegativeaspectsoflife.C) Negativeexperiencesinpeople'slivestelluslittleaboutpeople'smentalprocesses.D) PsychologyhasbeentoofocusedonthenegativeIV.Blankfilling1. Theperspectivethatfocusesonhowperceptionisorganizediscalledpsychology.2. A(n)isabroad

43、explanationandpredictionconcerningaphenomenonofinterest.3. Thevariableisexpectedtochangeasaresultoftheexperimenter'smanipulation.4. Billrefusestoleavehishousebecauseheknowsspidersliveoutside.Billismostclearlysufferingfroma5. Learnedmaydevelopwhenapersonisrepeatedlyexposedtonegativeeventsoverwhic

44、hhe/shehasnocontrol.6. Troublesomethoughtsthatcauseapersontoengageinritualisticbehaviorsarecalled.7. Psychologistsconsiderdeviant,maladaptive,andpersonallydistressfulbehaviorstobe8. Kenisimpulsive,reckless,andshowsnoremorsewhenhehurtsotherpeople.Heisoftenintroublewiththelaw.Kevinismostlikelytobediag

45、nosedwithpersonalitydisorder.9. Theresearcherknownasthe"fatherofmodernpsychology"wasWilhelm.10. Askingsomeonetothinkabouttheirconsciousexperiencewhilelisteningtopoetrywouldbeanexampleof.11. ThefieldofpsychologythatisinterestedinworkplacebehavioriscalledIndustrialandpsychology.12. isastatis

46、ticthatmeasuresthestrengthoftherelationshipbetweentwovariables.13. Inasetofdata,thenumberthatoccursmostofteniscalledthe.14. Inasetofdata,theaveragescoreiscalledthe.15. Astudythatcollectsdatafromparticipantsoveraperiodoftimeisknownasa(n).16. Thevariablethataresearchermanipulatesiscalledthevariable.17

47、. statisticsareusedtotestahypothesis.18. Amentalframeworkforhowapersonwillthinkaboutsomethingiscalleda.19. Rapidskeletalandsexualdevelopmentthatbeginstooccuraroundagesninetoeleveniscalled.20. Ageneralizationaboutagroupthatdoesnottakeintoaccountdifferencesamongmembersofthatgroupiscalleda(n).21. Feeli

48、ngthesamewayasanother,orputtingyourselfinsomeoneelse'sshoes,iscalled.22. Feelingsoropinionsaboutpeople,objects,andideasarecalled.23. Whenyousawamovieinacrowdedtheateryoufoundyourselflaughingoutloudwitheveryoneelse.Whenyousawitathome,though,youstillfounditfunnybutdidn'tlaughasmuch.Thisisanexa

49、mpleofcontagion.24. WhenCarlosfirstsatnexttoBrendainclasshedidn'tthinkmuchofher.Aftersittingnexttohereverydayforamonthhereallylikesher.Thisisbestexplainedbytheeffect.V.Trueorfalse(10points,1pointeach)1Positivepsychologyisnotinterestedinthenegativethingsthathappeninpeople'slives.A) TrueB) Fal

50、se2Thebehavioralapproachisinterestedinthewaysthatindividualsfromdifferentculturesbehave.A)TrueB)False3. Developmentalpsychologistsfocussolelyonthedevelopmentofchildren.A) TrueB) False4. Psychologistsstudybehaviorandmentalprocesses.A) TrueB) False5. Meta-analysisexaminesmanystudiestodrawaconclusionaboutaneffect.A) TrueB) False6. The50thpercentileisthesameasthemedian.A) TrueB) False7. Thestandarddeviationisameasureofcentraltendency.A) TrueB) Fals