Lecture 11 汉英科技翻译常见问题(1) 科技翻译

1、第十一章第十一章 汉英科技翻译常见问题（一）汉英科技翻译常见问题（一） n汉英科技翻译是从母语译入英语，表达难度汉英科技翻译是从母语译入英语，表达难度更大，而且具有不同的特点，所以我们从问更大，而且具有不同的特点，所以我们从问题出发来进行讨论。题出发来进行讨论。一、违反一致性原则一、违反一致性原则（agreement）n在英语中主语与谓语必须保持一致，代在英语中主语与谓语必须保持一致，代词与其先行词（词与其先行词（antecedent）在性（）在性（gender）、数（）、数（number）上必须保持）上必须保持一致，句子的时态也要保持一致，汉译一致，句子的时态也要保持一致，汉译英时务必注意。

2、英时务必注意。n1. 当他获得这些证据之后，就得出了以下结当他获得这些证据之后，就得出了以下结论。论。n？After he had obtained these evidences, he drew the following conclusion.n改译改译1： After he had obtained the evidence, he drew the following conclusion.n改译改译2：Having obtained the evidence, he drew the following conclusion.n2. 近来在超导体研究方面做了大量工作。近来在超导体研

3、究方面做了大量工作。n？Much have been done recently in the researches on superconductors. n改译：改译：Much has been done recently in the research on superconductors 3. 关键问题攻克之后，其他问题就迎刃关键问题攻克之后，其他问题就迎刃而解了。而解了。n？After the key problem had been overcome, the rest was easily solved.n改译：改译： After the key problem had been

4、 overcome, the rest were easily solved.二、搭配问题二、搭配问题n英语词语搭配往往是固定的，不可随意改动英语词语搭配往往是固定的，不可随意改动。搭配涉及动词、名词、介词等等。搭配涉及动词、名词、介词等等。n1. 目前生物工程的研发主要集中在基因工程目前生物工程的研发主要集中在基因工程产品的开发上。产品的开发上。n? The recent R&D of bioengineering is focused in the development of genetic engineering products. n改译：改译： The recent R&a

5、mp;D of bioengineering is focused on the development of genetic engineering products. n2. 中国生物学家也在考虑加强生物多样性中国生物学家也在考虑加强生物多样性的研究。的研究。n？Chinese biologists are also considering to strengthen the research on biodiversity. n改译：改译： Chinese biologists are also considering strengthening the research on biod

6、iversity. n3. 每隔一天给植株浇水一次。每隔一天给植株浇水一次。n？Plants were watered in alternate days.n改译：改译：Plants were watered on alternate days /every other day. n4. 新的栽培品种比普通品种更加耐旱，且能新的栽培品种比普通品种更加耐旱，且能节水节水15%。n? The new cultivar is more tolerant to drought and can save 15% water comparing with the ordinary cultivars.n改

7、译：改译： The new cultivar is more tolerant of drought and can save 15% water compared with the ordinary cultivars.三、抽象名词、范畴词的翻译三、抽象名词、范畴词的翻译n（一）抽象名词。一般认为，写作时应尽量（一）抽象名词。一般认为，写作时应尽量少用抽象名词（少用抽象名词（abstract nouns），这一），这一点同样适用于科技文体。但这并不是说抽象点同样适用于科技文体。但这并不是说抽象名词绝对不能使用，只是在翻译时应尽量避名词绝对不能使用，只是在翻译时应尽量避免抽象名词，多使用动词和

8、具体名词（免抽象名词，多使用动词和具体名词（ concrete noun ）试比较下列各句，说出其中的差异试比较下列各句，说出其中的差异 第一组：第一组： 1. Separation of A from B was effected.n2. A was separated from B.n We separated A from B. n（第二句更简明）（第二句更简明） n n第二组：第二组：n1. The prolongation of the existence of this temple is due to the solidity of its construction.n2. Th

9、is temple has endured because it was solidly built.n（第二句更简明，意义也没有损失。）（第二句更简明，意义也没有损失。）n如果出现这种情况，只需用螺丝刀拧紧螺丝如果出现这种情况，只需用螺丝刀拧紧螺丝，如果不拧紧螺丝，就会导致把手脱落。，如果不拧紧螺丝，就会导致把手脱落。nA. In such a case, simple application of a screwdriver should be used to tighten screw. Failure to tighten the screw can eventually lead t

10、o disengagement of the handle. nB. If this happens, simply tighten the screw with a screwdriver; otherwise, the handle may come off.n（二）范畴词。我们在汉语中习惯使用（二）范畴词。我们在汉语中习惯使用一些范畴词（一些范畴词（category nouns)（如问（如问题、情况、行为、现象、工作等），这题、情况、行为、现象、工作等），这类名词其实只是对所涉及的具体名词的类名词其实只是对所涉及的具体名词的归类，说明该具体名词所属的范畴。范归类，说明该具体名词所属的范畴

11、。范畴词如果译成英语并不具备实义，而只畴词如果译成英语并不具备实义，而只会成为累赘，因此翻译时通常可以省略会成为累赘，因此翻译时通常可以省略不译。不译。n如：如：n1.我们要杜绝旷课我们要杜绝旷课现象现象。n2. 他们正在大力改进教学他们正在大力改进教学工作工作。n试译下句试译下句n1. 发展保护区事业对建设可持续发展的社会很发展保护区事业对建设可持续发展的社会很重要。重要。n？The development of the cause of the protected area is important to building a sustained society.n改译：改译：To dev

12、elop the protection zone is important to building a sustainable society.n2. 日本的近海石油开发机器人能完成目日本的近海石油开发机器人能完成目视检查、清除海生物工作。视检查、清除海生物工作。nA. Japanese offshore oil drilling robots can complete the work of visual inspection and removal of marine organisms. nB. Japanese offshore oil drilling robots are capa

13、ble of visual inspection and removal of marine organisms. 四、标点问题四、标点问题n标点符号对书面语言的表达非常重要，标点符号对书面语言的表达非常重要，而且在英语中的使用比汉语严格，所以而且在英语中的使用比汉语严格，所以汉译英时要引起注意。汉译英时要引起注意。轶事一则轶事一则n有位记者采访报道一位女明星，文稿中的一个有位记者采访报道一位女明星，文稿中的一个逗号的误用引起一场笑话。试看下面的两个句逗号的误用引起一场笑话。试看下面的两个句子。子。n1.I would like to wear no clothes which will di

14、stinguish me from others. n我不爱穿使我显得与众不同的衣服（原意）我不爱穿使我显得与众不同的衣服（原意）n2.I would like to wear no clothes, which will distinguish me from others.n我喜欢不穿衣服，这样就可以与众不同了。我喜欢不穿衣服，这样就可以与众不同了。n1. 我们不能使用该项发明成果，其专利权我们不能使用该项发明成果，其专利权为一家公司所独有。为一家公司所独有。nWe are not allowed to utilize this invention, its patent right is

15、 exclusively owned by a company.n改译改译1. We are not allowed to utilize this invention; its patent right is exclusively owned by a company.n改译2：We are not allowed to utilize this invention because its patent right is exclusively owned by a company.n改译3：We are not allowed to utilize this invention. Its

16、 patent right is exclusively owned by a company.2.今天的中国城市里，裁弯取直的河渠，向四面今天的中国城市里，裁弯取直的河渠，向四面八方扩张的交通，膨胀硕大的以便于接纳更多八方扩张的交通，膨胀硕大的以便于接纳更多商业行为的城市广场与建筑立面，都在告诉人商业行为的城市广场与建筑立面，都在告诉人们建设背后的权力与资本才是审美标准。们建设背后的权力与资本才是审美标准。In todays Chinese cities, however, the aesthetic values of construction are judged by power an

17、d capital behind the projects the shortcut rivers, widespread traffic arteries, commercially constructed all-inclusive squares or shapes of buildings all reveal the same truth.n试译试译:In Chinese cities today, however, the only aesthetic standard is the power and capital behind the construction boom. This is embodied in the rivers