高三英语语法总复习——定语从句3

1、定语从句定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，它的作用相当于一个形容词。它的作用相当于一个形容词。定语从句通常位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种定语从句通常位于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词为关系名词或代词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词为关系代词或关系副词。代词或关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和定语；关系关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和定语；关系副词在定语从句中只作状语。副词在定语从句中只作状语。 1、先行词先行词 注意被定语从句所修饰的先行词的注意被定语从句所修饰的先行词的

2、特点，即是人还是物，以及将要在定语从句中特点，即是人还是物，以及将要在定语从句中所充当的成分。所充当的成分。 如：如：The student who answered the question was my friend. (先行词是先行词是student在定语从句中充当主语在定语从句中充当主语)The girl you met just now is my sister. (先行词是先行词是girl在定语从句中作宾语在定语从句中作宾语) 2.关系代词、关系副词关系代词、关系副词 引导定语从句的关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的关系代词、关系副词,代替先行词在定语从代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分

3、。句中充当成分。 在定语从句中能作主语的关系代词有在定语从句中能作主语的关系代词有who,that,which其中其中who用于指人，用于指人，which用于指物，用于指物，that既可指人也可指物。既可指人也可指物。如如: An architect is a person who /that design houses and buildings. The supermarket which/that was opened last week is a very modern one. 在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词有在定语从句中能作宾语的关系代词有who,whom,which,that其中

4、其中who, whom用于指人用于指人which用于指物用于指物that既可指人也可指物。既可指人也可指物。 如如:The suit which/that the tailor made for me doesnt fit me.The man whom/that I beat in the tennis game was my father.n 在定语从句中能作定语的关系代词有在定语从句中能作定语的关系代词有whose或或the +名词名词+of+which 如如:He lives in the room whose door is green. =He lives in the room

5、the door of which is green.The girl whose father is a teacher studies very well. =The girl the father of whom is a teacher studies very well.在定语从句中作方式状语的关在定语从句中作方式状语的关系 副 词 常 被 省 略 如系 副 词 常 被 省 略 如 : This is the way (how) he worked out the problem.n 介词如果在定语从句的句介词如果在定语从句的句首时首时,作宾语的关系代词只能用作宾语的关系代词只能用w

6、hom, which且不可省略且不可省略如如:The man with whom you shook hands just now is the head of our department. =The man whom you shook hands with just now is the head of our department.This is the book to which I referred in my talk. =This is the book (which) I referred to in my talk. n 非限制性定语从句和先行词关系不非限制性定语从句和先行

7、词关系不紧密用逗号和主句分开紧密用逗号和主句分开,另译作一句另译作一句,作为作为一种补充说明即使去掉从句，主句的意一种补充说明即使去掉从句，主句的意思仍然清楚而限制性定语从句和先行词思仍然清楚而限制性定语从句和先行词关系紧密从句不能去掉关系紧密从句不能去掉,如果去掉意思就如果去掉意思就不清楚且主句和从句之间无逗号一般译不清楚且主句和从句之间无逗号一般译在先行词前面。在先行词前面。 n 除除that不可以引导非限制性定语从句外其不可以引导非限制性定语从句外其他关系代词和关系副词均可引导非限制性定语他关系代词和关系副词均可引导非限制性定语从句。从句。 All the books，which hav

8、e pictures have been sent to them.He has a brother who is a doctor.他有一个当医生的他有一个当医生的兄弟。（也许不止一个兄弟）兄弟。（也许不止一个兄弟）He has a brother ,who is a doctor.他有个兄弟，他是他有个兄弟，他是一个医生。一个医生。 n which在所引导的非限制性定语从句，有在所引导的非限制性定语从句，有时可以修饰整个主句即代替主句的意义。时可以修饰整个主句即代替主句的意义。 The examination has been put off，which is what we want.考

9、试被推迟了，这正是我们希望的。考试被推迟了，这正是我们希望的。 Mary was late again ,which made her teacher angry.玛 丽 又 迟 到 了 ， 这 使 她 的 老 师 非 常 生 气 。玛 丽 又 迟 到 了 ， 这 使 她 的 老 师 非 常 生 气 。 n 只用只用which不用不用that的情况：的情况： （1）引导非限制性定语从句时）引导非限制性定语从句时Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light（2）当关系代词前有介词时）当关系代词前有介词时The room in which my family

10、 live used to be a garage（3）当先行词本身为）当先行词本身为that时时 ：That which you told him about is what we want to know你告诉他的正是你告诉他的正是我们想知道的我们想知道的 n 只用只用that不用不用which的情况：的情况：（1）先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时）先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时如如:The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. This is the best film that has ever been made.（2）

11、先行词前有）先行词前有only,few,little,right,any,all, one等修饰时等修饰时 The only furniture (that) he had in the room was a chair and a small desk. There is little time that we can use.(3) 先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词some, all, anything,little,much,something,everything,nothing,none等时等时That is all (that) I want to say. Is there an

12、ything (that) I can do for you? (4) 先行词为人和物的名词词组先行词为人和物的名词词组They talked about persons and things that they remembered in the school.(5) 主句前主句前who, whom有时有时Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?(6) 在在there be 或或there live结构中先行词指物结构中先行词指物There is a book on the desk that I am very int

13、erested in. (7)先行词指物在主句中作表语先行词指物在主句中作表语 Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?(8)在在 way(指方法指方法)后面常用后面常用that代替代替how或或 in which结构结构 That was the way (that) he did it.(9) time(表示次数表示次数)前有序数词修饰前有序数词修饰That was the last time that I met her. (10)习惯用法中习惯用法中that 可以用作关系副词代替可以用作关系副词代替(in, on, for)

14、which及及 when where, why, 而且而且that可可省略省略The way that (in which) you look at problem is wrong. I never forget the day (when, that, on which) I went to school 20years ago. Do you know anywhere (that, where) I can get a drink? I d like to know the reason (that, why, for which) you wont come. (11)当先行词前有当

15、先行词前有the same修饰时或当先修饰时或当先行词和关系代词指同一人或物时行词和关系代词指同一人或物时This is the same man that /who I told you about. This is the book that I bought yesterday. 只用只用who的情况。的情况。(1)先行词为先行词为those指人指人 Those who want to go there raise your hands. (2)there be (live)结构中先行词指人结构中先行词指人There is a young man outside who asks for

16、 you. There lived a king who was kind to his people.(3)先行词为指人的不定代词先行词为指人的不定代词one,anyone,no one, all, nobody, any body, none等等Anyone who broke the window would be punished. We should learn from the one who benefits us. n 选用关系副词不能光看先行词是否选用关系副词不能光看先行词是否是表示时间，地点和原因的名词，而必是表示时间，地点和原因的名词，而必须分析从句谓语动词与先行词之间的

17、逻须分析从句谓语动词与先行词之间的逻辑关系。如果关系词在从句中作主语或辑关系。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则他仍须用关系代词宾语则他仍须用关系代词which或或that 如：如：We will never forget the day, which we spent together.I like to take my vacation in the mountain, which is quiet and beautiful.That is the reason, which he gave us for his action. n as 引导限制性定语从句时引导限制性定语从句时,先行词常

18、先行词常用用such和和same修饰修饰,as在从句中不省略如在从句中不省略如:He used such expressions as he could find n the tests.They stayed for the night in the same room as they had once rented. As 引导非限制性定语从句时引导非限制性定语从句时,as代表整个主句代表整个主句的意义的意义,定语从句在主句中的位置比较灵活。定语从句在主句中的位置比较灵活。 如：如：He is a teacher，as is clear from his manner.Taiwan, as

19、 is known to everyone, is a part of China. n 定语从句修饰定语从句修饰of前面的词还是前面的词还是of后面的词后面的词, 要看要看of前面的词是否有定冠词修饰。前面的词是否有定冠词修饰。 如如:Tom is one of the boys who were late this morning. (汤姆是所有早上迟到的男孩中的一汤姆是所有早上迟到的男孩中的一员员)Tom is the only one of the boys who was late this morning. ( 汤姆是所有男孩中早上迟到的汤姆是所有男孩中早上迟到的唯一个唯一个) 1

20、. There are 102 elements(化学元素化学元素) found in n a t u r e , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a r e m e t a l s2. The house _roof was damaged has now been repaired.3. I have never been to Rome but thats the city I d m o s t l i k e t o v i s i t . 4.The reason _I have not done my homework is there are too many diffic

21、ult points. 5. “Gone are the days _I was young,” the s e v e n t y - y e a r - o l d m a n s a i d .6. This is the place _he lived in his childhood. 7. The pen_he writes id Hero 60.8. Mrs. Lee will move into her new house next Monday, _it will be completely furnished. 9. This is the very bus_well go

22、 to the theater.10.The best play _Shakespeare wrote is probably King Lear, but some people dont think so.11. He is the only one of the teachers_Spanish in our school.12. King Henry received a letter from Mr. Lirpa; _announced (宣布宣布)_he had finally solved the secret of light. 13. I bout a new book, _

23、is very beautiful.14. I have a book, _very interesting.15. Only a twenty-minute walk from his village is a little valley set among he hills, _is one of the quietest places in the world.16. Those _are willing to attend the party, sign here. 17. There are many places _we can visit in China.18.He was l

24、ooking pleasantly at the children and parcels _filled his bus.19.Which are the books _you bought for me?20. The village is no longer the one _was 5 years ago.21. Who is that girl _is standing by the window?22. Do you know Mr. Smith _story is very moving?23. There is a room, _window faces the river.2

25、4.There is a room, the window_faces the river.25.Such books _you bought are useful.26.The school is just the same _it was 10 years ago. 27. I want to use the same tool _you used just now.28. He didnt pass the exam, _we had expected.29.There is lots of air in loose snow, _can keep the cold out.30._is

26、 known, the earth is round, not flat.31.I dont like the way _he talks.32. This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 33.It is the museum _we visited last year.34.We expressed to them our wish _the same as theirs.35.He is the only one of the students_has got very good marks in the ma

27、tch.36. He is one of the students _have got good marks in the match.37. Is this the place_we visited last year?38. Is this place _we visited last year?39. He stood at the window; _he could see what was happening.40. _Is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.41.After

28、living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child.42.He made another wonderful discovery, _ I think is of great importance to science.43. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _many people have gone home. 44.She has bought the same sort of w

29、ashing machine_you have.45.There is nothing in the world_can frighten her.46.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing 10 windows, most of _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.47.Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.48.She likes to use words_is clear to him.49. I shall never forget those days_I lives in th