随着建筑施工企业的机械化水平的不断提高

1、一种延缓或避免机械发生故障的技术措施随着建筑施工企业的机械化水平的不断提高,各种机械设备种类越来越多、越来越现代化,对施工设备的使用、维修和管理提出了越来越高的要求,原粗放式的管理方法已经不能满足施工现场的要求,因此必须采用一种全新的施工设备使用、维修和管理的模式,也就是现在国际上流行的管理模式精细化管理模式。With the continuous improvement of the mechanization level of construction enterprises, various types of machinery more and more, more and more

2、modernization, the use of construction equipment, maintenance and management put forward higher request, the original in vulgar management methods cannot meet the requirements of the construction site, so we must adopt a new kind of construction equipment use, maintenance and management model, which

3、 is now the international popular management mode - fine management mode. 1精细化配置与使用1 fine configuration and use 1.1使用前的精细化匹配最优化配置1.1 before use of fine matching, optimal configuration 对于一个建设项目,工作环境、工作内容等千变万化,管理人员应该根据项目的实际工程量、施工工期、业主要求、环境条件等方面的情况,综合考虑各种因素,设定合理安全边际范围,科学地编制项目的机械使用计划,编制各种施工机械的详细进出场时间表,按

4、照经济合理的原则控制好项目所需要的设备总量,最优化匹配各型号机械设备,使设备在各个施工环节中都能有效发挥作用。For a construction project, the working environment, work content and so on, management should according to the actual quantities, construction project time limit for a project, the owner requirements, environmental conditions, such as comprehen

5、sive consideration of various factors, set a reasonable margin of safety, project mechanical use plan scientifically, prepare detailed schedule into play all kinds of construction machinery, according to the economic and reasonable principle to control the total quantity of the good project required

6、 equipment, optimizing matching all kinds of mechanical equipment, the device can effectively play a role in every aspect in the construction. 1.2精细化管理1.2 the elaborating management 使用中,为了对机械设备实行精细化管理,需要采取一种实用的管理方法,据研究和国内同行的经验,按照“定岗、定机、定责任、奖优罚劣”的管理制度能够起到比较好的管理效果。For mechanical equipment is in use, i

7、n order to fine management, need to take a practical management methods, according to the research and the experience of the domestic counterparts, according to the "create positions, set machine, responsibility, retiring" management system can play a better effect. 1.2.1定岗、定机的机械保管和使用负责制 c

8、reate positions, set machine mechanical storage and use of the responsibility system 所谓定岗定机是指每一台关键设备的操作人员基本固定,不轻易更换。机械保管和使用负责制,就是大型机械设备实行定人、定机、机长负责制,大中型机械设备实行机长领导下的分工负责制,并负责保养和维修,提高使用者的责任感,充分发挥其积极性,妥善保管机械,及时进行保养维修,保证机械正常运转。如设备需要多班制工作,一定要选择一个负责人当好操作人员的领导,由他来对设备全权负责;对于那些不能委派专职操作人员的小型设备,应该固定在操作班组里,由班长对

9、这些小设备负责,并实行班长领导下的分工合作制。Create positions set machine refers to each of the key equipment operation personnel basic fixed, not easily replaced. Mechanical responsibility system of storage and use, is the large mechanical equipment, person, machine, the pilot-in-command shall assume overall responsibil

10、ity for the large and medium-sized mechanical equipment division under the leadership of the pilot-in-command shall assume overall responsibility for, and is responsible for the maintenance and repair, improve the user's sense of responsibility, give full play to their enthusiasm, maintain the m

11、achine properly and timely maintenance, guarantee the machine run properly. Need more shifts work such as equipment, be sure to select a good operators, head of the leadership, the equipment he is responsible for everything; For those who can't appoint full-time operation of small equipment, sho

12、uld be fixed in the operation team, shall be the responsibility of the monitor of these small devices, and implement the monitor under the leadership of the division of labor cooperation. 1.2.2建立职业培训制度, establish vocational training system 所有的机械设备操作都是由人来完成的, 电动单梁起重机只有高素质的人员才能高效率地操作完成各项施工任务,所以施工企业对所用

13、机械操作人员及修理人员都要进行上岗培训,建立培训档案,让他们既要掌握实际操作技术又懂得基本的机械理论知识和机械构造,经培训考核后持证上岗。All the mechanical equipment operation is accomplished by the people, only qualified personnel can efficiently operation to complete the construction task, so the construction enterprise to machine operators and repair personnel ar

14、e used to mount guard training, establish training files, let them both to grasp practical technology and know the basic knowledge of mechanical theory and mechanical structure, after the training assessment show certificates. 2施工机械的精细化维修与保养2 fine repair and maintenance of construction machinery 2.1

15、机械的维护2.1 mechanical maintenance 机械维护是一种延缓或避免机械发生故障的技术措施,是以清洁、紧固、润滑、调整、防腐、故障诊断与排除为主要内容的作业形式。机械维护及时,方法及内容适当, 单梁起重机可以大大延长机械的使用寿命,提高机械的可靠性和利用率。Machinery maintenance is a kind of delay or avoid failure of technical measures, is the clean, tighten, lubrication, adjustment, corrosion protection, failure di

16、agnosis and elimination as the main content of the assignment form. Mechanical maintenance in a timely manner, method and content, appropriate can greatly prolong the service life of machinery, improve the reliability of mechanical and utilization. (1)日常维护。在每一工班前后都要进行日常维护。其作业内容包括:保证正常运转所必要的条件、外部清洁、完

17、全运转的检查、一般故障的排除。(1) daily maintenance. Around each GongBan for routine maintenance. Its operations include: ensure the normal operation of the necessary conditions for full operation, external cleaning, inspection, general failure of elimination. (2)定期维护。机械经过一定的运转小时后,停机进行清洗、检查、调整以及故障排除和对某些零部件进行修理和更换等

18、。定期维护根据作业内容的不同可分为3个等级。一级维护以润滑、正丁醇紧固为主;二级维护以检查、调整、防腐为主;三级维护以总成解体清洁、检查、调整、换件为主。(2) regular maintenance. Mechanical after certain operating hours downtime for cleaning, inspection, adjustment and troubleshooting and for some parts for repair and replacement, etc. Maintenance on a regular basis dependin

19、g on the job content can be divided into 3 levels. Level 1 maintenance is given priority to with lubrication, fastening; Level 2 maintenance check, adjust, anticorrosive primarily; Three-level maintenance to assembly disassembly cleaning, inspection, adjustment and change. (3)特殊维护。磨合期维护:凡新机械或经过大修的机械

20、,在正式使用前和磨合期结束后都要进行维护。换季维护:凡冬季最低气温在0以下的地区,在入夏和入冬前都要进行维护。停驶维护:停用的机械每周外部清洁一次,每半月摇动发动机曲轴10转以上,每月将发动机发动一次。封存维护:长期不用的机械在封存前进行一次维护,封存机械每半年发动一次并重新封存。(3) the special maintenance. Period maintenance: every new machine or after major repair of machinery, in a formal before use and after the period should be ma

21、intained. Change garments according to the maintenance: every winter, air temperature is below 0 lowest in the summer and before winter would be maintained. Offend maintenance: stop using mechanical external cleaning once a week, every half moon shake engine crankshaft turn above 10, start the engin

22、e once a month. Storage maintenance: long-term unused machinery before sealing a maintenance, sealed mechanical launch once every six months and seal again. 3施工设备及人员精细化管理3 fine construction equipment and personnel management 机械设备的使用者是人,对于设备的精细化管理归根结底是对人员的管理,包括对操作人员、维修人员、机械管理人员的管理。塑料排水板要做到精细化管理,首先需要一

23、批高素质的操作人员、维修人员和管理人员。其次需要一套切实可行的,有效的管理制度,该制度能够充分发挥人员的积极性,做到分层管理,责任到人。管理考核目标明确,能依据考核指标拉开收入差距,奖优罚劣,提高人员的责任心和劳动积极性,完善机械设备的管理。Mechanical equipment users are people, ultimately for equipment of fine management is the management of the staff, including operators, maintenance personnel, machinery management

24、, personnel management. To do the elaborating management, first need to a number of highly qualified operating personnel, maintenance personnel and management personnel. You need the a set of feasible, effective management system, the system can give full play to the staff's enthusiasm, hierarch

25、ical management, responsibility to the people. Management objective is clear, can according to the income gap assessment index, - - improve the staff's sense of responsibility and work enthusiasm, improve the management of mechanical equipment. 以上是大的原则和理论,具体的管理要各个施工企业根据项目的实际情况,根据以上的大硅脂原则制定相应实际的具

26、体管理制度,但是,在制定管理制度的过程中,以下几点需要注意:Above is big principles and theories, specific to each construction enterprise according to the actual situation of project management, according to the above the big principle to set up the corresponding actual specific management system, however, in the management sys

27、tem of the process, the following points need to note: (1)由于现代机械设备的专业化、樱花现代化水平不断提高,管理人员的自身管理水平和知识水平也应提高才能适应机械有效精细化管理的需求。管理人员指设备的直接全面主管、机械机长和一般维修负责人必须进行职业化培训。这些培训应该是不定期的,根据现场管理需求来安排。有些培训可以利用设备的代理商和厂家来进行,还可以组织以上人员到管理先进的施工企业学习取经,并进行相应的考核,任用优秀人员管理施工设备。有了良好的职业培训,才能为施工企业培养合格的管理和使用人才,才能打好设备精细化管理的基础。(1) due

28、 to the specialization of modern machinery and equipment, modernization level enhances unceasingly, the management of their own management level and knowledge level should be improved to meet the requirement of mechanical fine management effectively. Management - refers to the comprehensive supervis

29、or directly, mechanical pilot of equipment and general maintenance, professional training must be conducted. These irregular, training should be according to the site management needs to arrange. Some training can use equipment agents and manufacturers to carry out, also can organize more personnel

30、to the management experiences of learning the advanced construction enterprises, and the corresponding evaluation, good staff management of construction equipment. Has good professional training, talents for the construction enterprise to cultivate qualified management and use of talent, to play good equipment is the basis of fine management. (2)做好机械台班记录。机械操作手必须认真如实填写本机的机械台班记录,它是正确维护保养机械设备的依据山东太阳能,也是机械设备建立技术档案的原始记录,其主要内容有工作小时、工作量、停机小时、故障维护小时、修理换件记录等。(2) mechanical machine-team recorded. Mechanical manipulator must carefully fill