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1、高中英语 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists精品导学案(含答案)核心单词1. characteristicn.特色;特性;典型adj.特有的,表示特性的;典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特性之一。A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。He prove d himself a true gentleman and the beauty of hiswa

2、s seen atits best when he worked with others.A. CharacteristicB. characterC. Appe aranceD. temper解析:选Bo句意为:他证明自己是个真正的绅士,和别人一起工作的时候,他的性格总表 现出最好的一面。character作名词时,表示 性格;特点”,一般是不可数名词; characteristic 是可数名词,常用复数形式,表示总的特点”。易混辨析character/characteristiccharacter n.性格,品质(本身具有的);角色,人物;字体,字符 characteristic n.特点

3、,特征(用以区别于其他事物的) 高手过招单项填空2. defeatvt.击败;打败;使(计划、希望)落空Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.我们队以五比零的比分战胜了对手。He was defeated in his plan. 他的计划失败了。易混辨析defeat/conquer/overcome三个词都含有 战胜”、击败”的意思。defeat指赢得胜利”,尤其指军事上的胜利,如: defeat the enemy( 打败敌人)。conquer指 征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制,如: conquer nature(征服自然)。overco

4、me指 战胜;压倒;克服”,尤其指 感情",如:overcome difficulties (克服困难) defeat/beat/windefeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中 战胜,打败(对手)”后接竞争对手。如:beat thecompetitor/the country/the team .打败对手 /国家 / 团队win也表示战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。如: win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/amedal/success/friendship/reward . 赢

5、得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖 高手过招选词填空(beat/defeat/conquer/win )By not working hard enough you your own purpose. Some countries may bebut can never be Who is the drum? He the first prize in the writing contest.答案: defeated defeated; conquered beating won3. attendv.注意;留意;处理(与to连用户do with ;出席;至U场;照看;照料

6、=take care=look after常用结构:上学/上大学听讲座/出席会议出席婚礼/参加典礼出席;出席的人数;伺候;照料 稍后我们将关注这个问题。哪个医生为你看病?attend school/collegeattend a lecture/meetingattend a weddi ng/ceremony attendance n.We ll attend to the problem later. Which doctor is attending you?高手过招翻译句子(原创)他们在我们不在时管理事务。他在这个领域很出名,今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。答案: They at

7、tended our affairs during our absence. He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.4. exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光,常与介词 to连用,表示 使暴露于(日光、风雨等);受到风险; 使面临”。常用结构:expose sth./sb./oneself (to .)显露或暴露于 be exposed to暴露于Don' t expose it to the rain/wind.别让它被雨淋 /风吹。

8、The soldiers in the open fiel d are exposed to the enemy ' s fire.空地里的士兵暴露于 敌人的火力之下。The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发。高手过招用expose的适当形式填空(原创) In summer, the sun can be very harmful to your skin. The soil was washed away by the flood,bare r

9、ock.答案: being exposed to exposing5. curevt.&n.治愈,治疗;常用于 "cure sb. of .结构中。The doctor cured her of a bad cold.It is possible to cure the sickness.易混辨析医生治好了她的重感冒。 治愈这种疾病是可能的。cure/treat/heal/recovercure意为治疗;治愈”,多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语,意为 治疗;医治”,指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为 治愈(伤口);医治”,指治好外伤或烧伤

10、后的部位,使伤口 .愈合,不用于指治 疗感冒等疾病。recover意为痊愈,复原”,主要是指从病中痊愈了,常与 from连用。That pill cured my headache.那种药片治好了我的头疼。That will cure him of his bad habits.那将改正他的坏习惯。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医生来治疗50多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed.我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。He' s now fully recovered from

11、 his bad cold.他现在已完全从重感冒中康复了。高手过招完成句子(原创)盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。Penicillin his pneumonia.事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。After the accident, the lorry driver for cuts and bruises.他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。The cut on his finger quickly.答案: cured him of was treated healed6. absorbvt.吸收;吸引;吸收(液体,气体,光,声等);汲取,理解(知识等);使全神贯注;吸引(注意等),后常接介词in/by ;

12、合并(公司等);吞并;常接介词 into ;承受;经受。联想拓展absorbed adj.精神集中的absorbing adj.十分吸引人的absorb from sth.从中吸收be absorbed in专心于,全神贯注于Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。So many good ideas! It ' s too much for me to absorb all at once.这么多好主意! 我彳艮难一下子完全吸收。The old man was completely absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本书。The s

13、urrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的/J、城镇已并入到这座城市中。高手过,招完成句子(原创)the man那个人因为看报纸太入神而撞到了墙上。 walked into a wall.他们聚精会神地看着电视里的表演,舍不得离开。They were the show ontelevision that they found it hard to pull away.答案: Deeply absorbed in the newspaper so deeply absorbed in watching7. blamevt

14、.责备;谴责;归咎于n.责怪;(过失、过错等)责任常用结构:blame sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而指责某人blame sth. on sb.因某事而指责某人sb. be to blame for(doing) sth.因(做)某事某人应受到谴责T he student bl amed the teacher for his failure.学生因失败而责怪老师。The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday.那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。Who is

15、 to blame for the failure?谁该为这次的失败负责 ?温馨提示be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)高手过招(1)单项填空for their son ' s badWe all feel it is Jack as well as his wif e that performance at school.A. are to blameB. is to be blamedC. are to be blamedD. is to blame(2)翻译句子看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了。这件事谁也不能怨。他指责你玩忽职守。解析:(1)选D。句意为:我们觉得对于孩子在

16、学校里的不好表现,除了杰克的妻子外, 杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式,要用主动形式表示被动含义。且主语为Jack ,故选D项。(2) It seemed that the water was to blame for cholera. Nobody is to blame for it. He blames you for neglect of duty.8. linkvt.连接;联系n.环;连接;联系;纽带常用结构:link .to/with将和连接/联系起来link upThe highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing.这条公路连接着

17、上海和北京。连接起来Your story links up with his.你所说的和他所说的能联系起来。A lot of links fitted together form a chain.许多链环连在一起组成链条。Old friends are a link with the past.老朋友是连接往事的纽带。易混辨析join/connect/combine/unitejoin指的是任何事物的直接连接,连接的程度可紧可松,含有还能分开”之意。常用结构 join .to, join . up。connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来,事物的特征还保持着,常表示与技术有关的连接以及

18、火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect .with/to 。combine着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起,结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变,但也可能失去其本性,常用结构combine .with 。unite强调紧密地结合成一体,含极难分开之意,常用结构unite .with 。Please join this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。This flight connects with New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。We should combine theory with practice.我们应

19、该理论联系实际。高手过招翻译句子(原创)这两个城镇由一条铁路连接起来。这些事件之间都有一些微妙的(subtly)联系。答案: The two towns are linked by a railway. These events are all subtly linked together.重点短语9. put forward提出(意见、建议);推荐;提名;将表拨快He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计划。Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推荐你(提名让你)担任高尔夫球俱乐部

20、的秘书好吗?He puts forward several interesting plans.他提出了几项令人感兴趣的计划。It ' s an explanation often put forward by our friend.这是我们的朋友经常做出的解释。联想拓展put input offput onput awayput downput on weightput output upput back高手过招(1)单项填空At the meeting, he A. looked forward toC. took forward(2)完成句子她正为选举制度改革提出一些建议。打断;

21、插嘴;进港推迟;延期穿;上演放好写下发福;长胖生产;扑灭举起;张贴放回,送回his plan.B. put forwardD. came forwardShe is解析:(1)选Bo句意为:在会议上,他提出了他的计划。(2)putting forward10. look into调查;了解;研究;朝里面看联想拓展look around/round/aboutlook afterlook backlook back to/upon/onlook down uponlook forlook forward tolook onlook on/upon.aslook ou tlook throughl

22、ook up温馨提示look into 与 one' s face/eyes 等连用,表示 He looks into her face with great interest.他饶有兴趣地注视着她的脸。环顾四周照顾;照料回头看回顾;回想俯视;轻视寻求;寻找盼望旁观把看作往外看;注意;当心透过看;浏览抬头看;查阅注视”。some proposals for electoral reform. put forward 提出。Let' s look into the problem together and figure out a way to solve it.让我们一起来研究

23、这个问题,想出解决的办法。高手过招单项填空 In other words I should not watch TV, or your shoulder at other people while we are talking together.A. look outC. look atB. look intoD. look over There was a fire in the hotel. The is no w being looked .A. reason; throughB. reason; intoC. cause; throughD. cause; into解析:选D。考查短语

24、辨析。look out向外看;look into 调查;look at看;look over 从上看过去。选D。cause的意思是 起因";look into的意思是 调查”。11. apart from除之外;脱离开;此外Apart fr . om a few faults , he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几个缺点外,他是个值得信赖的老师。Apart from being too large, the trousers don' t suit me.除了太长,这条裤子的款式也不适合我。There can be no knowledge

25、apart from practice.没有知识能脱离实践。易混辨析apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except thatapart from 表示 除夕卜(另1J无) ”时相当于 besides 和except for ,,但apartfrom还有 除以外(还)”之意。另外,apart from, except for都可用于句首,但except不能。except '除”(不包括其后的宾语),besides '除了还”(包括其后的宾语)。另外,besides还可以作副词,表示 并且,而且b

26、ut for 表示 如果不是由于 ”之意(=If it were not for. 或 If it had notbeen for.)。in addition to 相当于besides ,表示 除之外,还有"(包括除去内容在内)。except that后面跟句子,用来表示理由或细节。高手过招(1)单项填空English, the speaker also has a good command of Russian and French.A. ExceptB. Except forC. BesideD. Apart f -rom(2) 用 apart from/except for/

27、except/except that/besides填空(原创) We go there every day Monday. He is a good man his bad temper. Your article is good there are some spelling mistakes.the cost, it will take a lot of time.that, everything goes well.(1)解析:选Do apart from 相当于besides ,意思是 除外,还有 "。except表示除,不包括在内”,从后面的also看,应用besides

28、或apart fro m o(2) except except for/apart from except that Apart from/Besides Apart from/Except for12. make sense讲得通;有道理;有意义 (反义词组make no sense)Your story doesn ' t make sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智的。lose/recover one联想拓展s sense=be out of

29、one ' s sense失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智bring sb. to one ' s sense使某人苏醒过来come to one ' s sense苏醒过来make sense ofmake no sensein a/one sensein all sensein no senseThere is no sense in doing sth.高手过招单项填空 What he says makes no理解;明白没有道理;没有意义从某种意义来说从任何意义上说绝不是;绝非 做某事没有道理。to her.A. CareB. senseC. InterestD.

30、 meaning The poem is hard to understand. Can you makeof this poem?A. IdeaB. knowledgeC. SenseD. Understanding解析:选B。m ake sense为固定搭配,意思是起作用,有意义”。选C。make sense of sth."理解或弄懂困难的或无法理解的事物“。另外,sense还可作动词,意为 意识到(某事物);感觉到”。重点句型13. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbr

31、eak.每次暴发(霍乱)时,都有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。本句是一个复合句,every time引导的是一个时间状语从句,意思是 每当:相当于 "when"。另外,此状语从句中还有一个"there be 结构。So many thousands of terrifiedpeople died 是主句。联想拓展类似的时间状语归纳:each time每次;每当at the time在那个时候;(当 )的时候any/next/the first/the last time 意为 任彳/下一次 /第一次 /最后一次“。the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly等 都可以引导时间状语从句,意为 0就”。She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去看他了。Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.

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