英语补习-第三课

1、黄浩炜黄浩炜学习目标学习目标n1、记单词n2、记词组n3、写作训练n4、语法学习记单词记单词-联想法联想法n所谓的联想法就是发散思维法n用一个或者一群已经学了的英语单词去一个新单词n这样的方法十分高级的，运用了这个方法，你记住的不只是一个新单词，而是一大群可以有相通，关联意思的单词，就是说你可以对一个中文词语有成百上千种的翻译的选择，可谓是多种多样任君选择，同时，你也在打通着你的英语思维，慢慢地，你就会构建出自己成熟的英语网络，简单来说，你就是在修纂着，编辑着你自己的人脑版牛津高阶词典，而且是中英双译的n至于你的词典会变成，小学版的还是专业版的，全靠个人的是否肯多动脑，活用脑废话少说，马上开始

2、！废话少说，马上开始！nobserve 英bzv 美bzvnvt. 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论nvi. 观察；说；注意到；评论n首先观察中文意思，是什么意思（ 观察；遵守；说；注意到；评论n观察；说；注意到；评论）n其次就是观察词性，就是这个词是动词？名词？形容词？副词？介词？连词？（vt.vi）n再就是用拆字法看看可不可以从拆分的几个部分来联想（ob-serve）n最后，自己联想近义词，词组，甚至是句子来解析这个新的单词（look，see，view，watch，carefully，follow，dont break the rule,say,speak,notice,remark,revi

3、ew）实在一时间想不到这么多，也没有问题，最要紧的是坚持的做下去 现在来对对我们与专家的差异吧现在来对对我们与专家的差异吧nobserve bz:v nv.n1. discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact ofn2. make mention ofnShe observed that his presentation took up too much time n3. observe with care or pay close attention ton4. watch attentivelynPlease observe

4、the reaction of these two chemicals n5. show respect towardsn6. celebrate, as of holidays or ritesn7. follow with the eyes or the mindn8. observe correctly or closelyn9. conform ones action or practice ton师傅领进门，修行靠个人，现在你来练习一下吧ncrucial 英kru()l 美krlnadj. 重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的n 比较级more crucial 最高级most cruci

5、al ncrucial kru:l nadj.n1. of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisisna crucial moment in his career a crucial election a crucial issue for women n2. having crucial relevancencrucial to the casen3. of the greatest importancencrucial information n4. having the power or quality of deci

6、dingnthe crucial experiment ndestroy 英dstr 美dstrnvt. 破坏；消灭；毁坏ndestroy distri v.n1. do away with, cause the destruction or undoing ofnThe fire destroyed the house n2. destroy completely; damage irreparablyn3. defeat soundlyn4. put to deathnThe customs agents destroyed the dog that was found to be rab

7、id nunfair 英nfe 美nfrnadj. 不公平的，不公正的n 比较级more unfair 最高级most unfair nunfair ,nf nadj.n1. showing favoritismn2. not fair; marked by injustice or partiality or deceptionnused unfair methods it was an unfair trial took an unfair advantage n写作！n21.以fix为中心的词组nfix a date / time for为安排日期/时间nfix up 修理，安装，安排，

8、建造，提供nfix on / upon 确定，决定nfix ones eyes on/upon 注视，凝视nfix ones attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在nout of fix (钟表)不准，不健全n22.以get为中心的词组nget about 徘徊，走动，旅行；流传nget above oneself 自视高傲nget accustomed to 习惯于，对习以为常nget across 度过，通过，横过；说服，使被理解nget ahead of 胜过，超过nget along 前进，进步；同意；离去，相处nget along with 与相处nget arou

9、nd 走动，传播，影响，说服nget at 发现，了解；掌握；攻击nget away 离开，逃脱，出发，开始度假nget back 取回，回来；报复nget behind 落后；识破nget close to 接近，靠近nget down vt.咽下；写下；使沮丧，使倒下vi.下来 nget down to 认真对待，静下心来nget familiar with 变得熟悉nget/catch/seize/take hold of 获得，取得，抓住nget home 到家nget in 进入，陷入；牵涉nget in touch with与取得联系nget into/out of debt 欠债

10、/不欠债nget into进入，陷入，养成nget into trouble /a habit ofnget off 送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身nget on 上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处nget on/upon with 进步；在方面获得成功nget ones hand in 熟悉；习惯nget out vi. 摆脱，出去，下车，泄露nget out of 由出来，从得出；避免；退休nget over 越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成nget possession of 占有，取得所有权nget ready for 为作准备nget rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱nget th

11、rough 拨通，到达，完成，通过；及格nget together 积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见nget up 起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排nget used to 习惯于nhave got to do 不得不，必须n23.以give为中心的词组 nbe given to 沉溺于，习惯于，癖好ngive about 分配；传播ngive and take 相互迁就，互让ngive away 赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发ngive back 归还，反射ngive cause 给予的理由ngive ear to 侧耳倾听ngive forth 发出，放出；发表ngive in 屈服，让步，投降

12、ngive in to 同意，接受；向让步ngive off 发出（烟，气味）ngive oneself out as/to be 自称为ngive oneself up to 专心于；向自首ngive out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完ngive place to 让位于，被所替代ngive rise to 引起，导致；使发生ngive sb. to understand 通知某人,使明白ngive up 放弃；停止ngive way to 让步，退却；屈服于ngiven that假定，给定，已知n24.以go为中心的词组ngo about走来走去，（谣言等）流传ngo

13、across 度过，越过ngo after 追逐，追求，跟随ngo against 反对，不利于ngo ahead 前进，进展，继续ngo all about 鼓足干劲，全力以赴ngo along 前进，进行下去ngo along with 陪伴，和一道走ngo around 走来走去，四处走动ngo away 离开，走掉ngo back 回去，返回，走下坡，追溯ngo back to 追溯至ngo bad 变坏，腐败ngo beyond 超过，胜过ngo by 经过，过去ngo dead （电脑）死机ngo down 下降，沉没，垮台，（风等）平静ngo down to 延续到，继续到ngo

14、 for 支持，赞成，适用于，去（取，拿）ngo for a walk/ride/swim 去（散步，骑马，游泳）ngo forward 前进，进展ngo in 进去，（日月等）被云遮蔽ngo in for 喜欢，参加，赞成，从事，为而努力ngo into 进入，参加，调查，从事，深入研究ngo off 走开，爆炸ngo on 继续，接下去ngo on to do 接着做（另一件事）ngo on doing 继续做（同一件事）ngo on with继续做，忍受ngo out 出去，熄灭，离开，下台，退休ngo over 温习，检查，越过ngo round 拜访，绕道走，绕运行ngo throu

15、gh 审查，履行，通过，经历，忍受ngo too far 走得太远，做/说得太过火ngo up 上升，上涨，攀登ngo well 进展顺利ngo with 与相配，和一道走，同意ngo without 无需，没有也行ngo wrong 出故障，走错路nhave a go 企图，试图nwant a go 试一试n25.以hold为中心的词组nhold back 隐瞒，阻止，克制，扣留nhold to / by 坚持，固守nhold down 压制，压低，缩减nhold off 耽搁，不接近，离开nhold out 伸出，提出，支持，主张nhold up 举起，竖起，支持，使停滞nhold wit

16、h 和意见一致，赞成ncatch/seize/get/take hold of 抓住，掌握，获得nleave/lose hold of松手，放弃n26.以insist为中心的词组ninsist on / upon坚持，强调，坚决要求ninsist that(注意两种语气)ninsist 用法与suggest 相似。insist作“坚持”说时，要用陈述语气；作“坚决主张；坚决要求”讲时，用虚拟语气。如：nThey insisted that he （should）be present at the ceremony.n他们坚决要求他出席这次典礼。nHe insisted that he was

17、innocent.=He insisted on his innocence.n他坚持说自己是无辜的。 n27.以keep为中心的词组nkeep at 坚持，不停地做nkeep away (from) 不接近，避开，远离nkeep back 阻止，扣留，隐瞒nkeep company with和结交nkeep dark 保守秘密nkeep down 缩减，控制nkeep doing继续，不断地做nkeep from阻止nkeep in 闭门不出nkeep in mind 记住nkeep in touch with与保持联系/不断接触nkeep off 不接近，远离nkeep on doing

18、继续，不停地做nkeep ones balance 保持平衡nkeep out 使不入内nkeep pace with跟上，同步调一致nkeep time 合拍子，按时，（钟表）走得准nkeep to 坚持，固守，遵守nkeep up 继续，坚持，保持，维持nkeep up with赶上，跟上 ，与并肩前进nkeep watch 守望，值班，注意nin good /high keep保存得好nin bad/low keep保存得不好n28.以lay为中心的词组nlay aside 把.放在一边，抛弃，贮藏nlay down 放下，使躺下，放弃，牺牲nlay off （暂时）解雇，放弃，停止nl

19、ay out 花费，投资，不置，打昏n29.以leave为中心的词组nask for leave 请假ngive leave 准假nleave about乱放，乱丢nleave alone 听任，任其自然nleaveas it is.听其自然nleave behind 留下，忘记携带nleave for （离开某地）去某地nleave out 省去，遗漏，不把计算在内nleave off 停止，脱去，戒除nleave office 离职，下台nleave over 留下，剩下，延期nleave room for 为让出地方nleave school 毕业nleave sth, to / wit

20、h sb把交给/留给某人.nleave sb, sth. 把交给/留给某人nleave word / a message 留言，留信nleave+object+o.c.non leave 休假，请假语法-代词 代词是什么，代词就是代指上文已经出现了的东西，因为上文已经出现了，所以就不想再说一遍他的名字，或者是某些东西说话人都不知道是什么来的，就用代词来指代人称代词的用法(1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语：The light is bad here. I cant see clearly. 这儿的光线不好，我看不清。She hesitated a moment, and then sat down

21、 beside me.她犹豫了一会儿，然后在我身边坐下来。We should keep calm even we are in danger. 即使在危急时刻我们也要保持冷静。(2) 人称代词宾格在句中作宾语和表语：There was nobody to tell him, to hint him, to give him at least a word of advice.没有人告诉他，或暗示他，或起码给他一句忠告。(宾语)Are you for it or against it? 你是赞成还是反对？(宾语)Oh, its you. 啊，是你呀。(表语)If I were her, I wo

22、uld take the advice. 我要是她就接受这个建议。(表语)在并列主语中，I总放在最后。如：You and I 我和你He and I 我和他You, he and I 你我他 物主代词的用法1) 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语My computer has been updated. 我的电脑已经升级了。She turned away her eyes. 她把目光移开。Their ideals have changed. 他们的理想变了。(2) 形容词性物主代词与own连用表强调I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼所见。Mind your own bu

23、siness. 不要管闲事。(3) 名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语Hers is a pretty colorless life. 她的生活是一种相当平淡的生活。（主语）This is your coat. Mine is in the room. 这是你的外衣。我的在房间里。（主语）She would shut herself up in her room, Julio in his. 她常把自己关在房间里，朱利奥也是一样。 (宾语)My pen is broken. Please lend me yours. 我的钢笔坏了，请把你的借给我。(宾语)Whose book is thi

24、s? 这是谁的书？Its mine. 是我的。(表语)I knew that the house was hers. 我知道那房子是她的。（表语） 反身代词的用法(1) 反身代词在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等I want to build myself a country house. 我想给自己建一座乡间别墅。(宾语)Be yourself, please. 请自然一点。(表语)I fixed the windows myself. 我自己装的窗户。(同位语)(2) 反身代词与某些动词连用表示某种特定意义Help yourself to some fruit. 请吃点水果。He shaves

25、himself once a day. 他一天刮一次(3) 反身代词用于某些固定习语中：1 by oneself 独自干；单干。He said he wanted to go out to have a walk by himself. 他说他想独自出去散步。2 for oneself 替自己；为自己；自己。Well have to judge for ourselves. 我们得自己来判断。3 of oneself 自动地。The enemy will not perish of himself. 敌人不会自行绝灭的。4 between ourselves 勿与外人道私下说的话。All th

26、is is between ourselves. 这些都不能告诉别人。5 among themselves 之间。They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。6 in oneself 本性；自身。He is not bad in himself. 他本质不坏。 5. 相互代词的用法 (1) 相互代词在句中用作宾语 We did not know each other before. 我们以前互不认识。They have been separated from one another for a long time. 他

27、们分开很久了。 (2) 相互代词在句中作定语 They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment. 他们彼此一时相对无言。指示代词的用法(1) 指示代词this， that， these， those在句作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等Are these your books? 这些是你的书吗？（主语）This is my first visit to America. 这是我第一次到美国来。（主语）Whos that speaking? 请问是哪位？（打电话用语）（主语）I will keep this in mind. 我会记住这一点

28、的。（宾语）You can choose one from these. 你可以从这些里面选一个。（宾语）My idea is this. 这就是我的想法。（表语）Oh, its not that. 噢，问题不在那儿。（表语）Do you know that man? 你认识那个人吗？（定语）These flowers are very beautiful. 这些花非常漂亮。（定语）He said he didnt want that much. 他说他不需要那么多。（状语）The book is about this thick. 那本书大约有这么厚。（状语） 指示代词this和these指

29、时间与空间上较近的事物，that和those指时间与空间上较远的事物 This building was built last year, that one was built many years ago. （表空间）这栋大楼是去年建的，那栋是很多年前建的。 Those stars are too far away to be seen with naked eyes. （指空间）那些星星离得太远，肉眼看不见。疑问代词和关系代词who的意思是“谁”，是主格，通常作主语，who在口语中可代替whom作宾语。whom 的意思是“谁”，是宾格，在句中作宾语，常用于书面语中whose的意思是“谁的”

30、，属格，具有名词和形容词的性质whatwhat的意思是“什么”，具有名词和形容词的性质which的意思是“哪个”，which在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等成分that可以代表事也可代表人，在从句中可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，但不能用于非限制性定语从句中。代表人时who比that用的多些，代表物时that比which用的多些。不定代词1. some，any(1) some多用于肯定句，修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词，作“一些”解。它还可修饰单数可数名词，作“某一”解。如：H-5 avian influenza first broke out in some Asian countries

31、.H-5型禽流感首先在亚洲爆发。Some people are early risers. 有些人起得很早。(2) any通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句，修饰单数或复数可数名词以及不可数名词。If there are any new magazines in the library, take some for me.图书馆如果来了新杂志，替我借几本。Are there any stamps in the drawer? 抽屉里有邮票吗？Is there any money with you? 你身上带钱了吗？(3) any还可以用于肯定句，作“任何的”解。You can come here

32、any time. 你什么时候来都行。You can get it at any shop. 你可以在任何一家商店买到它。2. either，both，all(1) either表示“两者中的任何一个”。Either of the brothers is selfish. 两兄弟都非常自私。Either will do. 两个都行。(2) both“两个都”，修饰可数名词，统指两者。Tom and Jack both made some progress. 汤姆和杰克两个都有所进步。(3) all“全部，所有的”，修饰可数名词和不可数名词，指两个以上的人或物。All the students contributed to the fund.所有的学生都为基金会捐了款。3. no，neither，none(1) no“不”，可修饰单数和复数可数名词以及不可数名词。Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。I have no money for such things. 我没钱买这些东西。(2) neither“两者中哪个都不”，其所指范围是两个人或物Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。Neither of the tw