外文文献翻译--快递企业场竞争战略研究

1、中文3342字，1916单词，10500英文字符文献出处:NavistarT.TheresearchofexpressenterprisecompetitionstrategyJ.SloanManagementReview,2016,12(3):41-50.原文TheresearchofexpressenterprisecompetitionstrategyNavistarTAbstractThispapertakestheGermanAEexpresscompanyasthecasestudy.Firstly,expressindustryisanalyzed,andthenexpounds

2、thetrendofthedevelopmentofindustry,thentheAEexpresscompanymadeadetailedanalysisoftheforeignsmallandmedium-sizedexpressenterprisesprovidebeneficialreferenceforcompetitivestrategy.Keywords:Expressdelivery,Expressdeliverymarket,Competitivestrategy1OverviewoftheexpressindustryExpress"referstothelog

3、isticsenterprisewithitsownindependentnetwork,orintheformofconsortium,eachusingtheirnetwork,theuserfilesorentrustedbythepackage,fastandsafelyfromthesendertotherecipient'sdoortodoortransportationmode.Deliveryintimeanddeliveryqualitydiffersfromothermodesoftransportation;theefficiencyofitistobuildon

4、thebasisofperfectnetwork.Expressindustryisthefastestspeedtransportdocumentsorbetweenthesenderandrecipientinpackageindustry.Thenatureandthemodeoftransportationandthegeneralaircargoservicebasicconsistent,butextendandexpandtheairtransportservice,expressindustryintransport,expressdeliveryserviceformthem

5、ostquickandthoughtful.Expresstheownershouldhavethefollowingfeatures:EconomicadaptabilityThedevelopmentofmodernexpressindustryiscloselycombinedwiththedevelopmentofworldeconomy.Withtheacceleratingprocessofglobaleconomicintegration,internationaldomestictradeactivitiesaccelerateactive.Duetotheproduction

6、andbusinessoperationactivitiesofhighefficiencyandfastrhythm,timevalueisveryimportant.Alargenumberofsamples,files,documentsneedtopassquickly,itoffersawiderangeofopportunitiestoexpressindustry;Butwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,alargenumberofhightechnologycontent,smallvolume,highvalueproducts

7、alsoprovidethesourcefortheexpressindustry.ImmediacyThebasiccharacteristicsofexpressservicemainlyreflectedinthefastandflexible.Somusthavealongdistancetransportrapidtransportanddistribution,distribution,delivery,etc.Bigexpresscompaniesthemselveshaveacertainnumberofaircraft,andmostoftheCouriercompanyha

8、sitsownfreightcars.Inadditiontotransportation,expressdeliverycompanyinthesupplyofgoodsdistributioncenter,especiallythecentralregionsofthecompany'sbusiness,youneedtosetupdistributioncontrolcenter,equippedwithwarehouse,computercenter,controlandcommandcenterandotherfacilities.NetworkExpressindustry

9、providedoortodoorservice,soyoumustreceivecustomerinformationtimelyandaccurately,quicklyhandledocuments,all-the-waytrackingsystemforthedeliveryofgoodsordocuments.Realizethefunctionofguaranteeistheadvancedcomputernetwork,advancedcommunicationsnetwork,andcanmeetthedemandofallkindsofpersonalized,special

10、Courierserviceofhardwareandsoftware.AtpresentmostoftheCouriercompanycandotoafileandtrackinginthewholeprocessoftheparcel.Usersonlyneedtologinthewebsite,enterthewaybillnumber,youcantrackthealltheinformationofthegoods.ExcellentservicefunctionFormasaresultoftheexpressdeliveryserviceisatabletotable,doort

11、odoor;itneedstoexpresstheall-the-waytracking,customerwanttobeabletoreal-timequeryCourier,sotheCourierCompanymustbeonthebasisofqualityservicetoretaincustomers.2 Developmenttrendofexpressindustry2.1 CutoreliminatepostalfranchiseInthelate70stheUnitedStateshasreforminthefieldofcivilaviationandpostinabre

12、akthrough,cancelledthepassengerandcargoairlinesoperatingin1978andthelimitationofthepricing,suspendedin1979postalfranchisetoespeciallyurgentletters,toallowtheprivateCourierserviceproviders"to"thenextdaytheletterPostinganddeliveringservices,suspendedin1986totheinternationalpostalmailofthefra

13、nchise.In1993SwedenbecamethefirstabolishpostalspecializesinEuropeancountries.Later,Russia,NewZealand,theNetherlandsandabolishingthepostalspecializesin.Startingin1995,Germanyandcountriesaroundtheworldallowtheirprivatemailcompany,operatingallpostalbusinessletters.Inaddition,thedevelopingcountriessucha

14、sIndia,Kenyaandnarrowedthescopeofpostalspecializes.2.2 PromotethereformofpropertyrightsystemManycountriesinordertooptimizethenationalpostaldepartmentofthestate-ownedpropertyrightstructure,improvetheoperationalefficiencyofthepostalservice's,havesteppeduptothepostalenterpriseshareholdingsystemrefo

15、rm.In1994,theSwedishpostalisfromsharestothepublicservicecompanyco.,LTD.,andtheVATonallofitsproducts.In1995,theGermanpostalformallyregisteredasastockcompany,49%ofthesharessoldtothewholesociety.In2000,deutschepostsuccessfullylistedco.,LTD.,istheannualEuropeanlargest,theworld'sthirdlargesttrading.N

16、ewZealandposthasrestructuredintojoint-stockcompany.TheNetherlandsistheworld'satypicalofpostalprivatizationreformatpresent.2.3 OpentopromotebilateralandregionallevelsTheU.S.freetradeagreementswithSingapore,Chile,tocreateopenbilateralareasexpressindustryprecedent.Beauty,wisdomiscommittedtokeepexpr

17、essdeliverymarketaccesslevel,beforesigningtheagreementandprovideseparatetodeliverythegoods,fastcustomsclearanceprocedures;Beauty,opennewagreementdeliverydepartmentandotherrelatedservices,inordertoimprovetheefficiencyofexpressdeliveryservices.Agreementalsoincludedlimitedserviceprovidersforcross-subsi

18、dyprovisionsofthestate.Theemuwillbeopenpostalmarketsasanimportantcontentofregionalintegration,twicebylawrequiresinternalopenpostalmarkets,andletsthememberstatesduringtheperiodof2003to2006takesubstantivesteps.Atpresent,theworldtradeorganization(WTO)isopentoCourierandpostalservicesaregivenmoreattentio

19、n,inthefieldofopenhasbecometheimportantissuesoftheDoharoundoftradeinservicesnegotiations.3 AEexpresscompany3.1 OverviewGermanAEexpresscompanywasfoundedin1988,theheadquartersislocatedinsouthwesternGermany.ExpressinEurope,atthebeginningofitsestablishment,thecompany'smainbusiness.After20yearsofdeve

20、lopment,hasnowdevelopedintoaairfreight,shipping,expressdelivery,warehousing,logisticsasoneoftheintegratedlogisticscompanyinEurope.Sinceitwasfoundedin1988,AEexpresscompanybusinessdevelopment,steadilyto2008euroturnoverhasovertenmillioneveryyear.Asaninternationalairtransportassociation(IATA),theworldca

21、rgoalliance(WCA)members,AECourierCompanyhasawiderangeofinternationalservicenetwork,andthroughthecooperationwithGELandDERKURworkER,AEexpresscompanyofexpressdeliveryrangecoversthewholecontinent.TheAEexpresscompanyinFrankfurt,Germany,BerlinandotherbranchofficesinmajorcitiesinEurope.Andin2003,itsetupawh

22、ollyownedsubsidiaryinHongKong,openedaEuropeanexpresslineinHongKong.3.2 ThecompetitiveenvironmentFourgiantDHL,FedEx,UPS,TNTisaccountedfor80%oftheinternationalexpressmarketshare.DHLexpressDHLglobalco.,LTD.,foundedin1969,istheworld'sfourmajorinternationalexpressinternationalgroup,oneoftheglobalnetw

23、orkbydeutschepostgroupholding100%.DHLinternationalairexpressco.,LTDisbyDHLandChinanationalforeigntradetransportationgroupcorporationeachinjectionof50%wasfoundedin1986,isChina'searliestandmostexperiencedinternationalairexpresscompany.Fromthecompanysinceitsestablishment,DHLinmajorcitiesalloverthec

24、ountryhaveestablished82subsidiaries,hasmorethan7100high-qualitystaff,servicethroughoutthecountryin401majorcities,covering95%ofthepopulationandeconomiccenterofChina.Astheleaderoftheinternationalexpressdelivery,DHLhasdiversifiedlogisticsservices,including:internationalexpress,multimodaltransport,elect

25、roniccommerce,finance,agency,distributionandstorage,andplentyofcustomsoperationtechnologyandexperience,isoneoftheworld'slargestlogisticsserviceproviders.FedExistheworld'slargestexpresstransportationcompany,formorethan235countriesandregionsintheworldtoprovidefastandreliabledeliveryservice.Fed

26、Exhasuniversalairandlandtransportationnetworks,usuallyonlyoneortwoworkingdays,canquicklydeliverytimeurgentcondition,andtoensureontimedelivery.FedExisaffiliatedwithfederalexpressgroup(FedExCorp.),arethebackboneofthegroupexpresstransportationbusiness.FedExtoworldwidecustomersandenterprisesistoprovidet

27、ransportation,electroniccommerceandbusinessoperationandaseriesofcomprehensiveservices.Asoneofthemostfamousbrand,FedExCorporationthroughtheoperationmodeofthecompetitionandcoordinationmanagement,providesacomprehensivebusinessapplicationsolutions,makeitearnupto$32billionayear.FedExinSoutheastAsiabothpr

28、iceandspeedcanbesaidtobethefirstoffourcompanies.Inthepriceof21kgoflargecargoFedEx,DHL,UPS,transportationspeedisthesame.ButFedExshortcomingliesinWesternEurope,USandCanada,SouthAmerica,Africa,MiddleEastcountrieshavenoadvantageofpriceandspeed.UPSwasfoundedin1907asamessengercompanyintheUnitedStates,byex

29、plicitlycommittedtosupportingtheglobalbusinessgoal;UPSnowhasgrowntoabigcompanywith$36billioninassets.TodayUPS,orunitedparcelServiceCompany,isaglobalcompany,astheworld'slargestexpresscarrierandpackageDeliveryCompany;theyarealsospecializedtransportation,logistics,capital,andtheleadingproviderofe-c

30、ommerceservices.ThebusinessincomeofUPSinregionalterms,thedomesticbusinessaccountedfor89%oftotalrevenue,EuropeanandAsianbusinessaccountedfor11%.Canseenfromthis,UPSinternationalexpressdeliverymarketinChina,moreadeptatinternationalexpressbusinessinAmerica.TNTexpresstoentertheChinesemarketin1988,2003,TN

31、Texpress25branches,thetotalsalesofmorethan$700million.AstheDutch'slargestexpresscompany,TNTclearanceabilityinwesternEuropeancountriesthanDHL,UPS,andEMSwasstronger.Butpriceisalotmoreexpensivethanothercompanies.TNTexpressEurope,haveachievedthisinventionto:TNTusingDaliantoBeijingdailyflights,thelat

32、estonthedayofcollectionofinternationalexpressmailonthedayofshipmenttothecapitalinternationalairport,thenextdayatnoonTNTtransitcentercanbearrivedinFrankfurtandLosAngeles.4 TheexpressindustrysuppliersbargainingpowerMainlythroughthepriceincreaseinputsandthesupplier'sabilityisreducingtheunitvalueofq

33、uality,toinfluencetheexistingcorporateprofitabilityandproductcompetitivenessintheindustry.Intheinternationalexpressindustry,themainsuppliersincludingairlines,internationalfreightforwardingenterprises,androadtransportservices.Airlinesgenerallyonlyshippingspaceonlevel1freightagentrelationship.Airlines

34、flightstofixed,fixedtime,willnotchangethegoodsbecausethecustomer'sproblem.Internationalfreightisagencyenterprises.Internationalfreightforwardingenterprisemainlyreferstotheairfreightagententerprise.Theairfreightagentisdividedintoprimaryandsecondaryagents.Becausetheairlinesonlyputtoalevelafreightt

35、ransportation,theshippingspacetoalevelafreighttransportationspacesecondaryforwardingagentordirectlytothecustomer,forexpressdeliverycompanies,themainsuppliersorfreightforwardingcompanies.Relativetoairlines,thesizeoftheforwardingagent,cargodeterminesitsbargainingpower:likewise,whatcargoalsodeterminest

36、heexpresscompany'sbargainingpower.Highwaytransportationserviceisproviders.Internationalexpressoperations,inadditiontoairexpress,willcertainlytosendcountrieswithreceiptofroadexpressservice.AEexpresscompanyownsthemeansoftransport,theparentcompanyisoneofGermany'slargesttransportationgroupsroadt

37、ransportationoccupiesaverybigadvantageinEurope.译文快递企业市场竞争战略研究NavistarT摘要本文以德国AE快递公司为案例分析对象，首先分析了快递行业，接着阐述了快递行业的发展趋势，然后对AE快递公司做了一个详细的分析，为外资中小型快递企业制定竞争战略提供有益借鉴。关键词：快递业，快递市场，竞争战略1快递行业概述快递，是指物流企业通过自身的独立网络，或以联营的方式，相互利用各自的网络，将用户委托的文件或包裹，快捷而安全地从发件人送达收件人的门到门运输方式。快递是以时间、递送质量区别于其它运输方式，它的高效运转是建立在完善的网络基础之上的。快递业

38、是以最快的速度在寄件人和收件人之间运送文件或包裹的行业。其性质及运输方式与一般航空货运服务基本一致，但是快递行业延伸和拓展了航空运输服务，在运输业中，快递业的服务形式最为快捷、周到。快递业主要有以下几个特点：经济适应性。现代快递业的发展与世界经济的发展紧密相连。随着全球经济一体化的进程不断加快，国际国内贸易活动加速活跃。由于生产经营活动的高效率和快节奏，时间价值显得十分重要。大量的样品、文件、单证需要快速传递，这为快递行业提供了大量的商机而随着科技的发展，大量科技含量高，体积小，价值高的产品也为快递行业提供了货源。快捷性。快递服务的基本特点主要体现在快速和灵活。因此运输工具必须具备长途快速运输

39、以及集散、分发、派送等特点。大型的快递公司自身拥有一定数量的飞机，而绝大部分快递公司都拥有自己的货运汽车。除了运输工具，快递公司在货源集散地，特别是公司经营的中心区域，需要设置集散控制中心，配备仓库，电脑中心，控制和指挥中心等设施。网络化。快递行业提供的是门到门的服务，因此必须及时、准确地接收顾客信息，快速处理单证，实现对运送物品或文件的全程跟踪。实现这些功能的保证就是先进的计算机网络、先进的通讯网络以及能够满足各种个性化、特殊的快递服务需求的硬件及软件。目前绝大多数快递公司都能做到对文件及包裹的全程跟踪。用户只需要登陆公司网站，输入货运单号，就能追踪到货物的全部信息。优良的服务功能。由于快递

40、业的服务表现形式是桌到桌、门到门，它需要对快件实行全程跟踪，客户希望能够实时查询快件的情况，所以快递公司必须在优质服务的基础上才能留住客户。2快递行业发展趋势2.1 削减或取消邮政的专营权70年代末美国先后在民用航空和邮政专营领域的改革取得突破，1978年取消了客运和货运航线运营和定价方面的限制，1979年中止了邮政对特别紧急信件的专营权，允许私营快递服务商提供“次日达”的信件寄递服务，1986年中止了邮政对国际邮件的专营权。1993年瑞典成为欧洲第一个废除邮政专营的国家。之后，俄罗斯、新西兰、荷兰也相继废除了邮政专营。从1995年开始，德国允许本国和世界各国的私营邮递公司，经营信函以外的所有

41、邮政业务。此外，印度、肯尼亚等发展中国家也缩小了邮政专营范围。2.2 推进产权制度改革许多国家为优化国家邮政部门国有独资的产权结构，提高邮政公司的运营效率，纷纷加大了对邮政企业的股份制改造。1994年，瑞典邮政从公共服务公司改为股份有限公司，并对其全部产品征收增值税。1995年，德国邮政正式注册为股份公司，49%的股份向社会出售。2000年，德国邮政股份有限公司成功上市，是该年度欧洲第一大、世界第三大的上市交易。新西兰邮政也己改制成股份公司。荷兰是世界上对邮政进行私有化改造的一个典型，目前荷兰邮政已转变为私有化公司。2.3 推动双边和区域层面的开放美国与新加坡、智利的自由贸易协议，开创了双边领

42、域快递业开放的先例。美、智承诺将保持签订协议前快递业的市场准入水平，并对快递货物提供单独、快速的清关程序；美、新协议规定开放快递部门和其他相关的服务部门，以提高快递服务部门的效率。协议还纳入了限制国家服务提供商进行交叉补贴的规定。欧盟也将邮政市场开放作为区域一体化的重要内容，先后两次通过法令要求内部开放邮政市场，并让成员国在2003年到2006年期间采取实质性步骤。目前，世贸组织对快递和邮政服务业的开放也给予了更多的关注，该领域的开放已成为多哈回合服务贸易谈判的重要议题。3AE快递公司现状3.1 概述（完整译文请到百度文库）德国AE快递公司成立于1988年，总部位于德国西南部。公司成立之初，主

43、营欧洲地区的快件业务。经过20年的发展，现在已经发展成为集空运，海运，快递，仓储，全欧洲物流运输为一体的综合性物流公司。自1988年成立以来，AE快递公司业务稳步发展，到2008年年营业额己超一千万元欧元。作为国际空运协会（IATA）,世界货运联盟（WCA）成员，AE快递公司拥有广泛的世界性服务网络，而通过与GEL以及DERKUR工ER的合作，AE快递公司的快件派送范围覆盖整个欧洲大陆。目前AE快递公司在德国法兰克福，柏林等欧洲主要城市均设有分公司。并于2003年在香港成立全资子公司，开通了香港欧洲的快运专线。3.2 竞争环境DHL,FedEx,UPS,TNT四大巨头更是占据了80%的国际快递市场份额。DHL敦豪全球速递有限公司，创立于1969年，是全球四大国际快递跨国集团之一，由德国邮政全球网络集团100%控股。中外运敦豪国际航空快件有限公司是