现在完成时态讲解及练习

1、现在完成时态讲解及练习一、现在完成时的构成肯定句： 主语 +have/ has + done (过去分词 )+其它He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.一般疑问句： Have/ Has +主语 + done (过去分词 )+其它Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?否定句 : 主语 +have/ has+ not + done (过去分词 )+其它 He has not finished his homework.过去分词的构成方法如下:1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加ed.work-workedanswer-answ

2、ered obey-obeyedwant-wanted2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加d.Move-movedhope-hoped divide-divided3.字尾是辅音 +y 的动词。则将 y 改 i加 ed.study-studiedtidy-tidied satisfy-satisfied4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.stop-stoppedregret- regretted drop-dropped不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表一、 AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致）1.花费costcostcost2.割cut

3、cutcut3.伤害hurthurthurt4.让letletlet5.放putputput6.朗读readreadread7.设置setsetset8.打击，碰撞hithithit9.关上门窗shutshutshut10.让letletlet二、 ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）1) 过去式、过去分词含有 -ought1.带来bringbroughbroughtt2.买buyboughtbought3.打架fightfoughtfought4.想thinkthoughthoughtt5.寻 找 、seeksoughtsought探究2) 过去式、过去分词含有 -aught5.抓住catchca

4、ughtcaught6.教teachtaughttaught3) 过去式、过去分词 -t 替换原形 -d7.建筑buildbuiltbuilt8.借出lendlentlent9.花费spendspentspent10.派遣sendsentsent4)过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t 或 d11学会learnlearnt/elearnt/ed.d12意思meanmeantmeant.13燃烧burnburnt/edburnted.13做梦dreamdreamt/edreamt/ed.d13处理dealdealtdealt.14听hearheardheard.5） 过去式、过去分词改为-ept15.

5、保持keepkeptkept16.睡觉sleepsleptslept17.扫sweepsweptswept6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt3.跑runranrun18.感觉feelfeltfel四、 ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）19.嗅smellsmelt/smelt/ed1).过去分词在过去式或原形后加 -n或 -ened20.拼写spellspelt/spelt/eded1.击败beatbeatbeaten7)过去式、过去分词改为-aid2.破坏breakbrokebroken20.孵蛋laylaidlaid3.驾驶drivedrovedriven21.说saysaidsa

6、id4.吃eatateeaten22.支付paypaidpaid5.落下fallfellfallen8)过去式、过去分词改为-old6.给givegavegiven23.卖sellsoldsold7.生长growgrewgrown24.告诉telltoldtold8.知道knowknewknown9)过去式、过去分词改为-ood9.吹blowblewblown25站standstoodstood10.扔throwthrewthrown26明understanunderstoodunderstood11.展示showshowedshown12.弄错mistakmistoomistake.白dek

7、n10)其它变化13.拿taketooktaken14.摇动shakeshookshaken27.得到getgotgot(gotten)15.说speakspokespoken28.坐sitsatsat16.选择choosechosechosen29.照顾babysitbabysatbabysat30.离开leaveleftleft2) 三种形式都有变化31.失去loselostlost1是be(is,was;been32.找到findfoundfoundam; are)were33.有have(hashadhad2开始beginbeganbegun)3做dodidDone34.握住，hold

8、heldheld4喝drinkdrankdrunk召开5飞flyflewflown35.制造makemademade6忘记forgetforgotforgot/forgotten36.悬挂hanghunghung7躺lielaylain37.照耀shineshoneshone8骑rideroderidden39.赢winwonwon9打 电ringrangrung40 逃跑fleefledfled话41 喂feedfedfed10唱singsangsung42.引导，leadledled11穿wearworeworn导致12游泳swimswanswum43 遇见meetmetmet13写wri

9、tewrotewritten三、 ABA （过去式与原形一致）14去gowentgone1.变成becamebecomebecome2.来comecamecome二、现在完成时标志词：recently; recent years; these days/ years; lately; since; for+时间段；in the past few years; ever since; inthe last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just

10、already (已经 ): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter .yet(已经 ): 用于否定句 ,疑问句He hasn t done his homework yet.just(刚刚 )They have just left.ever(曾经 )Have you ever been to Beijing ?never(从不 )I have never seen him .before(以前 )Have you seen the film before?since(自从 以来 )I ve worked in the school since1999.fo

11、r(长达 )He s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的 )recently(最近 )I have not written to my parents recently.so far(到目前为止 )So far she has learned 5 English songs.up to now(到目前为止 )this morning/month/year(今天早上 /这个月 /今年 )三、现在完成时的用法1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作 , 并对现在有影响。常与 already(

12、 已经 ), yet( 已经 ), just( 刚刚 ),ever( 曾经 ) 等词连用 .Already ， yet 的用法already:常用于肯定句中 . yet:常用于否定句 , 疑问句尾 .Someone has broken the window. 窗(户现在是坏的 )I have already lost the key.(我现在没有钥匙 )I haven t read that booket .y(不了解书的内容 )I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的 )3) 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间

13、短语或从句连用.since , for 的用法 :since: (自 以来 )1)since+时间点He has stayed here since 5o clock.2)since+ 时间段 + agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句for: ( 长达）for+ 时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.She has learned English for 5 years.He has lived in Beijing since he was born .Have you stayed here

14、 since 3 o clock?四、 have/has been to; have/has gone to; have/has been in have /has been to 曾经去过某地，人已经回来了 have /has gone to 去了某地，人还没回来have /has been in 去了某地并一直待在那1.我去过上海。I have been to Shanghai twice.2.-Where is Jim？ -He has gone to England（尚未回来）3. I have been in Shanghai for three years我到上海已有三年了。1、现

15、在完成时的" 完成用法 "现在完成时的 "完成用法 " 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。例如：He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况- 灯现在不亮了。 )现在完成时"完成用法 " 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语( 如： never ， ever ，once 等 ) 、包括现在时

16、刻在内的时间状语 ( 如： this morning / month / year. ， today 等 ) 连用。例如：Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2、现在完成时的" 未完成用法"现在完成时的 " 未完成用法 " 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：1. He has lived here since 1978/he moved here自.从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。( 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。 )2. I have

17、been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。( 动作开始于5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如： up to now ， so far 到目前为止 ) 等。例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。3. 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态动作状态动作状态diebe deadbeginbe onbo

18、rrow/buykept/hadend/finishbe overleavebe awayjoinbe inarrivebe heremarrybe married例如：1.他的爷爷已经去世2 年了。His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.2.Nick 参军 3 年了 . Nick has been in the army for 3 years3.他离开深圳好长时间了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.4.这本书我已借了4 个月了 I have had/kept the book for 4 mo

19、nths.五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是过去分词"。" 助动词have /has +如： The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用 。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days

20、, this week, since., for./since.ago/ up to now/so far等表示一段时间的状语 连用。(3 )一般过去时表示过去 某个时间 发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对"现在 "产生的影响。如： He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过桂林。( 只说明去桂林的时间)(4)现在完成时表示 动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如： Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。(着

21、重点是现在有了一台新电脑)看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？(A) Have you seen the film?(B)Did you see the film?说明 你看过这部电影吗？(A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；(B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years. 说明 他在北京住了 8 年。(A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B) 句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在不在北

22、京了。练 习一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。1. be_-_2. come_-_3. go_-_4. do_-_5. have_-_6. drink_-_7. give_-_8. eat_-_9. know_-_10. run_-_11. say_-_12. see_-_13. find_-_14. draw_-_15. get_-_16. hear_-_17. begin_-_18. buy_-_19. leave_-_20 become _-_21 break _-_22 bring _-_23 build _-_24 bite _-_25 catch _-_26 choose _-_2

23、7 cut _-_28 fall _-_29 fly _-_35 lend _-_30forget36 lose _-_-_37 meet _-_31 grow _-_38 put _-_32 hit _-_39 read _-_33 hurt _-_40 ring _-_34 keep _-_二、用 for或 since 填空1. Mr. Brown has had his TV _ 15 years.2. I ve taken driving lessons _ last month.3. My sister has had her cell phone _ a month .4. My

24、friends haven t visited me _ my birthday.5. We havent used our car _ a long time .6.She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years.7. Tom has worn glasses _ he was 7 years old.8. Jill has been in Ireland _ Monday.9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris _ three days.10. My aunt has lived in Australia_15days.11. M

25、argaret is in her office. She has been there _7 oclock.12. India has been an independent country _ 1974.13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty_ many years.14. Mike has been ill _ a long time. He has been in hospital _October.三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。1. The English professor arrived here

26、about a week agoThe English professor _ _ here for about a week .2. Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .Her husband _ _ on the farm for three hours .3.The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .The French musician _ _ _ China for a month .4.He joined th

27、e army in 1985 .He _ _ _ the army _ 1985 .5.He joined the League half a year ago .He has been a League _ _ half a year .6.The bus left five minutes ago .The bus _ already _ _ for five minutes .7.The girl bought a new school bag in September .The girl _ _ the school bag since September .8. The shop c

28、losed last winter .The shop _ _ _ since last winter .9. The film began ten minutes ago .The film _ _ _ for ten minutes .10. The dog died two days ago .The dog _ _ _ for two days .11. The meeting ended last _month .The meeting _ _ _ for a month .四、用 have/has been to, have/has gone to填空：1. Where is yo

29、ur brother?He _ the shop. Hell be back soon.2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice.3.Here you are at last!Where _ you _?I _ London.4. David _ Australia.I m sure he s already arrived.5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago.五、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I _ (wait) for h

30、im for two hours . I am very angry.2. He _ (be) a doctor since he was twenty.3. The film _ (be) on for fifteen minutes.4. _ you ever _ (read) that book before?5. _ you ever _ (try) to change her?6. No one _ (arrive) here yet.7. _ the bus _ (leave) yet?8. I _ (not talk) to him yet.9. I _ already _ (m

31、ake) the bed.10. They _ just _ (go). They will be back soon.11. When _ you _ (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?12. She _ (not come) here recently .13. She _ (never see) the man before .14. I _ (meet) him before, but I forget his name.15. It is eleven oclock . He _ (not come) back yet.16. He _

32、(write) five stories so far .17. She _ (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.18. _she _(call) on you lately ?选择题1、BothhisparentsMaybethey_what'shappenedtoA.knewB.haveknownknowD. will know2、Hehas_ beentoShanghai , hasA.alreadyB.nevereverD. still3、 HaveyoumetMrLi _ ？A.justB.ag

33、obeforeD.a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A.iswritingB.waswroteD. haswritten5、 Our country_ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .lookhim .he ?writingsad.C.mustC.C.C.A. haschanged ; wellB.C. haschanged ; betterD.6、Zhao Lan _already_in this school for two y

34、ears .A.was;studyingB.will;studystudiedD. are ; studying7、We _ XiaoLisinceshewasalittleA.knowB.hadknownhaveknownD.knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice .changed ; goodchanged ; betterC.hasgirl .;C.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD. see9、 ThesefarmershavebeenReally ? When _there ?A.willtheyC.do

35、theygotogotheUnitedStates .B.didD.havetheytheygogone10、 _ you _ your Yes . I _ ithomeworkyet ?amomentago .A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ;done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; havefinishedD.will ; do ;finish11、Hisfather_ thePartysinceA.joinedB.hasjoinedinD.hasbeenin1978 .C.was12、 Do you know him well ?Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A.wereB.havebeenbecomeD. have made13、 How long have you_ here ?C.haveAbout two months .A. been 14、Hurry C. has 15、 ItD.up! Thebeenon_ tenB.gonearrivedplay _ forA.hasyearssinceC.cometenminutes .begunB.hadD.beganheleftth