句子成分(要点)

1、关于句子成分(要点)现在学习的是第一页，共18页英语句子成分有八种英语句子成分有八种:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主要成分有主语和谓语主语和谓语；次要成分有次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。现在学习的是第二页，共18页句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是

2、什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight le

3、ssons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句副词，介词短语或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补足语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词形容词，名词，介词短语等短语等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助

4、。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！现在学习的是第三页，共18页1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语现在学习的是第四页，共18页主语主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。但在但在there be结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表示。主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表示。During the

5、 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）（名词）2) We often speak English in class.（代词）（代词）3) One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）（数词）4) The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）（名词化的形容词）5) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）（不定式）6) Smoking does har

6、m to the health.（动名词）（动名词）7) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）（主语从句）8) It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）现在学习的是第五页，共18页2. 谓语谓语(Predicate)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在

7、主语之后。 简单谓语：简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning.2) 复合谓语：复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成由系动词加表语构成。 We are students.现在学习的是第六页，共18页3. 表语表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一表语用以说明主语的身份、

8、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之等）之后。表语一般由下列结构表示。后。表语一般由下列结构表示。 1) Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）（名词）2) Is it yours?（代词）（代词）3) The weather has turned cold.（形容词）（形容词）4) The speech is exciting.（分词）（分词）5) Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）（数词）6) His job i

9、s to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7) His hobby is playing football.（动名词）（动名词）8) The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）（介词短语）9) Time is up. The class is over.（副词）（副词）10) The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）现在学习的是第七页，共18页 在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was) 状

10、态：状态：seem, appear, prove - 感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look 变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow 持续：持续：remain, stay, keep,现在学习的是第八页，共18页4. 宾语宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。动词和介词后面。宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）直接宾语）Lend me your dictionary.（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾

11、补）宾补）They elected him their monitor. 1) They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）（名词）2) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）（代词）3) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）（数词）4) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词）（名词化形容词）5) He pretend

12、ed not to see me.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6) I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）（动名词短语）7) I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）（宾语从句）8) He found it hard to solve the problem. （it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式）作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式）现在学习的是第九页，共18页5. 宾语补足语宾语补足语(Object Complement)：英语中有些及物动词，英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语外，还要有一

13、个宾语补语，才能使句子的意除有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。义完整。1) His father named him Dongming.（名词）（名词）2) They painted their boat white.（形容词）（形容词）3) Let the fresh air in.（副词）（副词）4) You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语）（不定式短语）5) We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）（现在分词）6) We found everything in th

14、e lab in good order.（介词短语）（介词短语）现在学习的是第十页，共18页主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补宾语补足语变成主补. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the exam The student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monit

15、or.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.现在学习的是第十一页，共18页6. 定语定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 1) Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）（形容词）2) China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）（分词） 3) There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）（名词）4)

16、 His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）（代词）5) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语）（不定式短语）6) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词）（动名词）7) He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语）（介词短语）8) He has a sister who works in Hong

17、 Kong. (定语从句定语从句) 现在学习的是第十二页，共18页7. 状语状语(adverbial modifier)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 1) Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）（副词及副词性词组）2) He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）（介词短语）3) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance

18、examination.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）4) He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）（分词短语）5) Wait a minute.（名词）（名词）6) Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）（状语从句）现在学习的是第十三页，共18页状语有如下状语有如下10种：种： 1) How about meeting again at six?（时间）（时间）2) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因）（原

19、因）3) I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件）（条件）4) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点）（地点）5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式）（方式）6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随）（伴随）7)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的）（目的）8) He was so tired that he

20、 fell asleep immediately.（结果）（结果）9) She works very hard though she is old.（让步）（让步）10) I am taller than he is.（比较）（比较）现在学习的是第十四页，共18页指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos