详细讲解复习

1、Introduction to the text: 1. This text is a piece of narrative writing, a story. 2. The narrator of the story, Dobie Gillis, a freshman in a law school, is the hero or protagonist(主角，正派角色）. He struggles against two antagonists（反派角色）: Petey Burch, his roommate whose girlfriend he plans to steal; and

2、Polly Espy, the girl he intends to marry after suitable re-education. 3. The climax（高潮） of the story is reached in paragraphs147 to150 when Polly refuses to go steady with the narrator because she had already promised to go steady with Petey Burch. 4. The denouement（结局） follows rapidly and ends on a

3、 very ironic tone. About the Title-The title of the story is humorous and well-chosen. It has two meanings: 1. When “fallacy” is taken in its ordinary sense, the title means: There is a deceptive（虚伪的，欺诈的） or delusive（欺瞒的，迷惑的） quality about love. 2. When “fallacy” is taken as a specific term in logic

4、, the title means: Love cannot be deduced（推理） from a set of given premises. Perhaps Max Shulman wants the reader, after reading the story, to conclude that “love” is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic. But the writer, through this story has succeeded pe

5、rhaps unwittingly(无意地) in revealing what love may sometimes mean in the affluent society（物质社会）. Girls do not want brilliant, gifted or educated husbands, but want husbands who are rich and wealthy enough to provide all the things necessary in life home, clothes, cars, etc. Pay attention to his chang

6、e of emotions:1. favoring her with a smile2. chuckled with amusement3. chuckled with somewhat less amusement4. forcing a smile/ ground my teeth5. croaked, dashed perspireDetailed study of the textenterprising: ad. having or showing enterprise 有事业心的；有胆量的；富于创业精神的Its very enterprising of them to try an

7、d start up a business like that. asas: a correlative construction used to indicate the equality or sameness of two things. He is as strong as an ox. month of Sundays: (colloquial口语体的) long timeunfettered: ad. (fml. or lit.) free from control; not tied by several rules The new city developed quickly,

8、 unfettered by the usual planning regulations.limp: ad. drooping; lacking firmness 无力的；易弯的I like lettuce to be crisp, not limp and soggy. 我喜欢莴苣是脆的，不喜欢软而湿乎乎的。flaccid: ad. soft and weak; flabbyspongy: ad. like a sponge; soft and porouspedantic: ad. paying too much attention to details and unimportant

9、rules 迂腐的；学究的pedant: n.a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they meritdiscipline: a branch of knowledge or learningtrauma: a term in psychiatry meaning a painful emotional experience or shock, often producing a lasting psychic effect. 心灵创伤；精神创伤Read, then, the follo

10、wing essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.Metaphor(暗喻） and hyperbole（夸张）. It is a metaphor comparing logic to a living human being. It is a hyperbole because it exaggerates for t

11、he sake of effect. calculating: ad. coldly planning and thinking about future actions and esp. whether they will be good or bad for oneself.perspicacious: ad. (fml.) having or showing very clever judgment or understanding 聪敏的；睿智的a perspicacious comment 有见地的评论astute: ad. clever and able to see quickl

12、y something that is to ones advantage; shrewd 精明的；敏锐的；狡黠的an astute businesswoman/investmentacute: ad. (1) (of the senses) able to notice small differences; sharp 感觉灵敏的；敏锐的Dogs have an acute sense of smell. /He has very acute hearing.(2) showing an ability to understand things clearly and deeply; pen

13、etrating. 深刻的an acute analysis of the political situation(3) severe; very great 严重的acute pain/an acute shortage of waterdynamo: an earlier form of generator, a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energychemists scales: Such scales are more precise and accurate for they have to we

14、igh small quantities of powder or other medicine.scalpel: a surgeons sharp knife used in operations手术刀；解剖刀My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para.4) Simile（明喻）, comparing his brain to three different things.Hyperbole, exaggerating for

15、 effect.dumb: (American colloquialism or slang) stupid; moronic; unintelligentdumb as an ox: as stupid as an ox; very stupidnothing upstairs: (American slang) empty-headed; a nitwit (笨蛋；傻瓜). The corresponding British slang is “unfurnished in the upper storey.”unstable: ad. easily moved, upset or cha

16、ngedemotional: ad. having feelings which are strong or easily movedimpressionable: ad. easy to be influenced, often with the result that ones feelings and ideas change easily and esp. that one is ready to admire other people.The child is at an impressionable age. 这孩子正处于易受影响的年龄。faddist: a person who

17、follows fads (a passing fashion or craze)Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist. All four sentences are elliptical（省略的）. The subject and verb “he is” is left out.fads: a passing fashion or crazesubmit: v. to offer as an opinion; suggest; proposevery negation: complete (abs

18、olute) lackreason: the ability to think, draw conclusionsto be swept up in: to be carried away by; to follow enthusiasticallycraze: something that is currently the fashion; fadto surrender yourself to: to yield; to indulge inidiocy: n. U great foolishness or stupidityacme: n. the highest point of de

19、velopment, success, etc. 极度；发展、成就的顶点；登峰造极 the acme of perfection acme of mindlessness: the height of stupidity; the greatest lack of intelligenceLaxative: n./ad/ (a medicine or sth.) eaten for causing the bowels to empty easily 泻药；通便剂Its dangerous for people suffering from appendicitis to take any k

20、ind of laxative.pausing in my flight: n. fleeing or running away from. Here it means “stopped rushing out” (to get a doctor).wail: v. (often derog.) to cry out with a long sound (as if) in grief or pain 嚎啕大哭；大声哭叫 pound: v. to hit hard; to deliver heavy, repeated blows 猛击；猛打；猛烈跳动He pounded the table

21、angrily. /My heart pounded with excitement.incredulously: adv. showing disbelief, unbelievinglyan incredulous look/smileincredible: ad. sth. too strange to be believed; unbelievable or very hard to believe 不敢相信的；难以置信的Thats the most incredible coincidence Ive ever heard of!Look at it rationally: “it”

22、 stands for the whole question of owning and wearing a raccoon coat.unsanitary: ad. not clean or healthyThey shed: The fur of the raccoon coats cast off or lose hair (all the time).unsightly: ad. not pleasant to look at; uglyIts the thing to do: Its the right, proper or fashionable thing to do. in t

23、he swim: conforming to the current fashions, or active in the main current of affairsslip: to pass, move, etc. smoothly, quickly or easilyslipped into high gear: began to work at high speed or efficiency. A machine is in high gear when the arrangement of gears provide the greatest speed but little p

24、ower.gear: any of several arrangements, esp. of toothed wheels in a machine, which allow power to be passed from one part to another so as to control the power, speed or direction of movement. (齿轮传动装置；排挡)narrowly: adv. (fml.) in a thorough and usu. doubting way 彻底的； 追根究底的The teacher questioned the b

25、oy narrowly about why he was late.affirm: v. to declare (usu. again, or in answer to a question or doubt) 肯定；确认She affirmed that she was telling the truth.The minister affirmed the governments intention to reduce taxes.stroke: v. pass the hand over gently, esp. for pleasure 抚摸The cats like being str

26、oked.He stroked his beard reflectively. 他捋着胡子在沉思。I stroked my chin thoughtfully.我若有所思的抚摸着下巴。covet: v. (esp. bibl or humor) to desire eagerly (esp. sth. belonging to another person) 觊觎；垂涎to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart” stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good

27、 sense”. cerebral: ad. (fml. humor) conceived by the intellect rather than the emotions. 理智的gracious: ad. polite, kind and pleasant, esp. in a generous way 亲切的；和蔼的；仁慈的；有礼貌的Busy as she was, she was gracious enough to show us around her housespecification: n. a detailed plan or set of descriptions or

28、directions 规格； 说明The designer drew up his specifications for the new car.With one omissionperfectly: Except for one thing (intelligence) Polly had all the other requirements (beauty and grace).pin-up: (American colloquialism) designating a girl whose sexual attractiveness makes her a subject for the

29、 kind of pictures often pinned up on portions: lines, shape of the bodysupply the lack: supply what is wanting.makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something 素质；必要因素He has the makings of a good doctor./ The story has all the makings of a great movie.car

30、riage: n. (sing) the manner of carrying oneself, bearing the manner of holding ones head, limbs, and body when standing or walking; physical posture 仪态；体态Dancing can improve the carriage. 舞蹈能增进体态美。erectness of carriage: a noun plus an “of” phrase helps to emphasize the noun “erectness”. So also “eas

31、e of bearing” and “best of breeding”.bearing: n. the way a person holds his body or behaves; deportment 举止；姿势；风度She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding. “bearing” and “carriage” are synonymous(同义词）. “Bearing” in comparison denotes man

32、ner of carrying or conducting oneself and refers to characteristic physical and mental posture. “Carriage” specifically stresses the physical aspects of a person.specialty of the house: the special dish which the restaurant or cafeteria sellspot roast: meat, usually a large cut of beef cooked in one

33、 piece by braisinggravy: n. U the juice which comes out of meat as it cooks, thickened with flour, etc., to serve with meat and vegetables (加了面粉用于调味的)肉汁dipper: a long-handled cup esp. for dipping 长柄勺 sauerkraut: 德国泡菜a dipper of sauerkraut: a small cupful of pickled chopped cabbageveer: v. to turn or

34、 change directionThe car went out of control and veered across the road. 汽车失去了控制，突然转向冲向大路对面。smarten up: to improve in appearance; cause to become neat or stylishWe smarten the office up with a fresh coat of paint. 我们新刷一层油漆使办公室焕然一新。Smarten yourself up before you go in to the interview. 你去面试之前，把自己打扮得漂

35、亮点。dumb: ad. (American colloquialism or slang) stupid, moronic; unintelligentkeen: ad. (American slang) good, fine, excellent, etc.: a general term of approvalkid: (American colloquialism) a young persongo steady: (American colloquialism) to date someone of the opposite sex regularly and exclusively

36、; be sweetheartsout of the picture: not considered as involved in a situationfield: an area where games or athletic events are heldopen: free to take part or compete in (games being held in the field)wink: v. to close and open (one eye) rapidly, usually as signal between people, esp. of amusementHe

37、winked at her and she knew he was only pretending to be angry.She gave me a wink.A transferred epithet. He said mysteriously with a wink (the wink itself was not mysterious)gamy=gamey: ad. (of meat) having the strong taste of game which has been hung up for some time before cooking (肉)有浓烈的野味味道的gamy

38、object: the raccoon fur coat which had a strong tainted(腐坏的) smellStutz Bearcat: name of an automobileHoly Toledo: an interjectional compound (like holy cow! holy smoke!) to express astonishment, emphasis, etc.reverent: ad. showing a feeling of reverence 恭敬的They all maintained a reverent silence. 他们

39、都保持肃静。opposite: irreverentpelt: n. the skin of a dead animal with or without the fur or hair on it 死动物的生皮，带毛的兽皮mince: v. to lessen the force of , weaken, as by euphemism. If you do not mince your words, you tell sb. sth. unpleasant without making any effort to be polite or to avoid upsetting them.I

40、never mince words, you know that.fling: v. to throw violently or with forceShe flung her shoe at the cat.Every morning he flings the windows open and breathes deeply.stoutly: adv. bravely, determinedly, resolutelyHe defended himself stoutly against their accusations（指控）tear: v. to divide with doubt,

41、 uncertainty, etc.; agitate; tormenta heart torn by griefwaif: n. (esp. lit) an uncared-for or homeless child or animala pitiful little waif 可怜的流浪儿set his jaw: He put his jaw in a fixed or rigid（僵硬的，严格的） position. This action shows fixed, unyielding determinationswivel: v. move roundThe chair swivel

42、ed to the right when he tried it.wax: v. esp. of the moon to grow gradually largerwane: v. to grow gradually smaller or less after being full or complete 逐步变小，变少；逐步衰落The moon waxes and wanes every month. mad lust: frantic, insane, overmastering desireFinally he didnt turn away at all; he just stood

43、and stared with mad lust at the coat.Hyperbole. Its an exaggeration to describe his great longing for the coat as “mad lust”. He just stood there, looking with great longing at the coat.“What's Polly to me, or me to Polly?” He has no reason to weep over losing Polly. Petey goes on rationalizing（

44、有理化）.conscience 良心，道德心casual kick: (American colloquialism or slang) an occasional pleasurelaughs: (American colloquialism or slang) mere diversion or pleasurecomply: v. act in accordance with a request, order etc. He reluctantly（嫌恶的，不情愿地） complied with their wishes.The factory was closed for failin

45、g to comply with government safety regulations.bunch: v. to (cause to) form into one or more bunches or close groups 使聚成堆/群The captain told the players not to bunch (up) together, but to spread out over the field.mound: n. of (1) a pile of earth, stones, etc. often one built in ancient times as a de

46、fence or over a grave; small hill 土石堆，土岗，土丘a burial mound 坟堆 (2) a large pile of a mound of papers on my deskSimile, comparing Petey in the fur coat to a large pile of dead raccoons.deal: (American slang) an unethical transaction or agreement from which both parties benefit, specifically, the securi

47、ng of favored treatment by extortion(敲诈) or bribery（贿赂）Gee: an exclamation of surprise, wonder, etc.Delish: clipped vulgar form for “delicious”loom: v. to come into sight without a clear form, esp. in a way that appears very large and unfriendly, causing fear. 隐约出现If sth. looms, it appears as a prob

48、lem or event that is approaching, or that will soon happen, a rather literary use.This looms as a big question for many new parents.no small: Understatement, restraint or lack of emphasis in expression, as for rhetorical effect. 保守的陈述, 掩饰Litotes/Understatement: A figure of speech consisting of an un

49、derstatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite, 曲言法, 间接表达法, 反语法 (以反面的否定代替肯定的词格)not bad = very goodno easy = very difficultThis is no small problem=This is a very big/serious problem.dimension: n. (1) a measurement in any one direction, extentLength is one dimension and wi

50、dth is another.Time is sometimes called the fourth dimension.(2) a particular side or part of a problem, subject, etc.; aspect 问题等的方面，部分There is another dimension to this problem which you havent considered.got to: (Americanism) began to, started tophysical charms: beautiful face and figureway she e

51、ntered a room: carriage and poise of bearingway she handled a knife and fork: refined table mannersI had all the facts at my finger tips: I was completely familiar with all the facts.have at ones finger tips: to be completely familiar with; to have available for instant useI pickednext date: On our

52、next social engagement day I called on her to take her along with me.pick up: to stop for (to call on) and take or bring alongKnoll: the name of the campus meeting place. Perhaps it was given this name because it was a small mound or hillock.trysting place: meeting place, esp. where lovers meet secr

53、etlywince: v. to move suddenly as if drawing the body away from sth. unpleasantShe winced as she touched the cold body.by all means: of course; certainly, expressing her approvalbatting her lashes: blinking or fluttering her eye-lashes rapidly to show pleasurable excitementMetonymy(换喻）. Otherwise yo

54、u have committed a logical fallacy called “a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid”But this is marvy: But this is marvelous (wonderful)It will be better if: a request showing displeasuredesist: v. (fml.) from to stop doing sth.The judge told the man to desist from threatening his wife.“Really?”

55、said Polly, amazed. “Nobody?” (Para.76) Two elliptical rhetorical questions. It is really true that nobody at the University of Minnesota can speak French?hid my exasperation.The narrator was greatly irritated or annoyed by Pollys stupidity. He controlled his voice and temper to hide his true feelin

56、gs.exasperation: n. U extreme anger or annoyanceexasperate: v.In sheer exasperation, she gave the machine a kick. /她气急败坏的踢了这台机器一脚。I fought off a wave of despair: I struggled to keep away the feeling of despair.I was gettinggirl: I was making no progress with this girlget nowhere: to make no progress

57、; accomplish nothingI am nothing persistent: a case of a double negative making a positive. I am very persistent.“You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.” (Para.82) Metonymy(转喻）. You have committed the logical fallacy called post hoc (ergo propter hoc).contrite: ad. (old use or lit.) fe

58、eling or showing guilt or sorrow for ones actions 悔悟的；痛悔的contritely: adv.contrition: n.a contrite apology 痛悔的道歉chirp: v. make short sharp sounds of small birds or some insects, say or speak in a way that sounds like this. 发啁啾声；唧唧叫；吱喳叫She chirped (out) her thanks.blink: v. to shut and open the eyes quickly, onc