医学专业英语前后缀及词根参考模板

1、a-无，缺 anemia贫血 atonia无张力 asymptomatic无症状的 amenorrhea闭经ab-分离 abduct 外展 abscision切除acou (acu)-听觉 acumeter 听力计 acouophone助听器acro-肢端 acromegaly肢端肥大症 acromastitis乳头炎ad (af, an)-邻近，向上 adrenal 肾上腺 adaxial近轴的 annexa附件-ad侧 ventrad向腹侧 cephalad向头侧adeno-腺 adenocyte腺细胞 adenoidism腺体病adipo-脂肪 adiposis肥胖症 adiponecr

2、osis脂肪坏死adreno-肾上腺 adrenocorticoid肾上腺皮质激素 adrenalin肾上腺素 adrenal肾上腺-aemia(emia)血症 bacteremia菌血症 leukemia白血病-albi (albino)-白色 albumin白蛋白 albinism白化病-algesia痛觉 hypoalgesia痛觉减退-algia痛 arthralgia关节痛cephalgia头痛neuralgia神经痛alkali-碱 alkalosis碱中毒alveo-牙槽，小沟 alveolitis牙槽炎 alveobronchiolitis支气管肺泡炎ambi-复，双 ambi

3、opia复视 ambivert双重性格ambly-弱 amblyopia弱视 amblyaphia触觉迟钝amylo-淀粉 amyloidosis淀粉酶 amylase淀粉酶angio-血管 angiography血管造影术 angioedema血管性水肿 angeitis脉管炎 angiofibroma血管纤维瘤ante-前 antenatal出生前的 anteflexion前屈antero-前 anterolateral前侧壁 anteroventral前腹侧anti-抗，反 antibiotics抗生素 antihypertensives降压药 anticoagulant抗凝剂rarch

4、no-蛛网膜 arachnoiditis蛛网膜炎archo-肛门，直肠 archorrhagia肛门出血 archosyrinx直肠灌注器arterio-动脉 arteriospasm动脉痉挛 arteriosclerosis动脉硬化arthro-关节 arthrocentesis关节穿刺 arthrotomy关节切开术 arthritis关节炎-ase酶 oxidase氧化酶 proteinase蛋白酶-asthenia无力 myasthenia肌无力 neurasthenia神经衰弱audio(audito)-听力 audiology听觉学 audiometer听力计auto-自己 aut

5、oimmune自身免疫 auto hemotherapy自体血疗法bacilli-杆菌 bacillosis杆菌病 bacilluria杆菌尿医学 全在.线提供bacterio-细菌 bacteriology细菌学 bactericide杀菌剂baro-压力 barometer 压力计 baroreceptor压力感受器bary-迟钝 barylalia言语不清 baryacusia听觉迟钝bi-双 bicuspid二尖瓣 bilateral两侧的bili-胆汁 bilirubin胆红素bio-生命 biology生物学 biopsy活检-blast母细胞 spermatoblast精子细胞

6、melanoblast成黑色素细胞 osteoblast成骨细胞brachy-短 brachypnea气短 brachydactylia短指畸形brady-迟缓 bradycardia心动过缓 bradypsychia精神不振broncho-支气管 bronchoscopy支气管镜检查 bronchiostenosis支气管痉挛 bronchitis支气管炎bronchiolo-细支气管bronchiolectasis细支气管扩张calci-钙 calcification钙化 calcicosilicosis钙沉着症carbo-碳 carbohydrate碳水化合物 carbohaemia碳酸

7、血症carcino-癌 carcinogen致癌物cardio-心，贲门 cardiotonics强心剂 cardioplasty贲门成形术-cele疝，肿物 omphalocele脐疝 hysterocele子宫脱垂 ophthalmocele眼球突出celio-腹 celialgia腹痛 celioscopy腹腔镜检查-centesis穿刺 arthrocentesis关节穿刺术 abdominocentesis腹穿cephalo-头 cephaloxia斜颈 cephalopathy头部疾病 cephalotomy穿颅术cerebello-小脑 cerebellitis小脑炎 cereb

8、ellum小脑cerebro-大脑 cerebritis大脑炎 cerebrology脑学chemo-化学 chemotherapy化疗chloro-绿，氯 chloroform氯仿 chloromycetin氯霉素 chlorophyll叶绿素cholangio-胆道 cholangitis胆管炎 cholangiectasis胆管扩张cholo-胆 cholagogue利胆剂 cholelithiasis胆石症 cholecystitis胆囊炎 cholesterol胆固醇chondro-软骨 chondrosarcoma软骨肉瘤 chondrification骨软化chromo-色素 c

9、ytochrome细胞色素 chromosome染色体-cide杀剂 germicide杀菌剂 aborticide堕胎药circum-周围 circumoral口周的 circumcision包皮环切术coagulo-凝固 coagulant凝血剂colo-结肠 colotomy结肠切开术 coloptosis结肠下垂colpo (coleo)-阴道 coleospastia阴道痉挛 colposcope阴道镜contra-反，逆 contraindication禁忌证 contraceptive避孕药counter-反，逆 counteragent拮抗剂 conuterpoison解毒剂c

10、ranio-颅 craniomalacia颅骨软化 cranioclasis碎颅术-cyst-囊 cystomy膀胱切开术 dacryocyst泪囊-cyte-细胞 lymphocyte淋巴细胞 cytolysis细胞溶解 de-除去 detoxication解毒dento牙 dentistry牙科学 dentalgia牙痛-derm-皮肤 epiderm表皮 dermatology皮肤病学 dermoplasty皮肤成形术dextro-右 dextrocardia右位心 dexiotropic右旋的dis-分离 discission分离术 disinfection消毒法duodeno-十二指

11、肠 duodenitis十二指肠炎 duodenostomy十二指肠造口术-dynia痛 acrodynia肢体痛 urethrodynia尿道痛dys-异常 dysfunction功能不良 dyshormonism内分泌障碍 dysuria排尿困难医学全在线-ectasis扩张 gastroectasis胃扩张 aerenterectasia肠胀气 bronchiectasia支气管扩张-ectomy切除术 appendectomy阑尾切除术 lipectomy脂肪切除术-edema水肿 encephaledema脑水肿 myxedema粘液性水肿-emesia呕 hematemesia呕血

12、 helminthemesia吐虫encephalo-脑 encephaloma脑瘤 encephaledema脑水肿endo-内 endocarditis心内膜炎 endoscope内窥镜entero-肠 enteritis肠炎 enterovirus肠病毒epi-上，外 epigastrium上腹部erythro-红 erythromycin红霉素 erythroderma红皮病esophago-食管 esophagoscope食管镜 esophagitis食管炎extra-外 extracellular细胞外的 extrasystole额外收缩facio-面 facioplegia面瘫

13、facioplasty面部成形术-fast耐 acid-fast抗酸的 uviofast耐紫外线febri-热 febricula低热 febrifacient致热的feti-胎儿 feticulture妊娠期卫生 fetometry胎儿测量法fibro-纤维 fibroblast成纤维细胞 fibrosis纤维化fore-前 forebrain前脑 forehead前额-form形状 oviform卵形的 granuliform颗粒状的fungi-真菌，霉菌 fungicide杀真菌剂 fungistasis制霉菌作用gastro-胃 gastroptosis胃下垂 gastroenteri

14、tis胃肠炎 gastroscopy胃镜检查 gastratrophy胃萎缩-gen 原，剂 glycogen糖原 pathogen病原体 androgen雄激素 Estrogen雌激素-genic性 cardiogenic心源性的 allergenic变应反应giganto-巨大 gigantocyte巨红细胞gigantism巨大症gingivo-牙龈 gingivitis牙龈炎 gingivostomatitis牙龈口腔炎glosso-舌 glossoplegia舌瘫痪gluco-糖 glucoprotein糖蛋白 glucocorticoid糖皮质激素glyco-糖 glycogen糖

15、原 glycouria糖尿-grade级，度 centigrade摄氏温度计 retrograde逆行性-gram克，图 microgram微克 electroencephalogram脑电图-graph(y)仪（法） electrocardiogram心电图 bronchography支气管造影术gyneco-妇女 gynecology妇科学 gynecopathy妇科病hemo(hemato)-血 hemoglobin血红蛋白 hematoma血肿hemi-半 hemiplegia偏瘫 hemicrania偏头病hepato-肝 hepatitis肝炎 hepatocirrhosis肝硬化

16、 hepatosplenomegaly肝脾肿大hidro-汗 hyperhidrosis多汗症 anhidrosis无汗症histo-组织 histology组织学 histomorphology组织形态学holo-全 holonarcosis全麻 holoenzyme全酶homo-同 homotype同型 homologue同系物homoplasty同种移植术hydro-水 hydropericardium心包积水hydrolysis 水解hypr-高 hypercalcemia高钙血症hyperthyroidism甲亢hypno-睡眼 hypnotics安眠药 hypnotherapy催眠

17、疗法hypo-低 hypotension低血压 hypoglycemia低血糖hystero-子宫 hysterospasm子宫痉挛 hysteroptosis子宫下垂-ia病 melancholia忧郁症 pyrexia发热-iatrics医学 pediatrics儿科学 geriatrics老年病学-iatry医学 psychiatry精神病学 pediatry儿科学immuno-免疫 immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白 immunotherapy免疫疗法infra-下 infraorbital眶下的 infrared红外线inter-间 intervertebral椎间的 inter

18、cellular细胞间的intra-内 intravenous静脉内的 intracranial颅内的 intramuscular肌肉内的-ist家 pathologist病理学家 anatomist解剖学家-itis炎症 cellulitis蜂窝织炎 myocarditis心肌炎leuco (leuko)-白 leucorrhea白带 leukocytosis白细胞增多 leukemia白血病lipo-(脂) lipotrophy脂肪增多 lipase脂酶-lith结石 cholelith胆结石 cholelithiasis胆石症-logy学 terminology术语学 Cardiolog

19、y心脏病学lumbo-腰 lumbosacral腰骶部的 lumbago腰背痛 lumbodynia腰痛lympho-淋巴 lymphedema淋巴水肿 lymphocytopenia淋巴细胞减少-lysis(lytic)松解，分解了 aythrolysis关节松解术 spasmolytic解痉的macro-大 macrophage巨噬细胞 macromolecule大分子mal-不良 malnutrition营养不良 malfunction功能不全-megaly巨大 cardiomegaly心扩大 cephalomegaly巨头畸形meningo-脑膜 meningitis脑膜炎 menin

20、gocephalitis脑膜脑炎meno-月经 dysmenorrhea痛经 menopause停经-meter表，计 spirometer肺活量计 pyrometer高温表-metry测量法 iodometry碘定量法micro-小 micropump微泵 microliter微升mono-单- mononucleosis单核细胞增多 monomer单体multi-多 multinuclear多核的 multipara经产妇myelo-髓 myelocele脊髓膨出 myelocyte髓细胞myo-肌 myocarditis心肌炎 myofibroma肌纤维瘤 naso-鼻 nasoscop

21、e鼻镜 nasitis鼻炎neo-新 neoplasm瘤 neomycin新霉素nephro-肾 nephropathy肾病 nephrosclerosis肾硬变neuro-神经 neuroma神经瘤 neurodermatitis神经性皮炎non-非 non-electrolyte非电解质 nonfetal非致命的nulli-无 nullipara未产妇 nulligravida未孕妇nutri-营养 nutrition营养 nutrology营养学oculo-眼 oculist眼科医生 oculus dexter右眼 oculus sinister左眼oligo-少 oligophreni

22、a智力发育不全 oliguria少尿-oma肿瘤 adenoma腺瘤 osteoma骨瘤onco-肿瘤 oncology肿瘤学 oncogene癌基因医.学 全在.线提供ophthalmo-眼 ophthalmocele眼球突出 ophthalmoplegia眼肌麻痹-osis病 cirrhosis肝硬化 mycosis霉菌病osteo-骨 osteomalacia骨软化 osteoarthritis骨关节炎oto-耳 otolith耳石 otoplasty耳成形术 otopyosis耳化脓pan-全 panimmunity多种免疫 pantalgia全身痛 pantatrophia全身营养不

23、良-para产妇 primipara初产妇 nullipara未产妇-pathy病 dermatopathy皮肤病 Cardiomyopathy心肌病pedia-儿童 pediatrician儿科医师 pediatrics儿科学-penia减少 leucopenia白细胞减少 thrombopenia血小板减少per-经 percutaneous经皮肤的peri-周围 pericarditis心包炎 perianal肛周的pharmaco-药 pharmacokinetics药代动力学 physicochemistry药典physio-物理 physiotheraphy理疗 physicoch

24、emistry物理化学-plasty成形术 angioplasty血管成形术 homoplasty同种移植 gastroplasty胃成形术-plegia瘫 paraplegia截瘫 hemiplegia偏瘫pleuro-胸膜 pleuritis胸膜炎 pleurocentesis胸腔穿刺术-pnea呼吸 orthopnea端坐呼吸 tachypnea呼吸急促pneumo-气，肺 pneumothorax气胸 pneumococcus肺炎球菌poly-多 polyuria多尿 polycholia胆汗过多post-后 postpartum产后 postoperation术后pre-前 prem

25、enopause绝经前期 premature早搏 preload前负荷pseudo-假 psudohypertrophy假性肥大 psudomembranous假膜的psycho-精神，心理 psychology心理学 psychiatry精神病学-ptosis下垂 nephroptosis肾下垂 hysteroptosis子宫下垂-ptysis咯 pyoptysis咯脓 hemoptysis咯血pyo-脓 pyorrhea溢脓 pyosis化脓radio-放射 radiotherapy放疗 radiology放射学recto-直肠 rectitis直肠炎 rectectomy直肠切除术ret

26、ino-视网膜 retinitis视网膜炎 retinodialysis视网膜分离rhino-鼻 rhinitis鼻炎 rhinorrhea鼻漏-rrhagia出血 gastorrhagia胃出血 hemorrhage出血 pneumorrhagia肺出血-rrhaphy缝合术 neurorrhaphy神经缝合术Vasorrhaphy输卵管缝合术-rrhea流出 diarrhea腹泻 menorrhea月经schisto-裂 schistosomiasis血吸虫病 schistoglossia舌裂scirrho-硬 scirrhosarca硬皮病 scirrhoma硬癌sclero-硬 scl

27、eroderma硬皮病 sclerometer硬度计-scope(y)镜，检查 stethoscope听诊器 otoscope耳镜 proctoscopy直肠镜检查法semi-半 semicoma半昏迷 semiliquid半流汁spondylo-脊椎 spondylopathy脊椎病 spondylitis脊椎炎医.学 全,在.线,提供-stomy造口术 colostomy结肠造口术 ilecolostomy回结肠吻合术sub-下，亚 subacute亚急性 subabdominal下腹部的super-在上 superficial浅的 superoxide超氧化物supra-上 suprav

28、entricular室上性的 suprarenalism肾上腺机能亢进tachy-快 tachycardia心动过速 tachypnea呼吸急促-therapy治疗 massotherapy按摩治疗 pharmacotherapy药物治疗thermo-热 thermometer温度计 thermatology热疗学thrombo-血栓，血小板 thrombolysis溶栓 thrombocytopenia血小板减少症 thrombosis血-tomy切开术 tracheotomy气管切开术 ovariotomy卵巢切开术tracheo-气管 tracheoscope气管镜 tracheorrh

29、agia气管出血trans-经，转移 transurethral经尿道 transfusion输血-trophy营养 dystrophy营养不良 atrophy萎缩ultra-超过 ultraviolet紫外线 ultrasound超声utero-子宫 uteroscope子宫镜 uterotonic宫缩剂vaso-血管 vasomotion血管舒缩 Vasodilator血管扩张剂1 人体主要器官前缀名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology脑 brain encepholo- cereb

30、ral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃 stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠 intestine

31、entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾 kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemogl

32、obin/hematoma血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经 nerve neur-/neyro- neurol

33、ogy/neuritis/neuron细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome 3与数字有关的前缀数字 前缀 示例一（单） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三

34、 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十 dec

35、a- decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色 通用名 前缀 示例色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leuk

36、ocytuira黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple绿 green棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G粉红 pink oink frothy sputum绯红 crimson青铜 bronzed bronzed di

37、abetes注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis减少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythro

38、cytopenia/granulocytopenia无 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨 macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyel

39、osis/pandemic6与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义 前（后）缀 示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症 -it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-

40、/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea坏死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7与方位有关的前缀含义 通用词 前缀 示例上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epith

41、elium/supracostal下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre- 后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外 outer

42、/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial间 between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周 around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra- centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/对 opposite co

43、unter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：in vivo/invaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/insaitju:/原位8与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例切除 -ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开 -tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合 -stomy duodenoenteros

44、tomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术 -plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形 ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影 -graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography经 trans- transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。9与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义 前（后）缀 示例酸盐 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal酮 -one acetone/progesterone/ketone糖 glyco- glycogenol