202X版高考英语二轮复习第一部分板块二题型一第二讲推理判断题课件

1、研题型解锁疑难做真题感悟高考目 录ONTENTS刷题组题型突破第一部分 专项增分练板块二 语篇板块 阅读理解 阅读七选五 完形填空题型一 阅读理解第二讲推理判断题做真题做真题感悟高考感悟高考 真题体验透视命题规律真题体验透视命题规律(2019高考北京卷高考北京卷B)Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur (创业者创业者)，who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy.By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with th

2、e invention of a supersweet treat that could save kids teeth, instead of destroying them. It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad.On the outing，she was offered a candy bar.However，her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth.But Moore was sick of missing out on candies.

3、So she desired to get round the warning，“Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it？” With that in mind，Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company.He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier

4、candy would contain.With her dads permission，she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and toothfriendly.She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.Consequently，she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using nat

5、ural sweeteners，which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards，she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner，who finally agreed to sell Moores productCanCandy.As CanCandys success grows，so does Moores credib

6、ility as a young entrepreneur.Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created，and shes also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile，with her parents help，Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.Although s

7、he founded her company early on in life，she wasnt driven primarily by profit.Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.She donates 10% of AilieCandys profits to Big Smiles.With her talent and determination，it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore. 语篇解读语篇

8、解读主题：人与自我主题：人与自我(做人与做事做人与做事)；话题：创；话题：创新与创业意识。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位少年创新与创业意识。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位少年创业成功的故事。小女孩业成功的故事。小女孩Alice Moore面对问题不退缩，想办法面对问题不退缩，想办法解决问题，经过两年的调研和多次实验，最终创业成功。她解决问题，经过两年的调研和多次实验，最终创业成功。她也给更多的孩子带来了健康和微笑。也给更多的孩子带来了健康和微笑。34How did Moore react to her dads warning?AShe argued with him.BShe tried

9、 to find a way out.CShe paid no attention.DShe chose to consult dentists.解析：解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词warning可直接定可直接定位到第二段第五句，该句表示位到第二段第五句，该句表示Alice Moore想要解决父亲提出想要解决父亲提出的问题，因为她不愿意放弃享用糖果的机会，故的问题，因为她不愿意放弃享用糖果的机会，故B项项“她试她试图找到解决的办法图找到解决的办法”为正确选项。为正确选项。答案：答案：B35What is special about CanCandy?AIt

10、is beneficial to dental health.BIt is free of sweeteners.CIt is sweeter than other candies.DIt is produced to a dentists recipe.解析：解析：推理判断题。推理判断题。CanCandy为语篇的线索性词汇，它是为语篇的线索性词汇，它是Alice Moore的公司研发的新产品。题干是问的公司研发的新产品。题干是问CanCandy的特的特别之处，由此定位到第三段第一句，根据本句内容可知，它别之处，由此定位到第三段第一句，根据本句内容可知，它“既可口又对牙齿无害既可口又对牙齿无害

11、”，故，故A项项“它有益于牙齿健康它有益于牙齿健康”正正确。确。答案：答案：A36What does Moore expect from her business?ATo earn more money.BTo help others find smiles.CTo make herself stand out.DTo beat other candy companies.解析：解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.”可可知，

12、知，Alice Moore希望每位小朋友都有洁净的牙齿和灿烂的笑希望每位小朋友都有洁净的牙齿和灿烂的笑容。容。B项意为项意为“帮助别人找到笑容帮助别人找到笑容”，与原文意思相符。，与原文意思相符。答案：答案：B37What can we learn from Alice Moores story?AFame is a great thirst of the young.BA youth is to be regarded with respect.CPositive thinking and action result in success.DSuccess means getting per

13、sonal desires satisfied.解析：解析：推理判断题。文章介绍了推理判断题。文章介绍了Alice Moore年纪虽小，但面年纪虽小，但面对问题不退缩，积极思考，想办法解决问题，勇于创新，最对问题不退缩，积极思考，想办法解决问题，勇于创新，最后创业成功的故事。故后创业成功的故事。故C项正确。项正确。答案：答案：C在高考阅读理解试题中，推理判断题是仅次于细节理解在高考阅读理解试题中，推理判断题是仅次于细节理解题的重点题型。该题型主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，题的重点题型。该题型主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过逻辑关系和细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的通过逻辑关系和细节

14、的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。析、推理、判断。研题型研题型解锁疑难解锁疑难题型突破揭示命题热点题型突破揭示命题热点在推理判断题题干中常含有表示在推理判断题题干中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推论表明、暗示、推论”的词汇，如的词汇，如infer，imply，suggest，c

15、onclude，learn，intend，mean，show等。有时提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如等。有时提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的词，如等和其他表示可能性的词，如probably，most likely，seem等。这类试题常以如下句式发等。这类试题常以如下句式发问：问：1What can we conclude from this passage?2We can infer from the passage that . 3Where can you read this passage?4From the passage

16、 we can draw the conclusion that .5From the last paragraph we can infer that .6The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that .7What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? 8Whats the authors attitude towards .?9What is the main purpose of the passage?要做

17、好推理判断题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选要做好推理判断题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征：项的特征：正确选项特征正确选项特征：1“立足原文，只推一步立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。推得。2选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only，never，all，absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，c

18、ould，possibly，probably等。等。干扰选项特征：干扰选项特征：1主观推断：没有基于原文进行推断，而是根据常识推断。主观推断：没有基于原文进行推断，而是根据常识推断。2过度推断：有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做出评过度推断：有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做出评论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起。不意味着就买不起。3错误推断：某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不错误推断：某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等。符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等。4以细节代替推断：只是

19、原文简单的复述，而非推断出来以细节代替推断：只是原文简单的复述，而非推断出来的结论。的结论。1根据特定信息推理判断根据特定信息推理判断题型技法：推理判断题题型技法：推理判断题锁定特定信息法锁定特定信息法(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷D)During the rosy years of elementary school (小学小学)，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes，which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my t

20、weens and teens，and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes，breaking rules and playing jokes on others，among whom I soon found myself.32What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?AUnkind.BLonely.CGenerous. DCool.解题

21、步骤：解题步骤：第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息 根据题干中的关键信息根据题干中的关键信息early years of elementary school可定位到本段第一句可定位到本段第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school，I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes.”。第二步：分析、推理、判断第二步：分析、推理、判断 根据本段第一句的句意和根据本段第一句的句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选

22、C项。注意不要受本项。注意不要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项，因为那是项，因为那是作者青少年时期的情况。作者青少年时期的情况。 (2018高考全国卷高考全国卷 C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small,

23、 tightly knit (联系联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.28What can we infer about languages in huntergathere

24、r times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely connected.解题步骤：解题步骤：第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息 根据题干中的关键信息根据题干中的关键信息languages in huntergatherer times，找到文中的找到文中的“When the world was still populated by huntergatherers .they spoke perhaps 1

25、2,000 languages between them.”第二步：分析、推理、判断第二步：分析、推理、判断 分析这几句话可知，一万年前，当世界上只有分析这几句话可知，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。由此推断，采猎文明时种语言。由此推断，采猎文明时期的语言种类很多。故选期的语言种类很多。故选B项。项。 2利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断题型技法：推理判断题题型技法：推理判断题语境褒贬法语境褒贬法(2019高考全国卷高考全国卷B)But hes nervous.“Im here to tell

26、you today why you should.should.” Chris trips on the “ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many nonnative English speakers.His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“.Vote for.me.”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，W

27、haley invites the rest of the class to praise him.Whaley got the idea of this secondgrade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just l

28、earning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀夸耀) about themselves.“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities，”Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”27Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teache

29、r?AHumorous. BAmbitious.CCaring. DDemanding.解题步骤：解题步骤：第一步：读文并了解第一步：读文并了解Whaley作为老师的性格特点作为老师的性格特点 根据题干问题找到文中的根据题干问题找到文中的“His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.”和和“He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.”以及最后一句。以及最后一句。第二步：分析语境，进行信息推断第二步：分析语境，进行信息推断 文章介绍了文章介绍了Whale

30、y老师通过创办老师通过创办“总统竞选项目总统竞选项目”，组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。根据文中的组织学生演讲来帮助学生增强自信。根据文中的“His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.”和和“.Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.”等细节也可看出等细节也可看出Whaley老师是一个关心学生的老师，老师是一个关心学生的老师，故选故选C项。项。(2017高考天津卷高考天津卷A)Suppose youre in a rush, feeling tired,

31、not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.Realisation will probably set in seconds after youve clicked “send”You freeze in horror and burn with shame.What to do？Here are four common email accidents，and how to recover.36After realising an email accident,

32、 you are likely to feel .AcuriousB tiredCawful Dfunny解题步骤：解题步骤：第一步：读文并了解主人公的特定心理和情绪状态第一步：读文并了解主人公的特定心理和情绪状态 根据文中的关键词根据文中的关键词“feeling tired” “in trouble” “freeze in horror and burn with shame”可知主人公的糟糕情绪和烦可知主人公的糟糕情绪和烦躁的心理。躁的心理。第二步：分析语境，进行信息推断第二步：分析语境，进行信息推断 文章第二段说，在你点击文章第二段说，在你点击“发送发送”数秒钟后你就意识到数秒钟后你就意

33、识到自己的错误，结合下文的自己的错误，结合下文的“freeze in horror and burn with shame”可知，人们意识到可知，人们意识到“邮件事故邮件事故”后，可能会感觉糟后，可能会感觉糟糕，因此选糕，因此选C项。项。3根据上下文的逻辑得出结论根据上下文的逻辑得出结论题型技法：推理判断题题型技法：推理判断题逻辑推理法逻辑推理法 (2018高考全国卷高考全国卷C)When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议建议) parents looking for data a

34、bout the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.30Why do many parents limit electronic reading?AEbooks are of poor quality.BIt could be a waste of time.CIt may harm childrens he

35、alth.DEreaders are expensive.解题步骤：解题步骤：第一步：寻找相关信息第一步：寻找相关信息 文中的相关信息文中的相关信息“It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.”第二步：对文中信息进行分析、推断第二步：对文中信息进行分析、推断 分析第一步找到的信息可知许多父母限制孩子电子阅读，分析第一步找到的信息可知许多父母限制孩子电子阅读，主要是担心增加他们看电子屏幕的时间，也就是怕伤

36、害孩子主要是担心增加他们看电子屏幕的时间，也就是怕伤害孩子的视力，即损害他们的健康。连接词的视力，即损害他们的健康。连接词due to对解决该问题起对解决该问题起了关键作用。故选择了关键作用。故选择C项。项。4根据作者的观点、态度进行信息推断根据作者的观点、态度进行信息推断题型技法：推理判断题题型技法：推理判断题作者的观点、态度法作者的观点、态度法 (2018高考北京卷高考北京卷D)Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesnt

37、extend the worst aspects of the carcontrolled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan f

38、or it.50What is the authors attitude to the future of selfdriving cars?ADoubtful.BPositive.CDisapproving. DSympathetic.解题步骤：解题步骤：第一步：抓文中关键信息，把握作者的观点和态度第一步：抓文中关键信息，把握作者的观点和态度 根据题干中的关键词根据题干中的关键词“authors attitude”和和“the future of selfdriving cars”可知本题考查的是作者对无人驾驶汽车可知本题考查的是作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来的态度。根据这个关键信息，回到原文中的

39、的未来的态度。根据这个关键信息，回到原文中的“The coming technological advancement presents.We just have to plan for it.”第二步：分析、推理、判断第二步：分析、推理、判断 分析原文中的信息可推知作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来的分析原文中的信息可推知作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来的态度是充满希望的。因此选态度是充满希望的。因此选B项。项。阅读理解阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和和D四个选项中，选四个选项中，选出最佳选项。出最佳选项。A Go. Stop. Go. Stop. The travel

40、 signals in my head were conflicting.“Are you sure you want to head to Greece this November with Kathleen？”asked my husband.“The weather could be unpleasant.” 刷题组刷题组题型突破题型突破 即时演练巩固复习成果即时演练巩固复习成果 “You must go，”said my friend Larry，who talked about having spent Thanksgiving on Santorini.“Its a wonderl

41、and.”With his encouraging words，I booked our flights to Athens and included two Greek islands：Santorini and Crete.A sunny Saturday afternoon welcomed us to Eleftherios Venizelos Airport in Athens.During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknowntous foods.No annoying lines of tourists e

42、ither as we saw sights on the Athens “A” list.And then came Wednesday. The flight to Santorini was yoyoed by wind gusts of up to 40 miles an hour. Fira, usually a muchphotographed tourist destination，was chilly, rainy.empty.With rain beating our faces，Kathleen and I headed for our hotel and checked

43、in for a threenight stay.“This isnt how I want to spend my holiday，”said Kathleen.“Maybe Crete isnt experiencing the same storm.Can we fly out later today？”Her question mirrored my own thoughts.But we couldnt leave.Wed just arrived.Payments for the hotel and rental car would be lost，and costly lastm

44、inute plane reservations needed.“Lets not decide right now，”I suggested.During the next few days，we drove around despite the showers.At a restaurant named Poseidon，on our third night，we waited and waited for dinner.“Your dinner will be out shortly.The chef was busy studying something beautiful，”our

45、waiter explained.Seeing our puzzled look，the waiter then said，“He went out for a smoke，saw a beautiful girl and began to chat.”Suddenly，Kathleen laughed.Instead of complaining，she leaned back and out came a loud，happy sound.An attitude adjustment into grace (优雅优雅)，I realized，had been happening since

46、 our arrival.“You know，Mum，you cant live a positive life with a negative mind，”she said.Grace surrounds us.The challenge is to let go of anxieties and worries，the tendency to complain.A sunny attitude can let grace shine.语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者和女儿在淡季去本文是一篇记叙文。作者和女儿在淡季去希腊旅行，乐观的心态让她们发现窘境中的美好。希腊旅行，乐观的心态让她们

47、发现窘境中的美好。1What did the authors husband think about her trip to Greece?AIt was pleasant.BIt was illadvised.CIt would be costly.DIt would be eyeopening.解析：解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Are you sure”和和“The weather could be unpleasant.”可知，作者的丈夫认为可知，作者的丈夫认为在这个季节去希腊不是一个明智的选择。在这个季节去希腊不是一个明智的选择。答案：答案：B2How

48、were the authors first few days in Greece?ADelightful. BBusy.CStruggling. DAnnoying.解析：解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的推理判断题。根据第四段中的“During the next few days Kathleen and I tried a lot of unknowntous foods. No annoying lines of tourists either as we saw sights on the Athens A list.”可知，作者母女二人前几天的旅游还是可知，作者母女二人前几天的旅游还

49、是相当惬意的。相当惬意的。答案：答案：A3Why did Kathleen laugh at the restaurant Poseidon?AShe got excellent service.BShe enjoyed the food there.CShe wanted to comfort the waiter.DShe saw the humor of the situation.解析：解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“An attitude adjustment into grace (优雅优雅).”和和“you cant live a positi

50、ve life with a negative mind”可知，虽然饭菜迟迟不上，但作者可知，虽然饭菜迟迟不上，但作者的女儿选择了乐观面对，她不仅没有抱怨，还从侍者的话中的女儿选择了乐观面对，她不仅没有抱怨，还从侍者的话中感受到了幽默，因此她放声大笑。感受到了幽默，因此她放声大笑。答案：答案：D4What does the author want to show by telling her experience?AThe role of grace.BThe benefits of travelling.CThe power of positive thinking.DThe importa

51、nce of understanding.解析：解析：写作目的题。最后一段是全文的升华。从其中的写作目的题。最后一段是全文的升华。从其中的“let go of”和和“A sunny attitude”可知，作者写此文主要是为了说可知，作者写此文主要是为了说明积极的心态对于我们的重要意义。明积极的心态对于我们的重要意义。答案：答案：CBFor your next outofthisworld vacation，you now have the option of literally going out of this worldbut itll cost you $40 million.Then

52、 again，can you really put a price tag on having the time of your life？According to a new report from Popular Mechanics，Russia is looking to build a luxury hotel in outer space.There you will wake up to a breathtaking blue planetthe earth! The hotel is expected to be stationed on the International Sp

53、ace Station (ISS)While space tourism itself isnt exactly a novel idea，the notion of building a hotel out there hasnt been raised before.Really，other companies are still focused on the transportation part of the puzzleafter all，a trip to space is enough for most folks.According to Popular Mechanics，t

54、he hotel will include a luxury orbital suite with big windows，personal hygiene (卫生卫生) facilities，exercise equipment，and yes，WiFi.Because if you cant share your experience on social media，did it really even happen?Of course，the reasons behind the hotel arent just for fun and games.Apparently，space tourism might be able to help the Russians pay for another module to add to the International Space Station.Russian space contractor RKK Energia is cur