2020-2021届高考英语二轮复习之时态语态导学案

1、最新Word高考语法复习之动词的时态和语态导学案【学习目标】1.掌握12种高考常考时态及相应语态；2.能熟练运用这些时态及相应语态，并合格完成巩固练习。【要点梳理】一、高考常考的12种时态及相应语态（以及物动词raise为例）时态名称主动形式被动形式（仅限及物动词）一般现在时raise 或 raisesare/is raised一般过去时raisedwere/was raised一般将来时will raise; shall raise（相 当 于 will raise,仅限人称 ）;is/are going to raise; is/are to raisewill be raised; sh

2、all be raised（ 相will be raised ,仅限 人称 ）;is/are going to be raised; is/are to be raised现在进行时are/is raisingare/is being raised过去进行时were/was raisingwere/was being raised将来进行时will be raisingwill be being raised （极少用）现在完成时have/has raisedhave/has been raised现在完成进行时have/has been raisinghave/has been being

3、done （极少用）过去完成时had raisedhad been raised过去完成进行时had been raisinghad been being raised （极少用）将来完成时would have raisedwould have been raised过去将来时would raise; were/was going to raise; were/was to raise 等would be raised; were/was going to be raised; were/was to be raised 等12种时态及相应语态用法时态名称用法例句一般现在时1.表示习惯性、永久

4、性或反复发生 的动作，常见状语后：often, always, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day, on Sundays 等。1. I go to the gym once a week.2. Rarely does he go to school late.3. From time to time humans are said to be eaten by wild animals.2.表示主语现在所具有的特征、性 格、能力或存在的状态。1. He is always ready to help others.2. She speak

5、s fluent English.3.表示客观规律、事实或普遍真理 以及不受时间限制的客观存在，也 用于格言警句中。1. All living things are made up of cells.2. Light travels faster than sound.4.表示计划或时刻表中安排要做 的事情，或要发生的动作。1. The tennis game starts at 8 tonight.2. My plane takes off at two a.m.5.时间、条件、方式或让步状语从 句中，表示将要发生的动作。1. We won't leave until you com

6、e.2. f it rains tomorrow, I 'll stay here.6.用于现场解说、操作演示或用于 新闻标题、历史简介、文学作品情 节描述等。1. Watch me. I mix it up with water.2. He Bits down and shivers a little.The clock outside strikes twelve.7.用丁 here, there, now, then开头的1. Here comes the bus.倒装句中。2. There she goes.3. Now comes your turn.一般过去时1.表示过去某

7、一具体时间发生的 动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去 的时间状语连用。1. I met an old friend the other day.2. He got injured at work yesterday.3. I saw her come back just now.2.表示过去一段时间内经常或反 复发生的动作，通常由一个表示过 去的大时间限定。1. As a child, I couldn 't do whatever I wanted to.2. I often visited her two years ago.3.在大时间为过去的背景下，时 间、条件、方式或让步状语从句

8、中 常用一般过去时表7T过去将来的动 作。1. She told me that she would come if I promised to wait for her.2. He said when the manager came back, he would send me a message.4.在没有时间状语的情况下，依据 上下文或符合逻辑的过去的时间所 发生的动作。1. Could you please repeat your address? I didn't quite catch it.2. The novel was written by Lu Xun.5.以下时

9、间状语也可以用一般过 去时：today, tonight, this morning, this week, this month, this year 等。1. Did you get_ any mail today?2. I saw him in the shopping mall this afternoon.6. since引导的时间状语从句和It'stime that从句常用一般过去时。1. It ;s two years since he went away.2. It's time that we had dinner.一般将来时1.以现在为基准，表示将要发生的

10、动作(英国英语中第一人称常用 shall,美国英语中各人称均用will ),常与表示一般将来的时间状语连 用，如 tomorrow, next year 等。1. No one knows what will happen in the future.2. He won't go to visit his parents next week.3. I shall know more as time goes on.2.以现在为基准，表示将来经常发 生的动作、情况或状态。1. If I 'm not so busy, I will come to see you every we

11、ekend.2. I shall come as often as possible.3. will ”表将来的三种情况：(1)(按自然规律)将、必然会；(2)事先没有考虑而临时作出决定；(3)表示事物的倾向性或规律性。1. Man will die. 人终有一死。2. It's going to rain. I 'll go home to close the windows.3. Boys wjJJ_be_boys.男孩终究是男 孩（改不了男孩子特有的习惯）。4. be going to ”表将来的两种情况：(1)打算做某事；(2)某客观迹象预示某事即将发生。1. -Ann

12、's in hospital. I know that. I'm going to visit her tomorrow.2. The boat is leaking! It's going to sink.5. be to do表tk将来的二种情况：(1)计划、安排要做的事；(2)按命令、要求、约定或义务该做 的事；(3)表示假设或意图(常用于条件状 语从句中)。1. The conference is to be held next Saturday.2. No one is to leave here without permission.3. If you ar

13、e to study abroad, you must learn English well.6. be about to do表小马上要做某 事，除与When”连用外不与其他时 间状语连用。1. Hurry! The bus is about to leave.2. I'm not about to stop when I 'm so close to success.成功在望，我岂能 罢手？7. be due to do表tk按时间表要做 的事或计划中设定要做的事。1. The flight is due to leave at 8 a.m.2. Your work is

14、due to be finished by Friday.8. Will do”也常用于“祈使句+and/or+you+will do sth ”的句型中。1. Keep on working hard and you 工 succeed sooner or later.2. Hurry up, or you 'll be late.现在进行时1.表示现在某个时刻正在进行的动作，常见时间状语后：now, rightnow, at this moment 等，或由 look, listen等引出的表小说话当时的语 境。1. The telephone is ringing. Would

15、you answer it, please?2. My radio is being repaired now.3. Hurry up! We re all waiting for you.2.表示现在某段时间内持续进行的动作，常见时间状语后：thesedays, this week (month, term, .), at present 等。1. What js he doing in Beijing these days? -He is attending an international conference.2. She is working for a company at pre

16、sent.3.与 always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time 等连用,表小说 话人对主语的行为持有或好或坏的 感情色彩。1. He's always asking silly questions.2. Conditions are changing all the time.3. She is always helping others.4. 表示位直移动的词，如begin,start, go, come, leave, arrive, stay 等， 可用现在进行时表示近期内将要发 生的动作。1. They are l

17、eaving for Paris this afternoon.2. Stay here and wait! The bus js arriving soon.5. are/is being+形谷词表小主语暂 时出现的某种情况或品质。1. The boy is being naughty again.2. You are being foolish.过去进行时1.表小过去某个时刻正在进仃的 动作，常见时间状语后：at that time, at this time yeaterday, when I arrived 等。1. What were you doing at 4 p.m. yest

18、erday? I was writing an essay.2. When he called me, I was having dinner.2.表示过去某段时间内持续进行 的动作。1. I was studying abroad from 1990 to 1994.2. I was tidying my bedroom the whole morning.3.同现在进行时相似，与 always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time等连用，表小说话人对主语 的行为持有或好或坏的感情色彩。1. She was always being

19、late for school when she was a school girl.2. He was constantly playing games while in college.4.与现在进行时相似，表示位置移动的词，如 begin, start, go, come,1. He told me that he was leaving for Paris the next day.leave, arrive, stay 等，可用过去进行 时表示近期内将要发生的动作。2. Mother asked me whether I was coming back for lunch.5.表示过

20、去打算进行但未实现的 动作，后面常跟一个由but引导的句子，表示转折的语气。1. They were expecting you the whole day, but you didn 't turn up.2. I was coming, but an old friend of mine came to see me.6.在表示过去的复合句中，延续时 间较长的动作常用过去进行时，而 另一动作常用一般过去时。1. He feJ! asleep when he was reading.2. I was walking in the street when someone called

21、me.3. She didn't hear the phone because she was listening to the radio.7.直接引语中，为表小委婉或小确 定，有时也用过去进行。常见动词 有 hope, wonder, think, expect 等。1. I was wondering if you would like to come to my party.2. I was thinking maybe he could go by taxi.将来进行时1.以现在时间为基准，发生在将来 某点时间的动作。I will be attending a meeting

22、 this time tomorrow.2.以现在时间为基准，在将来某段 时间内持续进行的动作。We'll be watching a football match from 9 to 11 tonight.3.委婉询问对方计划。Will you be travelling this weekend?现在完成时1.表示过去发生的或说话之前已 完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响 或结果，不具体涉及动作发生的时 间。常与 already, never, ever, before, just, not . yet, still, recentl, lately 等 连用。1. The rain

23、has already stopped.2. 一 Have you ever been to London?-No, I have never been there.3. My task hasn't been finished yet.4. There have been some changes in my hometown lately.2.表示过去某时开始直持续到 现在的动作或状态，该动作也许已 终止，也许还会持续。常与表示段 时间的状语连用,如since sb did sth, for five years, so far, up to now 等。1. He has wor

24、n glasses since his childhood.2. We have lived here for five years.3. So far he has been to 30 countries.4. I have read two books this week.3.用在时间、条件、原因等状语从 句中，代替将来完成时，表示从句 的动作先于主句的动作完成。1. Once you have made a promise, you must keep it.2. I'll go with you when I have finished my work.4.表示反复或习惯性动

25、作，常与several times, once, twice 等词连用。1. I have met him twjce-this week.2. I have seen the film three times.5.时间状语为 for the last three weeks, in the recent years, during/ in/over/within the past few years 等 时，也常用现在完成时。1. Great changes have taken place in this city in the last three years.2. Much progr

26、ess have been made in science during the past few/ years.6.在“最高级+名词+定语从句”或 “这是第几次+定语从句”两种情况1. I'm afraid this is the worst-movie I have ever seen.中，定语从句的时态通常用现在完 成时。2. Tom, this is the third time you have failed in the exam.7.非延续性动词的否定式可以表示延续的状态，可与状语for sometime 或 since sb did sth 连用。1. I haven

27、't bought anything for two weeks.2. They haven't left the lab since yesterday.8.有表示段时间的状语时，不可使 用非延续性动词的肯定式，必须使 用延续性动词的肯定式。(乃 His grandma has died for three years.(V) His grandma has been dead for three years.现在完成进行时1.表示从过去某时间开始，某动作 一直延续到现在（说话时刻或最近 刚刚结束的动作）1. Hi, Tracy, you look tired. I have

28、 been painting the living room.2. -I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long. -That's nothing. I have been reading a novel.2.表示从过去某时间开始，某动作 一直延续到现在（说话时刻），并可 能继续下去。1. I have been waiting for her for an hour, but she hasn't turned up yet.2. He's ill. He's been lying in bed for two

29、 days.过去完成时1.表小到过去某一时刻为止已兀 成的动作，常与“ by+过去时间”连 用，通常使用非延续性动词。1. By the end of last year, we had learned about 2,000 English words.2. By the time I got home, everyone had gone to bed.2.表示一个动作在另一个过去的 动作之前已完成。常与"before/ when+过去时间”连用。1. The film had already begun when we arrived at the cinema.2. They

30、 had worked for two hours before I got there.3.过去完成时也常用于主句 般过去时的宾语从句中。She realized that she had left the keys at home.4.表示过去本要做而未做成，常见 动词有 hope, want, expect, think, mean, plan, suppose, intend 等。We had planned to go on a picnic yesterday, but it was raining.5.在“hardly/scarcely/rarely.when ” 和“no so

31、oner.than”两个句型中， 主句常用过去完成时。Hardly had he finished his job when the boss came in. 或 He had hardly finished his job when the boss came in.他一完成工作老板就走了进来。过去完成进行时与现在完成进行时相似，过去完成 进行时表示在过去某时间点之前一 直在进行的动作，到这个时间点为 止，该动作也许已完成，也许还会 持续下去。1. The fans had been waiting for almost two hours before the star finally

32、arrived.2. He had been reading for about an hour when the telephone rang.将来完成时以现在时间为基准，到将来某时间点为止已完成的动作，常与“by+将来时间”连用。1. By next July, I 'll have graduated.2. By the time you come back, we will have finished our work.过去将来时1.过去将来时常用在宾语从句中， 表示从过去的观点看，在将来发生 的行为或存在的状态，表不从句动 作发生在主句之后。1. He said he wou

33、ld wait for us at the station.2. I thought he would accept the invitation, but he refused.2. would do sth 口表示过去的习惯 性动作。Whenever I had trouble, he would come to my aid.3. were/was going to do 表/、过去的 打算。Last Sunday we were going to have a picnic, but it rained hard.4. were/was about to do 或 were/was o

34、n the point of doing 表不止要做某 事。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang. = I was on the point of going to bed when the phone rang.5. were/was to do表不计划或安排做 某事。He said the meeting was to be held next Friday.三、几种易混时态的区别现在完成时 一般过去时*现在完成时强调过去发生的某一 动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强 调的是现在的情况。* 一般过去时单纯表示过去的动作 或状态，和现在不发生联

35、系。1. I have seen the film.（表小对电影 内容有了 了解。）I saw the film last week.2. Have you had lunch?（没吃过的话 就招待你吃点或什么的）Did you have lunch?（随便问问）现在完成时现在完成进行时* 非延续性动词的现在完成时强调 结果或动作已完成并已终止。* 延续性动词的现在完成时强调结 果或动作已完成，也可能持续下去。* 如果强调某结果或动作从过去某 点时间开第L直在进行，且有可能 持续下去，则更多使用现在完成进 行时（一般只用延续性动词）。1. It ;s no use hurrying. The

36、train has already left.2. He has lived here for three years. （也许已不住，也许仍住。）3. He has been living here for three years.（强调还会住下去）一般将来时 将来进行时一般将来时强调动作发生在将来， 但发生时间并不精确到某点时间或 某段时间。将来进行时则强调将来某点或某段 时间发生的动作。1. I will go abroad next year. （发生 明年某个时间，具体时刻不确定）2. I will_be travelling in Europe the whole next wee

37、k.（整个下周该动作 一直会进行）【典型例题】（）1. The musician along with his band members ten performances in the last threemonths. （2019江苏高考第 22题）A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give答案B。考查时间状语"in the last three months”的常用时态。（）2. A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith in love with the peopleand c

38、ulture there. （2019 江苏高考第 29 题） A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell答案D。考查时间状语"a few months after he had arrived in China ”的常用时态。通 常由after引导的时间状语采用一般过去时态。（）3. They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals by 2022 for the Beijing WinterOlympics. （2019江苏高考第 33题）最新 WordA. will installB.

39、 will have been installedC. are installedD. have been installed答案 B 。考查时间状语“by 2020”的对应时态 将来完成时，语态为被动。() 4. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we moreconvenient electronic communication tools by then. (2018 江苏高考第31 题 )A. have developed B. had developed C. will have deve

40、loped D. developed 答案Co考查“ by then"(即“ by 2025”)的对应时态 一将来完成时。() 5. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan in the pasttwo years. (2018 江苏高考第30 题 )A. had been carried outB. would be carried outC. is being carried outD. has been carried out答案A。 “ in the past two years

41、 ”的对应时态通常为现在完成时，但因为本句大时间立足过去，且截止时间也为过去，所以采用过去完成时。() 6. - Hi, I m Peter. Are you new here? I haven t see-n- yHoeulloa,roPuentedr. I m Bob.I just on Monday. (2018 北京高考第1 题 )A. startB. have started C. startedD. had started答案Co句中的时间状语“ on Monday”表示一般过去的时间，故用一般过去时。() 7. Susan had quit her well-paid job a

42、nd as a volunteer in the neighborhood when Ivisited her last year. (2018 北京高考第4 题 )A. is workingB. was working C. has workedD. had worked答案 B。 “ when I visited her last year ”表示过去的点时间，故用过去进行时。() 8. China hsigh-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres in the past fewyears. (2018 北京高考第7 题 )A. ar

43、e growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown答案B。"in the past few years”是一个典型的现在完成时的标志性时间。() 9. My washing machine this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018 天津高考第13 题 )A. was repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. has been repaired答案Co本句的时态是通过语境理解出来的，本句的时间状语是“ this week”，并不

44、能确定用什么时态，但根据语境， “我的洗衣机正处于被修理过程中， 所以我只能手洗我的衣服。”()10. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who in the mountains for twodays. (2018 北京高考第9 题 )A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped答案D 。首先根据时间状语“for two days ”可确定用完成时，参照动作 risk 采用一般过去时态，故动作 trap 应该发生在risked

45、之前， 再确定语态为被动，故用 had beentrapped。【巩固练习】1. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightingsaround human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing. (2019 全国卷 I, 语法填空 )2. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, si

46、x (be)stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. (2019 全国卷 I, 语法填空 )3. Picking up her “ Lifetime Achievement ” award, proud Irene (declare) she had noplans to retire from her 36-year-old business. (2019 全国卷 II ，语法填空)4. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make) o

47、ver the years.（2019 全国卷 II ，语法填空）5. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and （recommend） wonderful places toeat, shop, and visit. （2019 全国卷 III ，语法填空）6. On the last day of our week-long stay, we （invite） to attend a private concert on abeautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listeni

48、ng to musicians and meeting interesting locals. （2019 全国卷 III ，语法填空）7. While running regularly can t make you live forever, the review says it （be） moreeffective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. （2018 全国卷 I, 语法填空 ）8. Since 2011, the country （grow） more corn than rice. （2018 全国卷

49、 II ，语法填空）9. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government （start） a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. （2018 全国卷 II ，语法填空）10. True to a gorilla s unaggressive nature,

50、the huge animal （mean） me no real harm.He was just saying: “I m king of this forest, and here is your reminder! ” （2018 全国卷 III ， 语法填 空）11. When fat and salt （remove） from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. （2017 全国卷 I ，语法填空）12. Fast food （be） full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get moresalt and fat than they need in their diet. （2017 全国卷 I ，语法填空）13. Steam engines （use） to pull the carriages