教育资料（2021-2022年收藏的）英汉翻译教程教案

1、英汉翻译教程教案一、翻译史：有语言就有翻译1. how long: about 2000 years西方：公元前3世纪2. 翻译高潮climax公元前四世纪：古希腊文化（三人用拉丁语）公元前四六世纪：罗马帝国后期（中世纪），以宗教文献为主 圣经拉丁语中世纪后期（13-14世纪）：巴格达成为研究古希腊文化的中心文艺复兴时期（14-16世纪）：大量译著和翻译家二战以后，翻译范围扩大3我国的翻译高潮1）东汉唐宋：佛经翻译三大翻译家：玄奘：第一个 鸠摩罗什：天然西域之语趣 真谛2）明末清初：科学著作 外文中文3）五四前：严复、林纾等严复的翻译标准：faithfulness信 expressivenes

2、s达 elegance雅4）建国后初10年，毛、马、列著作中文，苏联等社会主义国家的文学著作5）1978年后（改革开放）：西方学术著作和文艺作品：中译外文，量少质劣二、Whats translation?三、可译性？1. 字的音和形法不可译Practice makes perfect. （押头韵）Able was I are I saw Elba. （拿破仑说）不到厄岛我不倒（通韵味，但乏对称性）2直译和意译Armed to the teeth: fully armedStrike while iron is hot.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。滴水穿石。旧瓶装新油。火上浇油。throw ones h

3、at into ring 竞技莎士比亚驯悍记Your three inch fool三打一水浒3意译Many kiss the baby for the nurses sake. 醉翁之意不在酒。Im afraid shes too far away from the cradle for you. 恐怕她对你来说太老了。as sweet as a nut甜得像蜜一样He who wants to eat nut must first crack it. Until ambition 不到黄河不死心。Pluck evil（意译） by the root（直译）. 斩草除根。Its the qu

4、estion of the egg and the chicken. 这是说不清的问题。四、翻译的过程理解：英文水平好 结果 前提表达：中文水平好 校核：1理解阶段1, 2, 3, 4, 13He satisfied me that he would do the work well. （make me sure使相信）There are machines scientists developed.2. 表达阶段：直译、意译5The Scarlet Letter（霍桑著）五、英译汉常用的方法和技巧derog贬义词：ambitiousdistinguished著名的outstanding杰出的f

5、amous, well-knownprominent杰出的noted著名的celebrated notorious臭名昭著的（一）词类转译（1）1转译成动词（汉语中动词用得多）Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦/想。Down found them on the halfway. 黎明时候，他们走在大街上。My admiration for him grew more. 我越来越钦佩他。Indo-China is a drain on French resources. 印度支那战争不断消耗法国资源。2. 转译成名词2, 17She knows whats wh

6、at. 她有鉴别力。动词My father was between the jobs at the time. 这时我父亲失业。She was between sheets（睡在被窝里） by eleven last night. She modelled between roles. 她不演戏的时候就当模特。She said between sobs. 她边哭边说。（二）词类转译（2）1. admitconfess承认不好的事情acknowledge承认自己原不想承认的事情recognize承认所说的品质、身份avow公开承认2. enduretoleratebearstand3. exer

7、cises：把划线部分转译成形容词1) He found on the issue, as on Berlin, an identity of approach.他发现在这个问题上，也像在柏林问题上一样，意见是非常一致的。2) Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.独立思考对学习来说，是绝对必需的。3) The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她当时的情绪。4) The sun rose,

8、thinly from the sea.淡淡的太阳从海上升起。5) There is increased demoralization.士气越来越消沉。6) He was still more surprised at the sigularity of the strangers.他看到那个陌生人的外表非常古怪就更加惊奇了。7) He sometimes, as I thought, bored me down more by his fluency, than by the strength of his reasons.我想他有时只能把我推到，不是因为他理由充分，而是因为他口才好。8)

9、Looking back the effrontery was quite something.回顾那自高自大的镜头，真够呛！9) Adenauer doubted the desirability. Adenauer认为举行最高级会议不一定合适。10) Belandes admission brought to light the entire hypocrisy of the statement made by the representatives of the Anglo-American bloc about the defence of rights of individual f

10、reedom. Belande所承认的事实证明英美集团代表的所谓保障个人自由的说法完全是假的。（三）增词法（4，5节）*为了意义上的和修辞上的需要1) Such was the mood across the former Soviet Union as the old order was ushered out and new one was rung in, on a day when every action prompted reaction. 当旧制度被送走，新制度被迎来的时候，在每一个行动都立刻引起反响的日子里，整个苏联上上下下都持怀疑和观望的态度。2) As I know she

11、 was anxious to get home, and between fire, food and pickpockets, could never be considered at ease for half an hour in London. 因为我知道她极想回家，同时既怕房子着火，又要弄点吃的，又怕遇见小偷，所以她在伦敦一刻也不能安心。3) Father would pore over the items, calling out to her to tell him what this was, or that, in a vain attempt to boring orde

12、r out of this feminine chaos. 父亲对这项目进行仔细审阅，叫母亲告诉他这笔是什么，那笔是什么，企图从女性所记的混乱账目中理出个头绪来，但有毫无结果。4) He is a complicated man -moody, mercucial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人-喜怒无常、反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。*为了汉语行文特点的需要1) Sanctions admittedly pressed harder on some countries than others. 制裁措施对一些国家的压力显然比对其他国家的要大。2) In

13、this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchingly informed. 怀着这种心情，我进入外交界，满怀热情，但是知识肤浅得很。3) He demanded, and got a complete new military picture by cutting the defence budget and giving Li May much of what the Air Force wanted. 他要求军事上出现崭新的局面，其方法是削减国际预军，把空中所需要的东西给李梅，这种新局面果然出现了。1) A

14、ll of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. 大家都读过一些故事，故事中的主人公将寿终正寝。这些故事感人肺腑，催人泪下。2) In stories the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune. 在故事中死在眉睫的主人公往往在最后的刹那间由于突然间时来运转或福从天降而转危为安或起死回生。3) When we are in buoy

15、ant health, death is all but unimaginable. 当我们身强力壮、风华正茂时，几乎不可能想到死亡之事。4) The days stretch out in an endless vista. 日复一日，年复一年，似乎岁月无限，时光永流。*为了句法上的需要1) We dont retreat, we never have and never will. 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。2) Kettle calls the pot black. 五十步笑百步。3) Histories make man wise; poems witty; mat

16、hematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; morality grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 历史使人聪明，诗歌使人灵巧、灵秀，数学使人精细严谨，自然哲学使人深沉，伦理使人庄重，逻辑和修辞使人擅辨。4) At the time of Kennedys assassination, Kissinger felt that ( ) a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. 肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果肯尼迪再任一届总

17、统的话，大概不是立大功，就是闯大祸。*为了表达原文内在意义或风格上的需要1) If you are not young, he said, it sure helps to be single. 若不是年轻力壮，至少是一个单身汉，家里没有什么累赘的人才好。2) ( I think they see it all in very different ways, for they are not at all alike). One is sphinx, one seems almost removed, and one sees it all. 一个好像木刻石雕像，对一切漠不光心，无动于衷，一个

18、好像是远处观景，模模糊糊，一个是明察秋毫，了如指掌。3) Society then had not lost its exclusiveness nor its brilliance. 当时的上流社会，还有一些才华出众的人，而且依然是壁垒森严，不容下层人涉足。4) P4例4，55）I couldnt describe the relations between our two countries as better, essentially franker, than I had known them. 我可以说，我们两国之间的关系比我所知道的以往任何时候都更好，其基本特点是能更坦率地交换彼此

19、的意见。Lady Hemits who Are Down But Not Out 潦倒的流浪女A Wrong Man in Workers Paradise 误入工人天国的人The Hour of Letdown 放松畅饮的时刻Look for Rusty Rin (寻找阴暗面)杞人忧天/自寻烦恼四字词组：言简意赅Somebody tapped me on the shoulder, I looked up from the exercise books of my young pupils, which I was just correcting, into the lined, kindl

20、y face of a little sister. 有人轻轻拍了拍我的肩膀，我放下正在批改的小学生的作业本，抬头一看，原来是那做杂艺的修女，布满皱纹的脸，她是面目和善的小个子。（四）重复法（C4S6&7）concise报刊的特点：Accuracy, Brevity, Clarity重复的目的：明确，强调，生动（实际上是一种增词法）1、重复代词或其它名词1) Ours will no longer be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. 我们的民族再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族了。2) The people of Africa are

21、waging (carrying out) a hard struggle for the complete emancipation of the continent. 非洲人民正在为非洲的彻底解放进行艰巨的斗争。2、重复动词1) so that art which does not meet the demands of the struggle of the broad masses can be tansformed into art that does. 2) To win this victory with no require much more time and effort,

22、 but to consolidate will. 夺取这个胜利，不必花费太多时间和精力，但。3、重复表语so, as1) John is your friend as much as he is mine. (B as much/well as A)约翰既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。2) From the Chou and Qin dynasties onwards, Chinese society was feudal, as were its politics and economy. 自周秦以来，中国的社会是一个封建社会，其政治是封建政治，其经济也是封建经济。3) This is abs

23、olutely necessary and perfectly just, and the whole nation understands that its so. 这是绝对必要和完全正义的，全国人民都明百其必要性和重义性。4) We need rapid progress, not slow. 我们需要的是迅速的进步，而不是缓慢的进步。（五）替代法：替代词代替整个句子1) You are a bridge between the leadership and broad masses; through you the opinions of the broad masses are tra

24、nsimitted to the leadership and vice versa. 从下面传上来，从上面传下去。2) We must have a fundamental evaluation of a persons work and establish whether his achievements amount to 30 percent and mistakes to 70 percent, or vice versa. 我们应该对确定一个人的工作成绩是三分成绩七分错误，还是七分成绩三分错误应该有一个基本的评价。3) Therefore, not only the local a

25、uthorities have demands on central authorities, the same is true the other way around(反过来也一样). 因此，不但地方政府对中央政府有要求，反过来中央政府对地方政府也有要求。（六）省略法(The) horse is (a) useful animal. (省冠词)(A) wise man will not marry (a) woman who has attainments but no virture. 一个聪明的男人决不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。He looked gloomy and troubled

26、. 他看上去忧愁不安。We knew spring wa coming as we saw a robin. 我们看到一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。He declined to amplify on the presidents statement, since he had not read the text. 他没有看到总统讲话的文本，不愿加以发挥。If you write to him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你写信给他，永远是石沉大海。(Ode to West Wind 西风颂)If winter comes,

27、 can spring be farbehind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？Sunday is the day when Im least busy. 星期天是我最空的一天。(When) at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to look at his sister, and looked upon her gloomily. 最后他占到悬崖上转过身，忧郁地看看他的妹妹。(On Sundays)He was naturally proud and ambitionus, but (he) was honest and true, and alw

28、ays put the interest of (his) countrymen before (his) own. 他秉性高傲，而且野心勃勃，但却真诚正直，总是把国人的利益看得比自己的利益更重。But its the way I am, and try as (I) might, (I) havent been able to change it. 但这就是我的脾气，虽几经努力，但未能改变过来。（七）正反、反正表达法（带有否定词或否定词缀的）正反：英语从正面表达，译文从反面表达I said this was new (doctrine) to me. 这个事情，我从未听过。John was

29、a fool to danger. 约翰什么也不怕（天不怕，地不怕）。He was a stranger to sympathy. 他丝毫没有同情心。Herb may be dying somewhere, calling out for his mam and dad, and only strangers around him. Herb也许快要死了，嘴里喊着爹妈，身边连一个亲人也没有。I want everybody to have a fair deal(公平交易). 我希望大家都不吃亏。We are grown men, after all, let us settle the af

30、fair amicably. 我们又不是三岁小孩，难道就不能和平解决这个问题。Mrs. Dudgen (threateningly): Youd better keep a civil tongue(说话礼貌点) in your head! Mrs. Dudgen威胁说，你别而言恶语！So cheer up(振作起来), captain, and buy a flower off a poor girl. 别发愁了，长官，买咱穷人一枝花吧。Hawkins smies like a man able to take care of himself. Hawkins微笑着，好像是说别人无需为他操心

31、。Asia was passed over by the Industrial Revolution. 工业革命没有光顾亚洲。Disasters wear many masks. (proverb)灾难是难于预料的/天有不测风云，人有旦夕之祸。The government had something of a case. 政府也不是完全没有理由的。Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够，没能访问一些国家。Appearances are deceptive. 外表是靠不住的。They could acc

32、ept it with dignity. 他们可以不失尊严地接受他。It had been six or seven hours since I had had anything to eat, drink or smoke. 已经有六七个小时，我没While she liked his work, she pointed out areas where improvement was possible. 他喜欢她的作品，同时又指出了不足之处。We have been adding so many programs that the size and growth of the federal

33、 budget has taken on a life of its own. 项目一直在一个一个地增加，联邦政府的预算之大、增长之快已到了无法控制的地步。However, that those measures have had some effect would be a modest enough claim. 然而，说那些措施取得了一定效果，这种说法不能算是言过其实吧。反正：英语从反面表达，译文从正面表达They wont like the smell of you if you dont. 如果你不洗澡，他们会讨厌你身上的气味。Ive nothing smaller than six

34、pence. 我顶小的是六便士。Youcouldnt have come more fortunately. 你来得正好/巧。I want to know what I may take away with me, I dont want to be accused of stealing. 我想知道哪些东西我可带走，我怕落个偷东西的罪名。Mexico City is an earthquake zone, earth tremors are not unusual. 墨西哥城处于地震带，在那里地震是家常便饭。The examination left no doubt that the pat

35、ient died of cancer. 调查结果清楚地说明病人死于癌症。He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. 他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。It was said that someone had sown discord among them. 据说有人在他们中间挑拨离间。Such flights couldnt long escape our notice. 这样的飞行迟早要被我们发现。Ashurst saw at once that Phil was not all right. 艾舍斯特马上看出菲尔

36、出了毛病。Sir Percivals spies were not going to lose sight of me. 帕西法尔爵士的密探一直在监视我们的行踪。The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us. 这些事引起了我们的重视。For him the wheel of slumber was went to turn noiseless and slick and swift. 在他看来，时间在睡眠中总是过得很快，静悄悄就流走了。Generally she accepted the family life in all its

37、crowded inadequacy. 在通常情况下，她不是能够忍受她那拥挤寒怆的家庭生活的。The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him amid his tribulation. 苦难中，回国的念头一直在他心中萦绕。Evidentally he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch. 显然，他具有钓鱼者最重要的品质，那就是以钓为乐，钓多钓少一个样。It never occurre

38、d to me not to endeavor to do so. I was politically minded by nature. 我从未想到要打退堂鼓，我天生就是搞政治的。He never spared himself and so he made me work hard. 他自己就是拼命干的，所以我就也得拼命干。He carelessly glanced through the note and got away. 他马马虎虎地看了看那些便条就走了。7) 长句的译法：顺序法、逆序法、分译法、综合法定语从句的译法They would have had to live the res

39、t of their lives under the stigma that he had recklessly participated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have lauched a nuclear war. 他们可能已经不得不蒙着一种臭名而终其一生，这种臭名就是他贸然采取了一项行动，这项行动破坏了最高级会议，而且可以设想，还可能已经触发了一场核战争。被动语态的译法（被主）He said he was assured by the State Department that

40、 the US is willing to normalize relations with his country. 他说美国国务院向他保证美国愿意同他的国家恢复正常关系。Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market. 许多人呼吁要求建立阿拉伯的共同市场。As a soldier, he displayed courage and tactical skill, but was denied the chance for strategic greatness. 作为军人，他表现得

41、英勇善战，但他没有获得机会表现他伟大的战略才能。A new student is kept on probation for one semester. 新生按规定要见习一个学期。With the outbreak of the war, flights were stepped up. 由于战争的爆发，飞行任务日益增加。Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on the matters to be discussed. 在私人会晤之前，就所要讨论的问题，拟好了备忘录。The invincible defence of S

42、talingrad was matched by the commanding military leadership of Stalin. 在斯大林格勒，不但有坚不可摧的斯大林防线，还有斯大林英明的领导。The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。Its sincerity is illustrated not only by its proposal, but also by its deads. 诚意不仅表现在He said the Bagdad Pact has now been reduced to less

43、than a shadow. 巴格达条约现已名存实亡。What has just been written runs the risk of oversimplication. 上面所写的有过于简单之嫌。New Zealand had no knowledge of this and had not been consulted on this reported plan. 新西兰不知道此事，也没有人同他商讨过这个报道中的计划。He was made to repeat the structure of plastic bubble submercible. 人们要求他重述塑料球状潜水艇的结构

44、。It was believed that Edward Ducann would throw his hat in the ring. 据信，Edward Ducann将参加竞选。The ground was covered with pieces of paper, cigarette-end, old tyres.When he went into the laboratory, the teacher was followed by a silent procession of students. 当他走进实验室，一群列队行进的学生默默地跟着他。On their domestic st

45、ation events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly. 在他们的国内电台中，中东文件只是轻描淡写地报道了一下。（被被）So, after ten years, the old leader was ousted by a woman. 这样，十年以后，这老领导竟被一位女人撵下了台。He was described as being impressed by Tengs flexibility. 据说，邓的灵活态度给他留下了深刻的印象。The visitor was flattered and impressed. 这个来访者受宠若惊，深为

46、感动。He was released immediately after Batista fled Cuba. 巴士达逃出古巴后马上就获释了。The speech of January 12, 1950, . “Crisis in China” -An Examination on United States Policy has been called “one of the most brilliant as well as the most controversial speeches ever made by Secretary Acheson”. 1950年1月12日的讲话，即“中国

47、的危机对美国政策的审查”曾被称为是“艾奇逊国务卿历来讲话中最精彩而又最有争议的讲话之一”。But real influence is not built up by striking attitude by throwing insults. 真正的影响不是靠装腔作势，也不是靠大声辱骂而取得的。The secretary was aware that the final decision must be held open by President. 国务卿心里明白最后的决定必须由总统来做出。I decided that a further participation by me in pro

48、tracted negotiation or time-consuming message-carrying would inevitably be judged in effect as participation in negotiations which were a cloak to the continue of a military compaign. 我断定如果我继续参加旷日持久的谈判，或耗费时间地信息传递，将不可避免地被认为是实际上参与了这些谈判，而这些谈判只不过是继续进行军事活动的伪装。六、Exercises1. To be vain of ones rank or plac

49、e is to show that one is below it. （反正译）2. He knows nothing to his fellowmen, breathes nothing to his fellowmen. （重复）3. Other media closer to the scene dismissed Carter as a poor loser. （词类转译）4. He would never let those history books say of him that he had been content tosit on side lines, to be a g

50、entle leisurely President, letting events take their course.5. His halting English is adequate but does not do justice to the fluency of his thought. （四字词组）七、Materials for translation（一）词类转译1. It was no burden to me but a relief to dictate from my general body of knowledge acquired at the summit ful

51、l explanation to one I know so well. 我根据我在最高地位所获得的知识来向我所熟识的人说明情况，是一种解脱而不是一种负担。2. Roosevelt, said Summer Voice, a close observer at the time, demonstrated the ultimate capacity to dominate and control supreme emergency, which is the rarest and most valuable characteristic of any statesman. 当时一位密切注意形势

52、的观察家Summer Voice说，罗斯福在驾驭和控制紧急情况方面表现了高超的应变能力，而这种能力是任何一个政治家难能可贵的品质。3. By the first evening, the number of Germans on the island had been more than doubled, and was progressively reinforced - by parachute drop, by glider, and, from the second evening outward, by troop carriers. 第一天晚上，岛上的德国人增加了一倍以上，并且不断

53、用空投和滑翔机增援，从第二天晚上起，还用运输机来增援。4. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。5. He, amply provided with liberal accomplishments, and bound, if he kept the straight road, to attain all distinctions, was goaded by a spirit of haste, which impelled him to outpace first his eq

54、uals, then his superiors, and finally his own ambitions: an infirmity fatal to many, even of the good, who, disdaining the sure and slow, force a premature success, though destruction may accompany the prize. 他才华横溢，如果坚持走正道，就一定能得到一切荣誉，但是急躁情绪促使他首先想超过与他同等地位的人，接着又想超过地位比他高的人，最后想超过自己的野心，这是许多人的致命弱点，甚至一些优秀人

55、物也在所难免，他们不屑于稳固升迁，强求过早的成就功名，即使功名到手，随即就身败名裂，也在所不惜。6. No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of the old generations back 36 years. 难怪老一代的许多人见到这件东西就会想起36年前的往事。7. But I hated Sakamote, and I had a feeling hed surely lead us both to our ancestor. 但是我恨坂本，并预感到他肯定会领着我们去见祖先（送死）。8

56、. This is a consequence of allowing people to play a fulfilling role in the direction of their lives. 这是由于让人们在处理自己生活方面有所作为的结果。9. Until 1972, all efforts by the two nations to curb the nuclear arms race had founded on one point, US insistence on the right to make on site inspections of the Soviet str

57、ategic arsenal and Russias refusal. 到1972年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切势力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权观察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。（名动）10. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。（形动）11. Party officials worked long hours on meagre food in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。（介动）12. He said he did not know whether the Russians were ready for a showdown. 他说他不知道俄国人是否准备摊派。（名动）13. Churchill arrived in Washington to talk Roosevelt out of an early invasion of Europe. 丘吉尔劝说罗斯福把在欧洲开辟第二战场的时间拖延下去。（名动）14. Newspaper articles are