最新有机习题-前十章答案

1、2.填空题(1) 2,7-二甲基-5-乙基癸烷CH (CH 3)2第一部分第二章饱和脂肪烧习题答案1.选择题(1) A; (2) B;(3) C; (4) C; (5) B; (6) C; (7) D; (8) B; (9) B; (10)D(2) CH3-CH2CHCH2CH3CH3产3CH3(4)CH3-CCH2 CHCH3(7)自由基取代(8)(9) 3-甲基二环3.1.1庚烷(10)(12) 3-甲基二环3.3.1壬烷产(13) CH3-CCH3H2CH3CH 廿一CH2cH2cH2cH2cH3CH (CH3%Hx(14) sp3 和 109 28(15)iH3cJ(16) sp2 3

2、个sp2化轨道1个p轨道3.与出卜列反收的主厂物产(1)CHSC-CH2CH3(2)CH3Br(3) sp2 sp3(14) (CH3)2C=C(CH3)23.完成下列反应方程式 CH3CH(CH3)CH-O + (CH3)2C=O (2) CH.CU C(CHS)2 or C1,CH.C=CH2 f*lT(3) ClCHrCH=CH2 阴 CH2-OICH2C=C1I Br Br(5) C13CCII7CH2Br (6) B】CH2sH.c西(7) CH5CHrC-CH3 OHoQ-上 (1。)(CHC O 十 CH；COOHCHyg r( CC4.鉴别与分离下列各组化合物环己烷无变化环己烯

3、滨水高镒酸钾溶液r褪色正丙基环丙烷,【无变化正戊烷(2)乙基环丙烷滨水1-戊烯褪色Ag(NH 3)2+高镒酸钾不褪色1-戊快L灰白色沉淀环己烷（环己烯）冷浓硫酸， 分液漏斗分离上层环己烷，下层硫酸层(4)1、 工通入到Ag（NH3）2+八-口 一 乙烷（乙焕）二收集即可5.由丙烯合成下列化合物CH2=CH-CH 3 HBr/过氧化物,ch3cH2cH2Brch2=ch-ch3ch2=ch-ch3ch2=ch-ch3Br2 CH2=CH-CH2BrH2O - CH3CHCHH2SO4(6)OHCH2=CH-CH 3 Br2 + H2。A chhch 2BrBrOHBr2CH2=CH-CH 3 _

4、Br2 . CH2=CH-CH 2Br2- CH2BrCHBrCH 2Br局温6.由丙快合成下列化合物Lindlar催化齐HBr/过氧化物chX-CH3CH2=CH-CH3CH3CH2CH2BrCH-C-CH 3 Lindlar 催化剂,CH2=CH-CH 3CHW-CH3 HBr. CH3CBr2CH3Br2 + H2O2CH 3,HCH 2BrOHCHeCH3H2OHgSO4/H2so4 CH3-C-CH3CH.=CH-CH -CH、曲(4)ch2=ch-ch=chCH2=CH-CH=CH 21CH2=CH-CH=CH 2-2 +IIOCN CH2=CH-CNOIIO3Zn/H2OCHOC

5、HOmol Br 2 A BrCH2-CH=CH-CH 2Br CH2=CH-CH=CH 28.CH2BrCH2Br+ BrCH2KMnO 4/H2-HCH2COOHBQH2CHCH2COOH7.由1,3-丁二烯合成下列化合物 CHrCH=CH-CH2BtCII3BrCOCH35.以苯或甲苯为原料合成下列化合物。+ EINO, fFtFcCliNO.CiClCH3CH3CH 3cl无水AlCl 3CH3CH3COC1无水AlCl 3COCH3CH3cl无水AlCl 3xzCH3cl无水AlCl 3xZCH3浓HNO浓 H2SO4CH3Cl .无水AlCl 3o=cch2ch3CH2CH3COC

6、l无水AlCl3NO2CH3Zn-Hg HClCOOHKMnO4/H+J，XxzCOOHH2cH2cH36.比较下列化合物发生亲电取代反应的难易。NO2(2)C(CH3)3C(CH3)3C(CH3)38.CH3COOH3KMnO 4/H+CH3C(CH3)3HNO3浓 H2so4cil7cu-cii?第五章旋光异构习题答案1.选择题(1) B (2) D (3) A (4) B (5) D (6) B (7) A (8) C2.填空题(1) +66.50 ; +37.5 ; +9.4 ; (2)没有对称面和对称中心的分子一定是手性分子；定是；不一定是；不正确；(3)相等；相反；相等；不相等；0

7、;拆分；0;不可拆分;(4) D；COOH H-OHCH3CH3HO 十 H ;CH2CH3H3CH2C一一CHBr(5)对映异构体；非对映异构体；非对映异构体;(6) R-1-氯-1-澳丙烷(7) S3,4-二甲基-1-戊烯(8) 与2-澳丁烷(9) (2S,3R)-2-甲基 8,3-二澳丁烷(10) (3E,6R)-3,4,6-三甲基-3-辛烯A.3.CH -C-CH-CH 2CH3 B. CH2=CH-qH-CH 2CH3 C. CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CH34.A有旋光性B无旋光性A.orCHB.CH=CH3 -HCH2CH3第六章卤代煌习题答案1.选择题(1)C;(2

8、)B; A (3) D; (4) A; (5) A; (6)A、D; (7)D; (8) A; (9) B; (10)A; (11) C; (12) A;2.填空题 (1)CH 3CHICH 3CH3CHBrCH 3CH3CHClCH 3;(2)CH 2=CHCH 2BrCH2=CHCH 2CH2BrCH3CH=CHBr;CH2=CHCH 2CH2BrCH2=CHCH 2BrCH3CH=CHBr;CH3CH3CCH2cH3(3) ClCH3CH2CHClCH 3 CH 3CH2CH 2CH2ClCH3CH=CHCH 3, CH2=CHCH 2CH3, (CH3)2CH = CHCH 3CH2B

9、rCH2CH2BrBr(4)(5H3CH2CBrHCH3E2 - H3CH2C/HBrh -C CH3H反-2-戊烯（6） 2-甲基-2-氯丁烷；（7） R-2-氯丁烷;(8) (2S, 3E) -3-乙基-4-苯基-2-氯-3-己烯；(9) R-2-戊醇，Sn2; (10) Sn1, Sn2CH3CHCH3COOH3.完成下列反应，写出主要产物或反应条件。(1) CH3CHBrCH3, CH3CHCNCH 3,(CH3)2C =CHCH 3CH2CICH2OH(3) L(4) CH3C1/A1C1 3, Cl2/光照,NH3(5) CH3CH2OCMCH 3)2(6) CH3CH2MgC1

10、, CH3CH3(1)C12/光照，KOH/乙醇，B2/CC14,(8)ONO2，AgBr4 .用化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物:AgNO 3醇溶液CH3CH2CH2CI很快生成沉淀不反应加热生成沉淀(CH3)3CClAgNO 3醇溶液生成沉淀最慢，需加热生成沉淀最快(5)生成沉淀次之(CH3)2CHCl5 .用指定原料合成下列化合物（无机试剂可以任选）(1)CHHrH.BrCH3CH=CH2 -*CILC1CII=CILj , 乙肝光照NaOHBr2/CC14H Q *OHCH2cH=E OHCH2CHBrCH2Br(2)CH3CH2CH2CI -IHCH3CH=CH2 HC1 * CH3CHC

11、ICH3NaOHHO CH3CHOHCH 3(3)NaOIICHCH.Br -*CH2 =CH, CH；BrH.Br乙醛CCL ,4NaCNH.O/rf* C1LCNCILCN a HOOCCH2CH2CQOHNaOH-C 2H50HBrBrH2O/H +ACOOHCOOH(10)碘化钾-淀粉试纸(11)卢卡斯B: CH3CH2CMCH 3)CH2CH3;6. A: CH 3CH2C*H(CH 3)CH=CH 2;C: CH3CH2CH(CH 3)CHBrCH 3CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH=CH2H2Pt* CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3CH3cH 2cH(CH 3)CH=CH 2

12、 HB。CH3cH2cH(CH 3)CHBrCH 37. A: CH 3CH 2CH 2Br B: CH 3CH=CH 2 C: CH 3CHBrCH 3KOHHBrCHsCH2CH2Br-CH3cH BrCH- CHwCHBHq 乙醇8.BrBr第七章醇酚醍习题答案选择题(6)A,(2) B ,(7)2.填空题(3) B ,(8) D ,(4)C,(5) D ,(10) Bo CDEAB 1 2 3 ,(2) BDACE BACD , BAECA.B? -CH2CH2OH(8)冷浓硫酸OII CH3CH2CCH3(12)H5c2H OHHO(13)(14)CH =CH2CH2 - OCH2C

13、H = CH23.完成下列反应3ch5c=：chch3ch3OHCH 3CH2ICH3CH 2CH2I(6)CH =CCHOCH3CH CH2 /OCH3CHCH2OHOCHj(8)CH3CH2 CH2CH2CH3CH2 CH2CH2CH 3cH 2cH 2cOOH(10)(12)BrOHCH3CH2CHCH 2CICH 3cH2cHCH 2CNCH3CH2CHCH 2COOHCH 3CH3CH 3OCHTS-CH 3(CH3)3S+ I(11) C2H5SO3H(13) NaOH ,4.由指定原料合成指定的化合物（无机试剂任选）OH+ CH3SO3HCH3CH2CIH2SO4 CH3cH2c

14、HzOH PB，. CH3cH2cH声KCH.CjHzOH口.CH3CH=CH2 22I IBr Br2 K0HqH50HrCHCH3cHCH 之CI2(3) C6H5cH3 C6HseHwCIMg干花:- C6HsCH2M gc I(4)5.(2)6.7.8.c6h5ch2ch2ch2ohCH3CHRH2 -Cr500 cCH2OHHNO3CH OHH2OHC1CH2CH- CH2CHlONO2CH ONO 2CH 2ONO 2它可能存在8个旋光异构体。orCH 3-C-CH 3CH 3CH3-CH-CH 2BrCH 3A:C:CH 3-C=CH 2CH 3IO-CH3CH3I-OHC2 C

15、lCH 2cHCH 2clClB:CH 3-,H-CHCH3CH3IC CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH CH CH 320HorNaOHH2OOHCH3-C-CHCH3OHCH3或CH 3 OHOHCH3.C. CH3 C一CH CH3ch3C=CH-CH3Ch3 Oh第八章醛酮酶习题答案1.选择题D(2) B(3) B(4) C(5) A(6) C(7) D(8) A(9) D(10) C(11) B(12) A(13) B(14) A(15) D2.填空题(1)ADCB(2) CBAD(3)稀碱(4)吐伦(Tollens)试剂(5)H2NNH 2/C2H5ONa 力口热；HzNNHz/

16、NaOH 一缩乙二醇 中力口热(6) (CH3)2CHCOCH(C 2H5)2Cl OH1 1Cl OH(8) Qch =CHCHO , CH3O-(10)反-3-戊烯醛，3-甲基-2,5-己二酮(11) 饱和 NaHSO33.用反应式表上环己酮在卜列条件下的反应。 饱和 NaHSO3/乙二醇/干HClrcO Zn-Hg/ HClT-H2NHNCONH 2/NO2Q COCH3OHSO 3Nay=NNHCONH 2Cl -C -CHCH3CH =NNH,；LNO24.完成下列反应OHOHCH3 -C CNch3 - C COOHOHCH 3CH3CH 3CH 3CH 3 -C OMgBr ,C

17、H3-COHC2H5C2H5CH3cH2cH2cHCHCHOOH C2H5,CH3CH2cH2cH = CCHOC2H5OHCH3CH =CHCHCH 3CH3cH2cOONa + Cu2O(6)+ CHI3CH =CCHO(9)(10)CH3CH3CH 20HICH 3+ HCOONaCH3C NNHCH35.由指定原料合成指定的化合物（无机试剂任选）HBr(1)CH2=CH2CH3cH2BrNaOH,H2OCrO3,叱噬HCN,OH-CH3CHO h3o+-CH3CHCOOHOHOHCCH(2) CH2 = CHCHOCHaOH/冷 KMnS CH 7 = CHCH A于 HC1- OCH

18、3 稀OH/CH3CH2 CHCHfohCHCHOOIICH3cCl无水AlCl 3QNO 2CH2CH3(4) CH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrMg干酸4 CH3cH 2cH 2MgBrHCHOHCH3CH2CH2COMgBr1HH2OCH3CH2CH2CH20HOIIA (CH3)2CHCCH2CH3NNHCONH 2B. (CH3)2ChCcH 2CH3OHc. (CH3)2ChChCH 2CH3D. (CH3)2C = CHCH 2CH3E. CH3CH2CHOF. (CH3)2C =ONO 27. A. CH3CH2COCH38. CH 3cH 2CH2CHO 和(

19、CH3)2CHCHOc. ch3chchCH2OHOIII8 A. CH3CHCHCH3B. CH3cHCCH3IICH3ch3CH(CH 3)2CH(CH 3)2C. HOCH3CH3OHCH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3第九章竣酸及其衍生物和取代酸习题答案1 .选择题 C; (2) A; (3) A; (4) C; (5) D; (6) B; (7) A; (8) D; (9) D; (10) B; (11) B2 .填空题9 H2 9 户3(1)CH3CHt-C-C -C-O-C-CH3 (2)CH3coOH (3)反-2-丁烯二酸H(4)对硝基苯甲酰氯(5) 2,4-二甲基3戊酮酸(

20、6) 34二甲基己酸COOHIOHOIII(10) CH3-C=C1CCH3H.C LH C-C OCH3 (9)NaHCO3H H(11)r丁内酯or 4- 丁内酯CH33.完成下列反应方程式(1) CH 3CH2COOH (2) H2c= CHCH 20H (3)OC-OH + CH3CH0Oh3c(6)OH3c-C-CH2cH3 +CO2(7) C2H50H/H+ C2H5ONa (8)OH.COONa(10) H3cH2c-C = C -COOHH H(9) CH 3cH 2cOCl CH 3cH 2GCH3c/nO O 。CN)(2)Ag(NH 3)2OH /2,4-二硝基苯胱苯甲酸

21、,（3）苯酚, 苯甲醇广苯甲酸钠（水相）NaHCO 3、苯酚 .苯甲醇（有机相）-HC-固体苯甲酸NaOH.苯甲醇（有机相）苯酚4.鉴别与分离下列各组化合物水杨酸、1）乳酸黄色紫红色褪色a KMnO 4丁酸J 1黄色JI紫红色甲酸飞乙醛 屏乙酸丙同5、CH3CHcH3+NaCNScH3CHcH3一COOH1CH3CHCH 36.BrNOH OHCH3cHCH3 + H2O a , CH3CHCH3COOH OHCH3cHCH3+CH3CHCH3H2s04rCH3O3 11H3C-C C-OCHH一-CHCH3OHCH3CHO + HCNOH-IH 20/H +CH3CH -CN OHCH3CH

22、3CH-COOH -f7.C2H50Na+_ CH3CH2Br(1) CH2(COOC2H5)2Na+CH(COOC 2H5)2 3-2-*CH3CH2CMCOOC 2H5)2 C泪50Na Na+CH3CH2c(COOC 2H5)2-CH3CH 3cH2c(COO -)2CH3CH3BrA CH3CH2C(COOC2H5)2 oh , H2O+CH3CH3H+1-C02CH 3cH 2c(COOH) 2；-, CH3CH2CHC00H(2)CH2BrNa+CH(COOC 2H5)2r+CH2BrNa+CH(COOC 2H5)2-CH2 CH(COOC 2H5)2CH2 CH(COOC 2H5

23、)2NaOH.CH2 CH(COONa) 2 u +H *CH2 CH(COONa) 2-CH2CH(COOH) 2CH2-CH(COOH) 2LCH2CH2cOOH- 2 CO2CH2CH2cOOH8.(1)O OII IICH3cCH2coe2H5NaOC2HO Oz 川11111Na CH3CCHCOC2H5(2)CH3COC1AO OIII IICH3CCHCONa/、O ch3O OII IICH3CCHCOC2H5IO 夕CCH35% NaOHH +j-CO2O OII IICH3CCH2CCH3O O1110CH3CCH2COC2H5NaOC2H5 Na+O OII IICH3C

24、CHCOC2H5CH3CH2BrO och3cchCoc2h5CH2CH340% NaOHOllCH3CH2CH2COC2H5H +CH 3CH 2CH2_ C_ OH9. A: CH 3CH 2COOHB: HCOOC 2H 5C: CH 3COOCH 310.OHA: CH3CHCH 2COOHOIIC: CH3CCH2COOHB:H3CHC = CHCOOHD:CH3CCH3第十章含氮和含磷有机化合物习题答案1.选择题(1) C; (2) A, C;(3) B;(4) D; (5) B, D; (6)B; (7) A; (8) B, C;(9) C; (10) B; (11) C； (12) D2.填空题(1) CH3CH2NCH(CH3)2CH3O(4) -NH-CCH3甲叔丁胺；(8) N,N-二甲基苯胺;1CH2N(CH3)3BrOII CH3- P-OCH2CH3OhOHCH2CH2N+(CH3)3OH-(9) 2-甲基-4-氨基戊烷;(6) H2N (CH3cH3cH止NH CII，CH2CH2NH NH H2N-C-NH2ch3