句子成分练习ppt课件

1、什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法构造组成的，是句子是由词按照一定的语法构造组成的，是能表达一个完好概念的言语单位句子的第能表达一个完好概念的言语单位句子的第一个字母必需大写，结尾要有？一个字母必需大写，结尾要有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !现代汉语里普通的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的根本成分有七种：主语subject、谓语predicate、表语predicative、宾语object、定语attribute、状语(adverbial) 和补语comp

2、lement。英语句子的根本构造可以归纳成五种根本句型及其扩展、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种根本句型，是掌握各种英语句子构造的根底。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？ 主语主语 不及物动词不及物动词 S + Vi 主语主语 及物动词及物动词 宾语宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 主语主语 系动词系动词 表表 (S + LV + predicative) 主语双宾动词主语双宾动词+间宾间宾+直宾直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 主语主语 宾补动词宾补动词 宾语宾语 宾语补语宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl)There + be / stand/ lie

3、 / live.简单句的五种根本句型简单句的五种根本句型主语、动词不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为根本句子成分。完好的句子普通至少包含2个根本成分，至多4个根本成分。 主语：主语是在句子中阐明全句中心主题的主语：主语是在句子中阐明全句中心主题的部分普通由部分普通由1名词，名词，2代词，代词，3不定式，不定式，4动名动名词词5从句充任它的位置普通在句首从句充任它的位置普通在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.主语：主语：谓语：谓语：

4、 谓语阐明主语做什么，是什么，怎样样，由谓语阐明主语做什么，是什么，怎样样，由1简单动词简单动词2或者动词短语构成或者动词短语构成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.表语：表语： 表语阐明主语是什么，或者怎样样，由表语阐明主语是什么，或者怎样样，由1名词，名词，2描描画词，画词，3副词，副词，4介词短语，介词短语，5不定式，不定式，6动名词，动名词，7短短语，语，8或者从句充任表语位于系动词后面或者从句充任表语位于系动词后面I am

5、a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.宾语宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由宾语是动作，行为的对象，由1名词，名词，2代词，代词，3短语，短语，4不定式，不定式，5动名词，动名词，6从句充任它和从句充任它和及物动词一同阐明主语做了什么，在谓语之及物动词一同阐明主语做了什么，在谓语之后后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes t

6、o go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，普通位于及物宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，普通位于及物动词和介词后面。动词和介词后面。 They went to see an exhibition展览展览yesterday.名词名词They helped the old with their housework yesterday.名词化描画词名词化描画词He pretended not to see me.不定式不定式短语短语I thinkthathe is fit for his office.宾语从

7、句宾语从句宾语种类：宾语种类：1双宾语间接宾语双宾语间接宾语+直接直接宾语，例如：宾语，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.2复合宾语宾语复合宾语宾语+宾补，例如：宾补，例如：They elected him their monitor.宾语补足语宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子只需宾语并不能表达完好的意思，在英语中，有些句子只需宾语并不能表达完好的意思，还必需在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才干表达完好的意还必需在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才干表达完好的意思它起补充阐明宾语干什么，怎样样的作用思它起补充阐明宾语干什么，怎样样的作用 它可以由名词，描画词，副词，介词短语，不

8、定式，如它可以由名词，描画词，副词，介词短语，不定式，如今分词和过去分词充任今分词和过去分词充任. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.附属成分附属成分根本成分的修饰语。可以是：根本成分的修饰语。可以是： 定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代

9、词以外的词的单词、短状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。语或从句。定定 语语Poor John tottered(Poor John tottered(蹒跚蹒跚 toward a hospital toward a hospital nearbynearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.She likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many booksJohn gave Mary many books，which are full which are full o

10、f illustrationsof illustrations插图插图Have you seen the book on the desk?Have you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there is my brother.The boy playing over there is my brother.People there like sports.People there like sports.定语定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词描画词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词描画词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词

11、，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充任定语从句都可以充任定语 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.状语状语 状语用来修饰动词，描画词或副词它表示行为发状语用来修饰动词，描画词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度普通由生的时间，

12、地点，目的，方式，程度普通由1副词，副词，2介词短语，介词短语，3不定式不定式4或相当于副词的词或短语充或相当于副词的词或短语充任，也可由任，也可由5从句来充任从句来充任He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.John often came to chat with me

13、John likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news, he jumped with joy.As he was ill, he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语主语可有修饰语主语可有修饰语-定语，

14、谓语可有修饰语定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。状语。如如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay u

15、p.nounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间间)宾语宾语(直直)VtV-lViNoun / PronounThe + adjV-ing / ClauseInfinitiveNoun / Pronoun / The + adjV-ing / Clause / Infinitivebe / feel / seem / lookappear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keeptaste / smell etc.

16、 nounpronounadj. / adv.infinitiveV-ing / V-edclauseetc. 句子成分练习题句子成分练习题( 一一 ) (一一). 指出以下句中主语的中心词指出以下句中主语的中心词4分，分， 4分分钟钟 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework wi

17、thout the teachers help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词10分， 10分钟 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will

18、be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to

19、 tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出以下句中的宾语10分，10分钟 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak Engli

20、sh. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the m

21、useum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is. (四) 挑出以下句中的表语 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn

22、about it. (五) 挑出以下句中的定语6分，6分钟 They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! (六) 挑出以下句中的宾语补足语6分， 6分钟 She

23、 likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出以下句中的状语8分， 8分钟 Th

24、ere was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve

25、 lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?由一个主句和一个或者一个以

26、上从句所由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。在英语书面语中运用广泛。构成的句子。在英语书面语中运用广泛。主句是一个完好的句子主句是一个完好的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完好的句子从句是一个不完好的句子,它必需和一个它必需和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句可以经过把两个以上简单句衔接复合句可以经过把两个以上简单句衔接在一同构成在一同构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导从句，用以修饰另一句子主句。导从句，用以修饰另一句子主句。 复合句复合句 = 主句主句

27、 + 从句从句复合句复合句复合句是在简单句的根底上，经过从属连词将两个或两个复合句是在简单句的根底上，经过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句衔接在一同而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起以上简单句衔接在一同而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起描画词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从描画词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：句： 1. 主语从句主语从句 2. 宾语从句宾语从句3. 表语从句表语从句 4. 定语从句定语从句5. 状语从句状语从句 6. 同位语从句同位语从句 英文写作中最常运用的从句英文写作中最常运用的从句宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句 定语从句定语从句复合句与简单句：复合句

28、复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语宾语how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I could have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay. when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合句复合句与简单句：复合句 = 简单句简单句 + 从属连词从属连词 +简单句简单句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.宾语从句宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving