第二章四级翻译(2)

1、英语应用文写作课英语应用文写作课程程 自自20132013年年1212月起，大学英语四六级的翻译由原单句汉译英调整为段落汉月起，大学英语四六级的翻译由原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。等。四级四级翻译段翻译段落长度为落长度为140-160140-160个汉字个汉字，六级六级翻译段落长度为翻译段落长度为180200180200个汉字个汉字。 翻译所占分值比例由原来的翻译所占分值比例由原来的5%5%调整为调整为15%15%, ,考试考试时长时长由原来的由原来的5 5分钟调整分钟调整为为3030分钟分钟。以

2、前的六级考试大纲中并未将翻译作为一项独立的技能进行考。以前的六级考试大纲中并未将翻译作为一项独立的技能进行考核，翻译部分主要考核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构的能力。而现在由核，翻译部分主要考核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构的能力。而现在由单句汉译英改为段落汉译英，显然提高了对翻译能力的要求，从对单句汉译英改为段落汉译英，显然提高了对翻译能力的要求，从对“点点”的考查转变为对的考查转变为对“面面”的考查，这不仅要求考生有良好的词汇和语法基础，的考查，这不仅要求考生有良好的词汇和语法基础，也要求考生能够合理拆分、组合段落信息，最终按照英语的惯用思维翻译也要求考生能够合理拆分、组合段落信息，最终按照英

3、语的惯用思维翻译出整个段落，对很少练习翻译的考生来说这道题很可出整个段落，对很少练习翻译的考生来说这道题很可 能成为失分的地方。能成为失分的地方。 能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答问题，写提纲和摘要，能就一定的话题，提纲，表格或图示在半小时内写出不少于120词的短文，能写日常应用文（信函，简历），内容完整，条理清晰，文理通顺。 共1题，考试时间30分钟。要求考生写出一篇120-180词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写；或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分

4、的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。 能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记，回答问题，写提纲和摘要，能就一定的话题，提纲，表格或图示在半小时内写出不少于180词的短文，能写日常应用文（信函，简历），内容完整，条理清晰，文理通顺。 共1题，考试时间30分钟。要求考生写出一篇180-200词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写；或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。 主要测试学生能否把汉语意思转用英语翻译出来。 形

5、式：段落分值：15分钟比例：15%长度：140-160字内容：中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等（1）词汇：政治、经济、教育、文化 、历史、科技等（2）常识：百科常识（3）句子结构（简单句+复合句+比较句+状语从句+强调句+倒装句）（4）翻译技巧基本句型一基本句型一 Subject(Subject(主语主语) ) Verb(Verb(谓语谓语) ) 基本句型二基本句型二 Subject(Subject(主语主语) ) Link.V(Link.V(系动词系动词) ) Predicate(Predicate(表语表语) ) 基本句型三基本句型三 Subject(Subject(主语主语) ) Ve

6、rb(Verb(谓语谓语) ) Object(Object(宾语宾语) ) 基本句型四基本句型四 Subject(Subject(主语主语) )Verb(Verb(谓语谓语) ) Indirect object(Indirect object(间接宾语间接宾语) )Direct Direct object (object (直接宾语直接宾语) ) 基本句型五基本句型五 Subject(Subject(主语主语) )Verb (Verb (动词动词) )Object (Object (宾语宾语) )Complement(Complement(补语补语) )基本句型六基本句型六 There be

7、There be 句式句式(1)(1)元宵节的起源必定跟古代人们使用火来庆祝节日、躲避灾难有关。元宵节的起源必定跟古代人们使用火来庆祝节日、躲避灾难有关。 It is sure that the origins of Lantern Festival are related to ancient humanitys It is sure that the origins of Lantern Festival are related to ancient humanitys use of fire to celebrate festivals and avert disaster.use of

8、 fire to celebrate festivals and avert disaster.(2)(2)元宵节活动包括祭祀神灵，且是在晚上庆祝，所以很自然地，火就扮演很元宵节活动包括祭祀神灵，且是在晚上庆祝，所以很自然地，火就扮演很重要的角色。重要的角色。 Since Lantern Festival involves making offerings to the deities and is Since Lantern Festival involves making offerings to the deities and is celebrated at night, it is

9、natural that fire would play an important role.celebrated at night, it is natural that fire would play an important role.(3)(3)随着时间的流逝，元宵节逐渐演变为今天的形式。随着时间的流逝，元宵节逐渐演变为今天的形式。Over time, Lantern Festival gradually evolved into its present form.Over time, Lantern Festival gradually evolved into its presen

10、t form.(4)(4)东汉时期，佛教传入中国，皇帝下令，在正月第一个满月的晚上，必须点东汉时期，佛教传入中国，皇帝下令，在正月第一个满月的晚上，必须点亮灯笼敬佛，这也使元宵节更增添了一份意义。亮灯笼敬佛，这也使元宵节更增添了一份意义。When Buddhism was introduced to China during the Eastern Han Dynasty, When Buddhism was introduced to China during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the emperor decreed that on the night of

11、the full moon of the first lunar the emperor decreed that on the night of the full moon of the first lunar month, lanterns should be lit to honor Buddha, adding yet another level of month, lanterns should be lit to honor Buddha, adding yet another level of significance to Lantern Festival.significan

12、ce to Lantern Festival.(1)(1)不可否认，在整个中国历史中，孝心一直是中国文化的重要奠基石，植根于中国人不可否认，在整个中国历史中，孝心一直是中国文化的重要奠基石，植根于中国人的内心中。的内心中。 It is undeniable that throughout Chinese history, filial piety has been a major It is undeniable that throughout Chinese history, filial piety has been a major cornerstone of the Chinese c

13、ulture, and has taken its root in the hearts of the Chinese cornerstone of the Chinese culture, and has taken its root in the hearts of the Chinese people.people.(2)(2)但是，在当今社会中，由于激烈竞争，许多人不管是自愿的还是被迫，往往会将更但是，在当今社会中，由于激烈竞争，许多人不管是自愿的还是被迫，往往会将更多的时间用于创业以及攀爬社会经济阶梯上。多的时间用于创业以及攀爬社会经济阶梯上。 However, given the

14、fierce competition in society, many people, voluntarily or forcibly, However, given the fierce competition in society, many people, voluntarily or forcibly, tend to put more eergy and time to build their career and climb up the social-economic tend to put more eergy and time to build their career an

15、d climb up the social-economic ladder.ladder.(3)(3)然而，人们应该努力在家庭和工作中保持平衡。然而，人们应该努力在家庭和工作中保持平衡。 Nevertheless, people have to make efforts to maintain a balance between family and Nevertheless, people have to make efforts to maintain a balance between family and work.work.(4)(4)如果一个人有意愿，那么即使不能定期，但经常探望和

16、照顾父母也是可能如果一个人有意愿，那么即使不能定期，但经常探望和照顾父母也是可能实现的事。实现的事。Visiting frequently and taking care of parents, if not regularly, is possible if Visiting frequently and taking care of parents, if not regularly, is possible if one has the will to do so.one has the will to do so.(1)(1)在古代中国，熊猫是罕见、高贵的动物，象征一种善意。在古代中国

17、，熊猫是罕见、高贵的动物，象征一种善意。 In ancient China, panda were thought to be rare, noble creatures and a sign In ancient China, panda were thought to be rare, noble creatures and a sign of goodwill.of goodwill.(2)(2)它被认为拥有神奇的力量，可以抵御自然灾害和恶灵。它被认为拥有神奇的力量，可以抵御自然灾害和恶灵。 It was believed to have magical powers that coul

18、d ward off natural disasters It was believed to have magical powers that could ward off natural disasters and evil spirits.and evil spirits.(3)(3)在那时，若两国交战时，一方举起画着熊猫的旗帜，士兵们便会立即停止在那时，若两国交战时，一方举起画着熊猫的旗帜，士兵们便会立即停止厮杀，随之会出现暂时的和平。厮杀，随之会出现暂时的和平。 At that time, when an army raised a flag with an image of a p

19、anda during the At that time, when an army raised a flag with an image of a panda during the battle, they would stop the fighting immediately and a temporary peace battle, they would stop the fighting immediately and a temporary peace would ensure.would ensure.(4)(4)现在，熊猫仍然是和平的象征，为了表示和平关系，中国已经向许多国家，

20、现在，熊猫仍然是和平的象征，为了表示和平关系，中国已经向许多国家，比如美国、英国和法国送出多只熊猫。比如美国、英国和法国送出多只熊猫。Today, the panda is still a symbol of peace and China has given its many Today, the panda is still a symbol of peace and China has given its many pandas to many nations, such as United States, Britain and France, as a pandas to many

21、nations, such as United States, Britain and France, as a gesture of peaceful relations.gesture of peaceful relations.(1)(1)春节庆祝活动是一年中最重要的庆祝活动。春节庆祝活动是一年中最重要的庆祝活动。 Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year.Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration

22、of the year.(2)(2)中国人庆祝春节的方式可能略有不同，但其愿望几乎是相同的，他们希望中国人庆祝春节的方式可能略有不同，但其愿望几乎是相同的，他们希望家人和朋友来年健康和幸运。家人和朋友来年健康和幸运。 Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same: they

23、 want their family members ways but their wishes are almost the same: they want their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during the next year. and friends to be healthy and lucky during the next year. (3)(3)春节的前几天，中国的各家各户都会打扫房屋，这个非常古老的习俗甚至春节的前几天，中国的各家各户都会打扫房屋，这个非常古老的习俗甚至可以追溯到几千年前。可以追

24、溯到几千年前。 Days before the New Year, Chinese families clean houses, which is a very old Days before the New Year, Chinese families clean houses, which is a very old custom dating back to thousands of years ago. custom dating back to thousands of years ago. (4)(4)灰尘在传统上与灰尘在传统上与“旧旧”联系在一起，所以打扫房屋和扫除灰尘意味着辞旧

25、联系在一起，所以打扫房屋和扫除灰尘意味着辞旧迎新。迎新。The dust is traditionally associated with “old”, so cleaning their houses and The dust is traditionally associated with “old”, so cleaning their houses and sweeping the dust mean to bid farewell to the “old” and usher in the sweeping the dust mean to bid farewell to the “

26、old” and usher in the “new”.“new”.(5)(5)人们兴高采烈地做所有这些事情，希望来年好运。人们兴高采烈地做所有这些事情，希望来年好运。People do all these things happily in hope of a good coming year.People do all these things happily in hope of a good coming year.(1)(1)筷子好用还是刀叉好用？筷子好用还是刀叉好用？ It is a battle that has divided East and West for centuri

27、es: Are chopsticks It is a battle that has divided East and West for centuries: Are chopsticks superior to the knife or fork?superior to the knife or fork?(2)(2)这是几个世纪以来东西方一直有争议的话题。而现在从环保的角度出发，这是几个世纪以来东西方一直有争议的话题。而现在从环保的角度出发，这场旷日持久的辩论似乎终于可以尘埃落定。这场旷日持久的辩论似乎终于可以尘埃落定。 Now the prolonged debate may final

28、ly be decided on environmental Now the prolonged debate may finally be decided on environmental grounds. grounds. (3)(3)如今中国每年要砍掉如今中国每年要砍掉20002000万棵成熟树木来满足人们使用一次性筷子的习万棵成熟树木来满足人们使用一次性筷子的习惯。惯。 Today, China is chopping down 20 million mature trees to feed its disposal Today, China is chopping down 20 m

29、illion mature trees to feed its disposal chopstick habit. chopstick habit. (4)(4)而中国的森林里如今已经没有足够的木材来供应这样的需求。而中国的森林里如今已经没有足够的木材来供应这样的需求。However, China cant find enough wood in its own forests to meet this However, China cant find enough wood in its own forests to meet this demand.demand.(5)(5)中国现在是世界

30、上最大的木材进口国，甚至还需要从美国进口筷子。中国现在是世界上最大的木材进口国，甚至还需要从美国进口筷子。China is now the worlds largest importer of wood and even imports China is now the worlds largest importer of wood and even imports chopsticks from America.chopsticks from America.(1)(1)启动更多的国际交流项目，把中国大学生送去国外参加文化和教育交流是启动更多的国际交流项目，把中国大学生送去国外参加文化和教育

31、交流是大势所趋。大势所趋。 It is inevitable to have more international exchange programs that send It is inevitable to have more international exchange programs that send students from Chinese universities abroad to engage in cultural and students from Chinese universities abroad to engage in cultural and educat

32、ional cational exchanges.(2)(2)这是中国国际化的一部分。这是中国国际化的一部分。 This is a part of Chinas internationalization. This is a part of Chinas internationalization. (3)(3)随着全球经济一体化的发展，大学生需要意识到具备全球化视野的重要性。随着全球经济一体化的发展，大学生需要意识到具备全球化视野的重要性。 With the increasingly integrated global economy, its sensible fo

33、r university With the increasingly integrated global economy, its sensible for university students to acquire a global view. students to acquire a global view. (4)(4)越来越多国际交流项目使得国内的大学生有机会去体验异国文化，尽管许越来越多国际交流项目使得国内的大学生有机会去体验异国文化，尽管许多学生不得不离开各自的多学生不得不离开各自的“舒适区舒适区”，但这种经历却十分令人难忘。，但这种经历却十分令人难忘。With more an

34、d more programs sending students abroad to get a taste of With more and more programs sending students abroad to get a taste of foreign culture, many of them have to leave their “comfort zone”, but this foreign culture, many of them have to leave their “comfort zone”, but this experience is memorabl

35、e.experience is memorable.(5)(5)与此同时，中国也从日益频繁的思想、知识和文化交流中获益匪浅。与此同时，中国也从日益频繁的思想、知识和文化交流中获益匪浅。At the same time, China is also benefiting from the increased exchange of At the same time, China is also benefiting from the increased exchange of ideas, knowledge and culture.ideas, knowledge and culture.（1

36、 1）如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。 Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.great difficulties in finding a good job.（2 2）造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。的职业培训。The reasons