施心远主编听力教程3Unit8答案

1、UNIT 8Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationCorporate Social Responsibility（企业的社会责任）Once upon a time, all- or almost all- businesses were (1) greedy and rapacious, sparing a thought for their (2) workers or the environment only in order to (3) work out how to exploit them. Then bosse

2、s found their (4) consciences, guided (or sometimes forced) by (5) customers or critics from the (6) non-profit world. They discovered the idea that companies should not exist only to make a profit but to (7) serve society. Thus corporate social responsibility (CSR) got its (8) start as a business f

3、ashion, and it is now hard to find a firm that has not (9) come up with an earnest (10) statement about its relations with the wider world. CSR is closely linked with the principles of (11) Sustainable Development in proposing that enterprises should (12) be obliged to make decisions based not only

4、on the financial factors but also on the social and environmental (13) consequences of their activities. Issues like environmental damage, improper treatment of workers and (14) faulty production leading to customers inconvenience or danger, (15) are highlighted in the media.Some investors and inves

5、tment fund managers have begun to （16） take account of a corporations policy in making （17） investment decisions. Some consumers have become increasingly sensitive to the CSR performance of the companies（18） from which they buy their goods and services. These trends （19） have contributed to the pres

6、sure on companies to（20） operate in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable way.Part 2 Listening for GistSmall retailers across the United States are facing the same challenge: competition from shopping malls （大型购物中心）and chain stores（连锁店）. But, in downtown Dickson, Tennessee, a gro

7、up of retail merchants（零售商） have banded together （紧密团结起来） to win back（赢回） their customers who have been attracted to shopping areas （商业圈） in the neighboring big city. Dickson is a typical small American city. It has quiet residential areas （居民区） and a nice little downtown that was once a thriving re

8、tail center. But according to David Hamilton, president of Dickson's Chamber of Commerce （商会）, highway construction over the past several years changed that. Being just 65 kilometers away from a big city like Nashville, Mr Hamilton says, presents another challenge to Dickson's downtown shopp

9、ing area. "Because we're so close to Nashville, and because so many people work in Nashville, when they think about shopping, they think of going to Nashville malls." But small business owners in downtown Dickson didn't give up. Instead, they decided to fight back. More than 40 of

10、them founded the Retail Merchants Association of Downtown Dickson. Members of the new association are committed to success; they pay monthly dues （月缴会费） and meet periodically to suggest and discuss creative ways of attracting more shoppers to downtown. Mr. Williams says one idea is creating events m

11、odeled on the annual Christmas parade through the downtown area that attracts a large number of city residents. Free refreshments （茶点，小吃） and giveaways （免费样品）will be part of these regular events. Mr. Williams says the group is also planning to beautify the downtown area with plants and paint. Though

12、 it might seem hard to compete with big chain stores, small retailers have an advantage. They have a personal approach in serving customers. Chamber of Commerce president David Hamilton agrees. He says retailers in his city serve customers well, and customers in return, should support them by shoppi

13、ng in their stores. The downtown area is the heart of a city. And members of Dickson's new Retail Merchants Association are determined to work together to keep the heart beating - to revitalize（使。恢复生气） downtown Dickson so it is once again a busy, welcoming place for people to come and shop. Exer

14、cise Directions: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence. The topic sentence is "In downtown Dickson Tennessee， a group of retail merchants have banded together to win back their customers who have been attracted to shopping areas in the neighboring big city."Section Two Listenin

15、g ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueHaving Their Babies at Home- What about . um . the number of mothers who are now choosing to have their babies at home. Is that a, a growing number in Australia? - It's still a very very small proportion at the moment and therefore many, um, hospitals are thinking o

16、f actually introducing birthing centers, birthing units. We have one at our hospital at the moment, where the, the unit is set up as a bedroom and a kitchen and the woman can actually walk around in comfort and just pretend it's her own home. - So it's like a home in the hospital? - Yeah, it

17、's like a little maisonette in the hospital and, er, it's so close by to the theatre and delivery suites （产房） that if anything should go wrong（出故障） and did go wrong they could be moved around quite quickly and safely. - Margaret, do you think it's safe to have a baby at home? - There are

18、 risks involved, er, I personally would prefer not to have my baby at home. I mean it would be well you're a midwife . I know it would be quite ideal but the risk of something going wrong and if I was to lose that baby I think that I would be quite devastated. - Aren't there dangers in hospi

19、tal because there are more people involved? - There are dangers in hospital, I mean you, you wouldn't want to know that there is a particularly resistant staphylococcal infection（抗葡萄球菌感染） running around the hospital and, er, that would be quite a risk. In some countries it's been proven that

20、 having the baby at home is as safe as having a baby in hospital. - Does it get a lot of encouragement having, er, a baby at home? - I don't think so, no, it doesn't. I think . um . doctors and . I think mainly doctors probably, I think they scare the women saying, well this might go wrong o

21、r that might go wrong at home so it's better for you to come into hospital. Exercise Directions: Listen to the dialogue and answer the following questions. 1. It's like a little maisonette, a home in the hospital. 2. Because it's still a very small proportion of mothers who are now choos

22、ing to have their babies at home at the moment and the birthing unit is set up as a bedroom and a kitchen and the woman can actually walk around in comfort and just pretend it's her own home. 3. Because it's so close by to the theatre and delivery suites that if anything should go wrong and

23、did go wrong they could be moved around quite quickly and safely. 4. Something may go wrong during the delivery and that would be quite devastating. 5. There could be a particularly resistant staphylococcal infection running around the hospital. Part2 PassageBridging Generations1.Seniors today are b

24、etter educated, healthier, and more vivacious than at any time in our nation's history. 2.They are active, energetic, and willing and can meet many program needs through their volunteer efforts. 3.Because they are living longer than ever before, seniors can anticipate up to 30 years of productiv

25、e activity after retirement. 4.When choosing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits their personal goals as well as the needs of the recipients. 5.We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracin

26、g them with handcuffs and incarceration. Mention the word retirement, and you'll likely invoke a range of reactions. Some think of retirement as a rite of passage（人生大事）, others as a time to relax. The cynical * may view it as a point beyond which one can no longer contribute to society. This is

27、far from the truth! Seniors today are better educated, healthier, and more vivacious than at any time in our nation's history. They are active, energetic, and willing and can meet many program needs through their volunteer efforts. Seniors are a valuable resource with many gifts to offer - among

28、 them, experience, patience, skills, time, and wealth - that are unique to them. The senior population, and its proportion relative to the rest of the population, is increasing rapidly. The Corporation for National and Community Service (CNS) estimates that, in 2000, some 35 million people aged 65 o

29、r older were living in the United States, accounting for 13% of the total population. The aging baby boom generation is expected to double the senior population over the next 30 years. And because they are living longer than ever before, seniors can anticipate* up to 30 years of productive activity

30、after retirement. Seniors share their gifts and life experiences to address issues in school systems, public safety, the environment, and other human needs. Many seniors do not volunteer through formal programs. Some are one-time volunteers; others volunteer for a seasonal or special event. When cho

31、osing where and how to volunteer, seniors should pick the type of activity that best suits their personal goals as well as the needs of the recipients. Most importantly, be creative, selective, and have fun -like the volunteers featured here. Like many Americans, Eloise Bowers and Joan Gross recogni

32、zed the need for additional support for juveniles as they develop and mature into adults. These seniors, however, decided to give back to their community and develop positive relationships with juveniles through FGP. The "grandmas", now in their second year with the program, have helped mo

33、re than 50 of the most at-risk youth in the District of Columbia turn their lives around. "It is our job to help youth link with their peers and the community, as well as help their community and their peers link with them," they stress. "For the link to be strong, it must be mutual.&

34、quot; Some youth in the program have children of their own and need child-rearing tips. Others use inappropriate language and need to expand their vocabulary. Many respond with violence and need avenues to vent* anger, whereas others dress inappropriately and need fashion tips（时尚锦囊，小贴士）. "We ar

35、e committed to helping these youth help themselves," Bowers explains. "We want to help them embrace the world with their numerous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration." Bowers and Gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to se

36、rve as role models; make appropriate referrals for resources; teach respect with language and dress; share ways to manage anger, conflict, and anxiety; support successful transitions to mainstream schools, job training, and employment; and provide sincere love and understanding. A：Pre-listening Ques

37、tion Governmental provision for social security is slow to develop in the US, though there are now some elements of a comprehensive system, with some serious gaps, as well as variations between the states. For both old age and illness, provision is now partly private, partly public. Most Americans w

38、hen at work make some provision for their retirement, through savings, investment and insurance policies, company or union pension funds. Federal government social security provides pensions for retired people, and also unemployment benefit for six months, based on compulsory contributions by people

39、 at work. The rate of the pension gives an income above the official poverty line, and sufficient for minimal comfort, but only about a quarter of median earnings from employment. It is not related to a person's income from private pensions or other sources. B：Sentence Dictation Directions: List

40、en to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times. C：Detailed Listening Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.D 8. DD：After-listening Discussion Directions: Listen to the pas

41、sage again and discuss the following questions. 1. Bowers and Gross say their goals as foster grandparents are to serve as role models; make appropriate referrals for resources; teach respect with language and dress; share ways to manage anger, conflict, and anxiety; support successful transitions t

42、o mainstream schools, job training, and employment; and provide sincere love and understanding. "It is our job to help youth link with their peers and the community, as well as help their community and their peers link with them." "We want to help them embrace the world with their num

43、erous gifts and talents, instead of the world embracing them with handcuffs and incarceration. " 2. (Open) Section Three NewsNews Item 1A research team led by Dr. Carle Pieters of Brown University announced the results at a NASA news conference on Thursday.Using data from an American instrument

44、 flying on Indian satellite - and confirming data from two other spacecraft - they found water pretty much all over the moon, though more toward the poles and concentrated at the lunar surface. Carle Pieters spoke of water, as did the other scientists, and certainly the news reports have headlined &

45、quot;water found on the moon." But another member of the research team, Jack Mustard, also of Brown, said it's unclear whether they're seeing water - a molecule with two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen - H20 - or hydroxyl, a chemical with only one hydrogen atom - OH.That data comes

46、not from examining the rocks on the moon directly, but from analyzing spectrographs of the light reflected from the moon. Different chemicals have different spectrographic signatures, but those of water and hydroxyl are very similar.Finding water, if that's what it is, probably won't be of m

47、uch use to any future human visitors to the Moon. But it may be an additional clue as scientists try to work out how the moon and the planets were formed. A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the water discovery on the moon. B. Directions: listen t

48、o the news item again and complete the following chart.Announcements from NASA News ConferenceFindingsWater pretty much over the moon, though more toward the poles, and concentrated at the lunar surface.SourceData from an American instrument flying on an Indian satellite, and confirming data from tw

49、o other spacecrafts.ControversyIts unclear whether theyre seeing water or hydroxyl.Reasons for different opinionsThat data comes not from examining the rocks on the moon directly, but from analyzing spectrographs of the light reflected from the moon. Different chemicals have different spectrographic

50、 signatures, but those of water and hydroxyl are very similar.News Item 2First Spaceman from AfricaThe Soyuz rocket lifted off on schedule Thursday morning from launch pad number one at Russia's Baikonur base in Kazakhstan. Aboard was the ship's commander, veteran cosmonaut Yuri Gidzenko, It

51、alian Air Force pilot Roberto Vittori and South African Internet entrepreneur* Mark Shuttleworth. The 28-year-old multimillionaire had trained for eight months and spent a reported $20 million to fulfill his childhood dream of going into space. Family members who had flown to Kazakhstan for the occa

52、sion watched the liftoff reportedly with big smiles and tears of joy. The Soyuz will fly to the International Space Station, where it is expected to dock on Saturday. The crew's main mission is to deliver a new Soyuz capsule to be kept at the space station for use as an escape vehicle if needed.

53、 Mark Shuttleworth is also to conduct experiments on how animal stem cells react in zero gravity. The space tourist's trip has been warmly welcomed in South Africa, where his adventure has received blanket media coverage. He is the first African to go into space and has been dubbed the "Afr

54、onaut" by many back home, including Nelson Mandela. Russia initiated the space tourism idea, seeing it as a way to bring badly needed cash into its ailing space program. Exercise A Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary. This news item is about the first spaceman from Afri

55、ca and his adventure with astronauts. Exercise B Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage. The Soyuz rocket lifted off on schedule at Russia's Baikonur base in Kazakhstan. Aboard was the ship's commander, an Italian Air Force pilot and South African Internet en

56、trepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. The 28-year-old multimillionaire had trained for eight months and spent a reported $20 million to fulfill his childhood dream of going into space. Members of his family watched the launch with big smiles and tears of joy. The Soyuz will fly to the International Space St

57、ation, where it is expected to dock on Saturday. The crew's main mission is to deliver a new Soyuz capsule for use as an escape vehicle if needed. Mark Shuttleworth is also to conduct experiments on how animal stem cells react in zero gravity. He is the first African to go into space and has bee

58、n dubbed the "Afronaut" by many back home. News Item 3 40 years after man landed on the moon, and 39 years after Lovell returned to Earth, NASA plans to retire the Space Shuttle in 2010. It is the only vehicle NASA has to carry astronauts into space. At the Marshall Space Flight Center in

59、Huntsville, Alabama in late July, NASA held meetings with an independent review panel（独立评审委员会） commissioned by President Barack Obama to evaluate the future of manned space flight（载人航天飞行）.Part of the meeting focused on the next generation spacecraft that would replace the Space Shuttle Orbiter (航天飞机轨道器). NASA is developing the Constellation program（星座计划）, a beefed-up Apollo-like initiative. It uses a rocket, called Ares, to put a single-use spacecraft, called the Orion, into orbit, and eventually back to the moon.Another option favored by the presidential pa