时态语态复习及练习答案

1、 复习： 动词时态VS被动语态动词时态复习 时态的基本判定方法：1、 时间状语同时态的关系：一般情况下，简单句可根据句中的时间状语确定谓语动词的时态。其 判定方式如下：1、句中含有yesterday; last year（last + 具体时间）; two days ago（一段时间 + ago）; just now; this morning; in 2008（in + 过去的年代）; the other day; over the weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般过去时；2、句中含有tomorrow; next week（next +具体时间）; in two hours（in

2、+一段时间）; (how) soon; from now on; 10 years from now（一段时间+from now）; in the future; in 2012（in +将来的年代）; by (the end of) next month（by+将来时间）; for the weekend; this afternoon; this evening; tonight; this weekend等时间状语时，谓语动词用一般将来时；3、句中含有recently; in the last/past two years（in the last/past+一段时间）; over the

3、 years（over the+一段时间）; since 2005（since+具体时间或从句）; for two years（for+一段时间，句中无其它时间状语）; before（单独用于句尾）等时间状语时，谓语动词用现在完成时；4、句中既有yesterday等过去时间状语，又有一个具体时间点（at 5:00; this time; at that time）时，谓语动词用过去进行时；5、by (the end of) last year（by+过去时间）; two days before（一段时间+before）; for和since说明的时间同时用于句中;by the time + 从

4、句（过去时态）等时间状语时，谓语动词用过去完成时；6、简单句中如不含上述时间状语或有含说话时间在内的表示现在时间关系的词语时（如now; today; these days等词），其时态的判定一般按以下步骤进行：  - 句中是否含有表示频率关系的词。如有，用一般现在时；   - 句子是否说明客观规律。如是，用一般现在时；   - 句中动词是否表示状况。如是，用一般现在时；   - 句中动词是否为延续性动态动词。如是，用现在进行时；   - 句中动词是否为完成性动词（瞬间动词）。如是，用现在完成时。二、主从

5、句时态的一致性原则：主从复合句可根据其时态一致性原则，通过主从句中任意一个句子的时态确定另外一个句子的时态；含有时间状语从句的主从句还可通过其引导词所表示的不同时间关系，确定主句和从句的时态。三、通过上下文关系判定时态：另外我们还可以根据并列谓语的时态一致性原则、问句和答语的时态一致关系、无转折时间的短文时态一致原则等上下文时态的关联以及句子的逻辑关系来判定句子中谓语动词的时态。 动词时态专项练习(    )1. What _ you _ over the weekend?       

6、0; A. will; do           B. does; do           C. did; do         D. were,; doing(    )2. Xiao Li usually _ to school by bike last year. A.

7、goes                 B. went                 C. will go          D. is going(   

8、 )3. What _ in our town 100 years from now?          A. happened         B. is happened      C. has happened   D. will happen(    )4. Mr. Smith _ to see you in

9、an hour. A. Came  B. has come C. will come  D. comes(    )5. _ you _ from your parents recently?         A. Did; hear         B. Have; heard     C. Do; hear   &

10、#160;      D. Will; hear(    )6. We _ TV at home this time last night. A. were watching  B. watched           C. have watched   D. would watch(    )7. We _ over 1500 English words

11、by the end of last month.          A. have learned     B. had learned      C. will learn        D. learnt(    )8. She _ in Shanghai for ten years since 1992. A. has

12、lived          B. had lived          C. lived            D. will live(    )9. She _ in Shanghai for ten years. A. has lived   B. h

13、ad lived  C. lived  D. will live(    )10. We all know that the earth _ round the sun. A. goes                 B. went             

14、    C. is going            D. will go(    )11. “Where are the boys?”   “They _ soccer on the playground.” A. play            B. are playing 

15、         C. were playing    D. played(    )12. Look! Lucy _ under the tree. A. reads               B. is reading        

16、 C. was reading      D. read(    )13. He _ more than 200 model cars in the last five years. A. has collected     B. had collected    C. collected          D. will collect(   &

17、#160;)14. Jim _ a letter to his parents at 7:30 last night. A. had written      B. wrote               C. would write      D. was writing(    )15. The Smiths _ in Be

18、ijing since two weeks ago. A. stayed                     B. were staying     C. would stay        D. have stayed(    )16. “When _

19、you _ the bike?”   “Last Monday.” A. have; bought    B. did; buy         C. will; buy         D. do; buy(    )17. Look! The boy _English now. A. likes  B. liked  C.

20、is liking  D. was liking(    )18. Most students in our class _ TV twice a week. A. watch               B. watched            C. will watch   

21、;      D. are watching(    )19. How soon _ they _ back from work? A. do; come          B. did; come         C. have; come      D. will; come(  &#

22、160; )20. “Where _ you _ Mr. Li?”  “In his office, half an hour ago.” A. will; see           B. did; see            C. have, seen         &#

23、160;    D. do; see( )61. How long have you _ the pen? A. kept B. bought C. borrowed D. got( )62. I _ Mr. Brown since I left Shanghai in 2004.A. have seen B. saw C. havent seen D. didnt see( )63. You dont have to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet( )

24、64. I _ a cold for five days. I still cant get rid of it.A. caughtB. hadC. have caught D. have had( )65. What _ you _ at nine oclock that morning?A. are; doingB. did; doC. were; doingD. had; done( )66. What _ you _ by nine oclock that morning?A. are; doingB. did; doC. were; doingD. had; done( )67. T

25、he sign _, “ No Parking!” A. reads B. was read C. is reading D. read( )68. “_ you _ your lunch?” “Yes. I _ it at school.”A. Did; have; have hadB. Have; had; hadC. Did; have; hadD. Have; had; have( )69. Lily _ for her mother until she _ home.A. will wait; will comeB. wont wait; comesC. will wait; com

26、es D. waits; will come( )70. “Mr. Brown is leaving for a trip.” “Really? Where _ he _?”A. has; goneB. will; goC. did; goD. does; go( )71. Tom, you _ the book for two weeks. You have to return it now.A. borrowedB. have borrowedC. keptD. have kept( )72. “Have you mended your shoes?” “Yes. I _ it twent

27、y minutes ago.”A. have mended B. mendedC. had mended D. will mend( )73. Mr. Smith _ to China last year and _ in love with her.A. goes; fallsB. went; fellC. went; feltD. has gone; fell( )74. If you dont go to the meeting tomorrow, _. A. he will, too B. he wont, either C. he does, too D. he doesnt, ei

28、ther( )75. “Shall we go watching the match?” “Sorry, I cant. I _ my homework.”A. doB. have doneC. am doingD. did( )76. The children wont go hiking if it _ next Sunday.A. rainB. rainsC. will rainD. is raining( )77. “_ you _ to Japan?” “Yes. I will go there next month.”A. Have; been B. Have; goneC. Ar

29、e; going D. Did; go( )78. When I got there, the film _ for five minutes.A. had been on B. had begunC. was beginning D. began( )79. Dont open the door until the bus _.A. will stop B. doesnt stopB. C. is stopping D. stops( )80. “_ you _ to Japan?” “Yes. We went there last year.”A. Have; beenB. Have; g

30、oneC. Did; goD. Are; going .被动语态复习1. 被 动 语 态 的 使 用 (1).当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 (2).突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John. (3).当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 b

31、y 短语。 These cars were made in China. 2. 主动语态变被动语态的方法宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done，时不变，数格必须随被变。(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 “宾变主”(2)把谓语变成被动结构。 “ ( be过去分词)”(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 “宾变主”Tom killed me. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was killed by Tom.主语 谓语 宾语3. 语态转换时所注意的问题:被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

32、 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。 (1). 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误)（2). 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was

33、given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：因为 give sth to sb， 是固定搭配 A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：死记嘛！bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 V sb sth = V sth to sb eg: My bike was lent to

34、her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如：死记嘛！buy, cook, choose, do, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 V sb sth = V sth for sb eg: Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) 有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。 He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over

35、the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语) （3）.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the gui

36、tar. 4. 不及物动词没有被动语态happen(发生，出现), take place（发生）, appear（出现）, hold（容纳）被动语态专项练习（二）单项选择1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked3. He _ some pieces of a

37、dvice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listenedC. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. i

38、s going to be discussed D. has been discussed6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up8. They _ printing 500 copies by the e

39、nd of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised11. Great changes _ place. Many

40、new schools_ .A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened12. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken13. We can't use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repa

41、ired D. is being repaired14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapor.A. is heated B. heating C . has

42、heated D. heats17. We can't enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work19. Chang'an Road is _of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled20. Man-made sat

43、ellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. have been sent up D. has been sent up21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung22.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are c

44、leaned23. When _ the People's Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found24. Mary's radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended25. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted27. The sun _ at night as usual.A