雅思考试大作文8分指南

1、大作文指南-想冲8分吗？语法结构不止要准确还要有变化哦！ 8分作文对于很多烤鸭来说不是一件容易的事，不过大家不妨来看看想拿8分需要注意些什么！或许没有想象中那么难哦而且当你用高标准来要求自己，你也就离8分不远啦反正还没拿8分就是在争取拿8分的路上！以下是一位外籍雅思老师对于8分作文标准的解析，着重在语法方面。想拿高分并不是语法准确就可以了，在语法结构上还要多样，这样不仅能吸引考官的眼光、也让他们更加了解你的语言掌控能力！想提高的童鞋都来看看哦Band score 8.0 range of grammarThis lesson looks at the idea of range of gram

2、mar. If you are aiming for a high band score, it is not simply enough not to make mistakes, you also need to show that you can use a number of different grammatical constructions. First of all, I talk you through some principles and then I give you some practical suggestions on what sort of grammar

3、can help and, just as importantly, how to use it.Test yourself firstBefore you read on. You might want to ask yourself these questions:往下看之前先想三个问题：·· Am I going to impress more with longer sentences? 我是要写长句子来让人印象深刻吗？· Do I have a strategy for when I use simpler grammar and more comple

4、x grammar? 我有没有策略：什么时候用简单语法什么时候用复杂的语法结构？· When and why do I use complex grammar like relative and conditional clauses? 什么时候要用复杂的语法结构，比如从句和条件句，为什么呢？An essay should combine simple with complex grammarThis is the starting point. A well-written essay should be relatively easy to read. This means th

5、at you need to combine the simple with the complex. Where you have straightforward to say, you should not try and show off your grammar by making it seem complex indeed, thats a very common mistake.首先，一篇好文章应该是读起来相对容易的。因此，简单和复杂的结构要结合使用！如果你能直接一点表述，不要想着炫耀自己的语法而把句子写得很复杂！这是很多烤鸭的一个通病！Typically, you should

6、 aim for:其实你应该做的是：·· simple structures when you are making main points often in the opening and/or closing sentences of your paragraphs 段落的开头和结尾尽量用简洁的结构表明观点！·· more complex structures when you are explaining/developing those main points in the body of your paragraphs 稍微复杂的结构用来在段落

7、中间解释或拓宽论点·· a movement from the more simple to the more complex 从简单到复杂要有一个过渡When you have something simple to say, say it simply. Only use complex structures for more complex thoughts.记住：要表达简单的东西，就用简单的话来说；只有复杂的观点才需要用复杂结构来表达。An example of the simple and the complexThis paragraph expresses s

8、ome complex thoughts, but it starts off simply to make the main point.The major argument against hosting international sporting events is financial.Typically, it can cost several million pounds to build the arenas and modernise the infrastructure so that it can cater for the athletes and the spectat

9、ors. This money, it is argued, would be better spent on welfare and education programmes that provide direct support for the population.Indeed, some governments have incurred so much debt through hosting the Olympic Games that they have had to reduce spending on other social programmes.The first sen

10、tence of this paragraph is simple. All I want to do is make clear that the main reason is financial. I use simple clear English so that reader gets the main point. The grammar is “It is financial”.The next sentences are more complex and use complex structures to express more complex thoughtsso that：

11、because I am talking about resultswould be better spent：because I am talking conditionallythat provide direct support for the population：because I am defying my termsAn essay should combine longer and shorter sentences一篇文章应该长短句结合In many ways this is the same point. It is absolutely not the case of l

12、ong sentences good, short sentences bad. There will be times when a short sentence is more effective than a long sentence. In general, though, you should avoid the extremes of very long and very short. Also, you need to ask yourself how complex your sentences are.长句子就好，短句子就不好，这并不是绝对的！有时候短句子比长句子更能表达清

13、楚。但是，基本上要避免超级长或是超级短的句子，而且你要清楚自己写的句子会有多复杂。Shorter sentences can work:短句子可用在：·· if they are used in combination with longer sentences, or 如果用来连接稍长的句子· if they are relatively complex 或者句子之间相对关系复杂。Longer sentences can work:· 长句子可用在：· if they are used with shorter sentences, or 和

14、短句子一起用· if they are simpler in structure (using “and” and “but”) 或者是结构上比较简单。Be careful of too many long, complex sentences and too many short simple sentences 总之，不要写结构复杂的长句子或是结构过于简单的短句子。A paragraph with different sentence lengthsNone of the sentences in this paragraph are particularly long for

15、short.Another way in which free public transport could improve our quality of life relates to congestion. Currently, the trend is for increasing numbers of people to choose to drive to work. This means that in many cases the rush hour is several hours long and it is sometimes almost impossible to tr

16、avel across a city.It is probable that this level of congestion would be reduced by making public transport free.The first sentence is shorter because it is the opening sentence of the para and it also includes the complex “in which” construction.The second sentence is shortish again because it is m

17、erely stating a fact no need to make it more complex The third sentence is a longer sentence, but it is simply linked using “and”The final sentence is again relatively short/simple sentence but it does contain a conditional “would” and a “by” structure.Examples of grammar that can workThis is not in

18、tended to be a list of advanced grammar points that will guarantee you a band score 8.0. Rather, the idea here is to show you grammar connects to meaning. You should never just use a structure because it is “good” grammar. Instead, you need to ask yourself what is the best way I can express this poi

19、nt.下面这些为大家介绍的语法结构并非能保证你的8分，只是告诉你表达什么样的观点适合用什么结构，绝对不要只是因为这个结构好才用它，而是要问自己：用什么结构可以充分表达自己的观点？The best writers use these structures when they need to, not because they think they have to1. the passiveI start with the passive because it is so often misused. It is not the case that the passive is an academ

20、ic structure that should be used in essays. We use it all the time in all sorts of contexts. Here, though, is one way you might find it helpful in writing: to avoid repeating words especially nouns/pronouns.You may want to avoid using some words too much especially words from the question. Here the

21、passive can help you.被动语态主要是用来避免名词或代词不停地重复。并不是说学术性写作里不能用被动态，但很多烤鸭其实是在滥用被动态，或者说可以用主动语态、没必要用被动态的时候也在乱用。这就不应该了！我举个例子给大家看：中文里我们可以说：外面有点冷，她把门关上了。我想应该不会有人说：外面有点冷，门被她关上了。这就是问题了，被动态用在不该用的地方只会显得做作。所以英语也一样，能用主动的地方就不要弄得那么别扭。再看个英文例子：In a question about government action, rather than writing:The government shoul

22、d introduce measures toyou can try：Measures should be introducedso that you dont repeat the word “government”.2. Relatives 从句This is another piece of grammar you need to feel comfortable with and can help you. You should be careful, however, not to overuse relatives as they can make your writing bot

23、h confusing and confused. One tip I would give you here is to try and restrict yourself to one relative per sentence and to try and avoid them in already complex sentences.从句是一个很有用的结构，烤鸭们要学会运用它！不过如果你已经写了一个复杂句，那么就尽量避免在这个复杂句里使用从句，不然会让考官confused！Look at this example:There is a real danger that allowing

24、 people to travel for free would deprive transport authorities funds which they need and lead to a lower standard of service.The relative can be avoided by changing it into an adjective phrase:There is a real danger that allowing people to travel for free would deprive transport authorities of much

25、needed funds and lead to a lower standard of service.When you do use relatives though is to define terms and add detail.用从句的目的主要是限定某个词或是添加细节。Here is an example in action:More than that, if the authorities plan carefully, they can use the occasion of the sporting event to help finance public workswhi

26、ch benefit the whole population in the long term.I want to say what sort of “public works” I am referring to so I define them in the relative which benefit the whole population in the long term.3. Conditionals 条件句Here is another piece of grammar that can help you out. Provided that is, you see how a

27、nd when to use it. One of the best ways to use these conditionals to explain and give examples.This means they are likely to come in the body of your paragraphs and not the introduction/opening sentence.条件句最适合用在用来做解释或是举例子。所以这样的句子应该是出现在段落中间，绝对不要拿这样的结构来写主题句和结尾句。Try this example:There is also, however,

28、 a strong argument not to implement this proposal. This argument is based on economic competitiveness. If a company was forced to employ more workers to produce the same amount of goods, then its wage bill would rise and its products might become more expensive and less competitive compared to compa

29、nies with longer working weeks. In this case, it is possible that the company either might become insolvent or it would have to make some employees redundant. As a result, the intended benefit to the personnel would not happen.This time around I have given you the whole para so that you can see the

30、context. I use a conditional because I am explaining a point. You should also see that we use “might” and “would” in the following sentences even though there is no “if”.Do you want to show off? Then you might consider using conditionals that do not use if.So you could use:Were a company to be force

31、d4. Parallel structures 并列结构There are a number of different parallel structures we have in English. They come in useful when we are combining, comparing or contrasting points again something that you are likely to do in your essays. This is a useful piece of grammar to focus on, as when used well th

32、ey make your writing more cohesive.并列结构可用与合并、比较或是对比论点。For exampleNot only would unemployment be reduced, but the working conditions of employees on very long shifts would also be significantly improved.You may think “not only.but also” is too easy to impress. Dont. Simple things done well impress to

33、o and this sentence is complex enough as it is.5. Verb tenses (of course), impersonal structures and modals 时态，无人称结构和情态动词The point to remember here is that it is not difficulty of grammar that is important, rather it is variety of grammar. This means that some bits of grammar that you think are rath

34、er simple (e.g. tenses) are still important. The point I want to make here is that the one tense you are going use most is the present simple.Checking my essays, I find that easily the most common tense I use is the present simple. Thats how it should be it is easily the most common tense in English

35、.You do want some variety though, and here is how I get it. I use a lot of impersonal structures”There are several reasons whyand I also use a large number of modal verbs:It can also be argued thatThe point here is that I use them to make impersonal points or sound academic. They too have their mean

36、ings and uses.6. And and butNever be afraid of keeping it simple. I do. My essays work. You will also find that I almost never use “moreover” and “furthermore”. More to the point, neither do band 8.0 candidates typically. When all you want to do is add a point say “and” and if you want to make a con

37、trast, you are most likely to use “but” or “however,”.Test your own writingThe best advice is of course always to find yourself a teacher, but if you are working by yourself, here is something you can do. Find an essay you have written and go through it:烤鸭们赶快拿出自己的作文，对着以下几点好好检查一下吧！让自己知道离8分到底有多远·

38、 · Do you use different grammatical structures? (You should have at least some of the ones I have mentioned)你有用多种语法结构吗？· Can you see why you have used any of the more complex structures? 你知道自己为什么用那些复杂结构吗？3. How long is your average sentence? (around 15 words is about right I would suggest)

39、 你的句子一般有多长？4. Do your paragraphs combine longer and shorter sentences and simpler and more complex sentences? 你的段落里有长短句、简单和复杂句结合吗？5. Do you use “and” and “but”? 你有用这两个连词吗？Good luck！大作文指南-想冲8分吗？词汇要丰富哦！ 8分作文对于很多烤鸭来说不是一件容易的事，不过大家不妨来看看想拿8分需要注意些什么！或许没有想象中那么难哦而且当你用高标准来要求自己，你也就离8分不远啦反正还没拿8分就是在争取拿8分的路上！以下是一

40、位外籍雅思老师对于8分作文标准的解析，着重在词汇方面。Band score 8.0 range of vocabularyThis is the next in my series of lessons in how to achieve a high band score in IELTS essays. This time the focus is on vocabulary. There is no magic bullet here vocabulary learning takes time. Thats the bad news. What I do do though is to

41、 talk you through some of the more common problems with vocabulary in essays and give you some tips on avoiding them. A sample essay weak vocabularyRead through this sample essay. It is well structured and addresses the question, but it is weak on vocab. Can you see what the problems are? 先来看一篇词汇比较弱

42、的例文，找找有哪些问题！We live in a world where health and safety is more and more important One of the signs of this is the demand that dangerous sports should be banned. While I understand that argument, my view is that people should be free to do whatever sports they want.The biggest reason for objecting to

43、 extreme sports is that they can be very dangerous and can sometimes kill people. More than that, it is not just the sportspeople who are in danger, but spectators too can be badly injured. If, for example, a Formula 1 car crashes, the driver may be hurt and it is possible that people in the crowd w

44、ill be too. Because of this danger, it is understandable why people want the government to ban these sports.The opposite argument is that people should be free to do whatever risk they want. So, if someone wants to jump out of a plane, then they should be allowed to and the government cannot say wha

45、t they should do. A further point is that many dangerous sports are not very risky and it is as dangerous doing everyday activities such as crossing the road or cooking a meal as bungee jumping.My personal view is that the government should regulate dangerous sports, but it should not ban them. It s

46、hould also make certain that there is as little danger as possible because safety is the most important thing. This is most important for young children.Seeing the problems repetition 问题一：重复One of the most common problems is you can get “stuck” on certain words. This frequently happens with words in

47、 the question itself. To some extent this is unavoidable and you will see my improved version retains quite a lot of repetition there is simply less of it. 雅思作文中一个常见的问题就是“卡”在某些词上，而且经常是题目中出现过的词。重复是无可避免的，但是看看下面是修改过的例文，是不是减少了很多？红色部分是原文重复的地方，蓝色部分是修改的版本。See the repetition correctedWe live in a world wher

48、e health and safety is more and more important. One of the signs of this people want the government to ban dangerous sports. While I understand that argument, my view is that people should be free to do whatever sports they want.We live in a world where health and safety is an ever greater priority.

49、 One of the signs of this is the demand that dangerous sports should be banned. While I understand that argument, my view is that, within certain limits, people should retain the freedom to participate in whatever sports they choose.The biggest reason for objecting to dangerous sports is that they c

50、an be very dangerous and can sometimes kill people. More than that, it is not just the sportspeople who are in danger, but spectators too can be badly hurt. If, for example, a Formula 1 car crashes, the driver may be hurt and it is possible that people in the crowd will be too. Because of this dange

51、r, it is understandable why people want the government to ban these sports.The principal reason for objecting to extreme sports is of course that they can be highly dangerous and sometimes life-threatening. More than that, it is not just the participants who are at risk, but spectators too can be se

52、riously injured. If, for example, a Formula 1 car crashes, the driver may not escape unharmed and there is also a chance that a bouncing tyre or debris will fly into the crowd. Given this level of danger, it is understandable why people call for the authorities to take action.The opposite argument i

53、s that people should be free to do whatever risk they want. So, if someone wants to jump out of a plane, then they should be allowed to and the government cannot say what they should do. A further point is that many dangerous sports are not very risky and it is as dangerous doing everyday activities

54、 such as crossing the road or cooking a meal as bungee jumping.The counter argument is that people should be allowed to assume whatever risk they choose. So, if someone wishes to freefall from a plane at 30,000 feet, then they should be free to do so and it should be accepted that it is not the plac

55、e of the government to dictate how they lead their lives. A further point is that in statistical terms there is a low probability of injury in many so-called dangerous sports and people are at greater risk carrying out everyday activities such as crossing the road or cooking a meal as bungee jumping

56、.My personal view is that the government should regulate dangerous sports, but it should not ban them. It should also make certain that there is as little danger as possible because safety is the most important thing. This is most important for young children who cannot make their own decisions.My p

57、ersonal view is that while the government and other authorities do need to regulate dangerous sports, it would be preferable not to impose a ban on them entirely. I would suggest that safeguards need to be established so that any risk is minimised. What these safeguards are will vary from sport to s

58、port, but safety has to be paramount, especially where minors are involved. Tip think of vocabulary before you start writing 开始写作之前想好词汇The idea is quite simple. If you think of the words you want to use before you write, then you can use them. On the other hand, if you start writing too quickly, then it becomes much harder to try and vary your vocab.在动笔之前想好要用的词哦，不然的话动笔越快，越难变换词汇。Tip repetition should be on everyones