介电泳现象及其在奈米操纵之应用

1、國立成功大學國立成功大學 物理系物理系93年年11月月25日日 (星期四星期四)1. 1. 電泳電泳( (electrophoresis, EP)electrophoresis, EP) 3. 3. Applications in micro-meter scale2.2. 介電泳介電泳( (dielectrophoresisdielectrophoresis, DEP), DEP) 4. 4. Manipulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)5. 5. Other prospects in nano-meter scale所謂奈米的國度所謂奈米的國度femto-

2、10 -15 mm毫米(公厘)pico-10 -12 nano-10 -9 micro-10 -6 mini-10 -3 meter10 0 kilo-10 3 pm(胚？)米fm飛米nm奈米 m微米m米(公尺)km仟米(公里)忠孝新生站忠孝復興站假設全世界的人口已增加到一百億 (10 10 )， 若大家肩並肩地塞進一公尺寬的隊伍裡，則每個人的肩寬應為 0.1 奈米，恰約氫原子的直徑。何謂何謂電泳電泳？ ( (electrophoresis) ) http:/ /bioelectrochemistry /tiselius.htm 1948 諾貝爾化學獎 瑞典籍的生化學家Arne Tiseliu

3、s (1937)1. 電泳(electrophoresis, EP) 3. Applications in micro-meter scale2.2. 介電泳介電泳( (dielectrophoresisdielectrophoresis, DEP), DEP) 4. Manipulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)5. Other prospects in nano-meter scale原子操控術原子操控術Title: Atom Media: Iron on Copper (111) Lutz & Eigler以以原子為顏料的奈米風情畫原子為顏料的奈米

4、風情畫http:/ ( (dielectrophoresis) ) Herbert A. Pohl, Dielectrophoresis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1978. dc electrophoresisBoth CNTs bundles and other carbon contaminants have negative chargesin the methanol and hence are attracted toward a positively biased electrode.ac electrophoresi

5、sIn the case of an ac bias, the time-average force acting on a spherical canbe expressed as 23Re2rmsmEKRFapplied ac biasdielectric constantdirect proportion volumeAppl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 80, No. 20, 20 May 2002B. Scaling with electrode sizeA. Scaling with particle size電泳電泳 ( (EP)EP)electrophoresis介電

6、泳介電泳 ( (DEP)DEP)didielectrophoresisd.c.a.c.Specific solventsCharged objectsAny electric fieldAny solventsAny objectsNon-uniformelectric fieldSpecific solventsCharged objectsNo net motionAny solventsAny objectsNon-uniformelectric fieldTunable freq.1. 電泳(electrophoresis, EP) 3. 3. Applications in micr

7、o-meter scale2. 介電泳(dielectrophoresis, DEP) 4. Manipulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)5. Other prospects in nano-meter scale1. 電泳(electrophoresis, EP) 3. Applications in micro-meter scale2. 介電泳(dielectrophoresis, DEP) 4. 4. Manipulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)5. Other prospects in nano-meter scal

8、e奈米碳管的特性奈米碳管的特性奈米碳管的製備奈米碳管的製備主要製備技術及其優缺點主要製備技術及其優缺點 電弧放電法電弧放電法(Arc-discharge)雷射濺鍍法雷射濺鍍法(Laser ablation)化學氣相沉積法化學氣相沉積法Chemical Vapor Deposition原料原料2x石墨棒石墨棒(其一含催化微粒其一含催化微粒)石墨棒石墨棒(含催化微粒含催化微粒)有機氣體有機氣體(碳氫化合物碳氫化合物)催化微粒催化微粒設備設備直流高功率電壓源直流高功率電壓源聚焦雷射聚焦雷射高溫通氣爐管高溫通氣爐管碳管形貌碳管形貌糾結糾結糾結糾結較易於控制較易於控制碳管產量碳管產量低低高高高高碳管品質

9、碳管品質佳佳佳佳較常見缺陷較常見缺陷奈米碳管的特性及其奈米碳管的特性及其( (可能可能) )應用應用 特性特性( (可能可能) ) 應用應用備註備註單壁碳管單壁碳管準一維系統準一維系統半導性半導性金屬性金屬性可逆撓屈性可逆撓屈性電子波導、量子線電子波導、量子線奈米二極體、場效應電晶體奈米二極體、場效應電晶體一維導體一維導體奈米機電之機電轉換元件奈米機電之機電轉換元件 共通共通高導電性高導電性(優於銅優於銅)高導熱性高導熱性(優於鑽石優於鑽石)化學惰性化學惰性機械穩定性機械穩定性奈米電子產品奈米電子產品高效率散熱元件高效率散熱元件氫燃料電池、氣體或化學偵測器氫燃料電池、氣體或化學偵測器掃瞄探針顯

10、微鏡之探針掃瞄探針顯微鏡之探針 多壁碳管多壁碳管高機械強度高機械強度高電流密度高電流密度超輕型防彈衣、防震建築超輕型防彈衣、防震建築場發射燈泡、平面顯示器場發射燈泡、平面顯示器 1. Chiral selectivity of filtering or growing CNTs2. Well-behaved (electrical) contacts with the substrates 3. Reliable recipes for mass-production Technical barriers:(註：註：Chirality = helicity = 螺旋性螺旋性)奈米碳管的製備奈米

11、碳管的製備Practical Processing of Carbon NanotubesPurification : Commercially available products of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may contain significant amount of impurities which need to be removed in the first place. Cutting : Purified CNTs suspension in acidic solution sonication in a water bath filtration

12、 with a pore filter membrane ( polishing 2nd filtration ) storage by suspension in a surfactant. CarboLex AP-grade single-wall carbon nanotubesdiameter 1.2-1.5 nm (raw material as grown)cut carbon nanotubesafter cutthere are 290 CNTs bundles which havebeen countedelectrophoresis previous experiments

13、 (dc electrophoresis)Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol.35 (1996) pp.L917-L918dc 15VAl previous experiments (ac electrophoresis)J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 (1998) L34-L36ac 20 VppFreq. 10MHzAldc: 15Vtime: 30”ac: 20 Vpptime: 203”OM:1000X02004006008001000 1200 1400 16000510152025303540 CountLength(nm) 040 120 200

14、 normalFig. 3. Length distribution of CNTs arriving at the edge of an outer electrode for different time of DEP. Note that the total number of count for each curve has been normalized to be the same.Ralph Krupke, Frank Hennrich, Hilbert v. Lohneysen, ManfredM. Kappes SCIENCE VOL 301 (2003) p.344SCIE

15、NCE VOL 301 (2003) p.344 Applications四探針式碳管電性測量四探針式碳管電性測量碳管氣體偵測器碳管氣體偵測器V. Derycke, R. Martel, J. Appenzeller, Ph. AvourisIBM Research DiVision, T. J. Watson Research Center, NANO LETTERS, Received August 16, 2001Fig. 4. AFM image near the pre- patterned electrodes after the deposition of CNTs by DEP

16、. electrode.Michael R. Diehl, Sophia N. Yaliraki, Robert A. Beckman, Mauricio Barahona, and James R. HeathAngewAngew. Chem. . Chem. 20022002, , 114114, Nr. 2, p. 363, Nr. 2, p. 363Figure 1. Scanning electron micrographs of SWNT crossbars with varying pitch. Scale bars are 500 nm for a) and b), and 1

17、 m for c). The diameter of the ropes is not well measured with this technique, but can be measured with force microscopy. The shortest (500 nm) wires are characterized by diameters of 1 2 nm, while the longest (20 m) wires possess diameters ranging from 10to 15 nm. SWNT rope lengths m: a) 3.70.3 &am

18、p; 1.2 0.33; b) 2.80.53; c) 3.81.2.W. B. Choi,a) D. S. Chung, J. H. Kang, H. Y. Kim, Y. W. Jin, I. T. Han, Y. H. Lee,b)J. E. Jung, N. S. Lee, G. S. Park,c) and J. M. Kimd)The National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Electron Emission Source, Samsung AdvancedInstitute of Technology, P.O. Box

19、 111, Suwon 440-600, KoreaAPPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS VOLUME 75, NUMBER 20 15 NOVEMBER 1999奈米碳管的應用奈米碳管的應用奈米科技的魔法師奈米科技的魔法師奈米碳管的應用奈米碳管的應用奈米科技的魔法師奈米科技的魔法師SEM images of Ultrasharp silicon cantilever tip鎧柏科技有限公司鎧柏科技有限公司T. YOSHIMOTO et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 40 (2001) Pt. 2, No. 9A/BSPM tip equipped wi

20、th a CNT1. 電泳(electrophoresis, EP) 3. Applications in micro-meter scale2. 介電泳(dielectrophoresis, DEP) 4. Manipulation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)5. 5. Other prospects in nano-meter scaleFig. 2. Latex beads “trapped” between four electrodes under the influenceof negative dielectrophoresis.Fig. 3. DNA

21、trapped at the high field region of gold electrodes. Individual DNA molecules cannot be resolved in this image.Lifeng Zheng, Shengdong Li, Peter J. Burke, and James P. Brody, IEEE 0-7803-7977-2 (2003).Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrograph image of a single walled carbon nanotube. This nanoelectrode could allow the electronic manipulation of individual molecules in solution using dielectrophoresis.Fig. 5. Schematic indication of the strongly divergent electric fields expected at the tip of