混凝土及钢筋混凝土工程施工工艺

1、stressed that promoting thecomprehensive revitalization should focuson economic construction as the central focus with,pay special attention to gra sp the implementati on of five developme nt concepts,dee pening reform andpromoti ng the all-round opening up, ensuring and improvingpeople's liveli

2、hood, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, "five priorities", play developme nt mix. To with new development concept measure work, and command action, and training ca dres, in implement implementation new developme nt concept in the looking for opportunities, and buildhi

3、ghlig hts, and expa nd advantage; to fulldeepening reform, break bound the aspectscreated vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspe cts opening, participation "in t he ca st Russian Economic Corridor" construction; to guarantees and impr oved livelihood, strongly

4、w on povertybattle; to strengthe ning ecologicalcivilization constructi on,for future generations left skybl ue, a nd t o gree n, and water cle ar ofbetter homes.We must in-depth implementimplementation new developme nt concept, insisted to e conomic construction forCenter, firmly caughtdevelopmentt

5、his first priority, absorbed make construction, heartno di stractions caughtdevelopme nt, speed up development "sixbig industry", in-depth im plementation "three bigengineering", activecreate "two bigenvironment",out of a article quality more hig h, a ndbe nefits better

6、, a ndstructure moreexcellent of transformation developme nt of r oad.o strengthen ecological construction. On March22, thedeep restructuring examined and adopted the opinion on perfectingcompensation mechanism of ecologicalprote ction,proposed to explorethe establi shmecompensation coverage, the ec

7、ological adva ntages of the region willbe further highlighted.We need to go green eco-building , as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of main function region construction requirements, car eful implementation and Xiaoxi ng ' an mountains forestecologicalprotection and eco

8、nomic restructuring pla n for theconstruction of skyblue, . Acts prohibited bypicki ng up the remainingwells in standing timber.o focus on forest resourceconservation, increase the acquisiti on and supervision of coldstorage, nobuy fruit, encourage support to le ading e nterprise s, workers ' co

9、operatives as aunit, t he contract managementof forest resources, the rational protecti on and utilization of resources.o w ork actively towardspolicy aimed from the level of the State Forestry Administration formulated regulations toprotect forest resources a s soon assafety is the first priority混凝

10、土及钢筋混凝土工程（一）施工程序其施工程序如下：施工准备材料采运加工模板、 钢筋制安砼拌和运输浇筑振实养护拆模养护检查验收。（二）模板工程(1) 本工程砼施工主要采用定型钢模，其余混凝土施工根据设计图纸中砼构件的尺寸确定合适模板的材料、尺寸及形状，拼制模板时，板边要平直，接缝严密，不得漏浆。(2) 模板材质应符合相应的国家和行业规定，木材的质量应达到III 等以上的材质标准，腐朽、严重扭曲或脆性的木材严禁使用。钢模厚度不应小于 3mm，钢板面应尽可能光滑， 不允许有凹坑， 褶皱和其他表面缺陷。 模板的金属支撑件材料也应符合有关行业规定。(3) 根据混凝土构件的施工详图进行施工测量放样， 重要的

11、结构多设控制点，以便检查校正。模板安装过程中， 必须经常保持足够的临时固定措施， 以防倾覆。安装的模板之间的接缝必须平整严密。模板安装应符合设计及规范要求。(4) 模板支撑由侧板、立档、横档、斜撑和水平撑组成，支撑必须保证牢固，在混凝土振捣过程中不会产生位移变形。(5) 安装支撑、调整完毕后的模板，在模板与砼接触面涂上防锈保护涂料和脱模涂料。模板安装合格后方能进行下道工序的施工。（三）钢筋本工程主要是指钢筋的采购、 运输、验收、保管、加工、制作、安装等内容。1、钢筋的材质(1) 所有钢筋均应按施工详图及有关文件、指示进行订购，进场钢筋的外观符合技术规范的要求， 并具有出厂证明和试验报告单， 钢

12、筋表面或每捆 ( 盘) 均有标志并交给工程师审查。在使用之前按批号及直径依据钢筋试验规程取样试验，如拉伸试验、弯曲试验，凡检验、试验不合格的，一律清退出场，以保证钢筋质量。（2）钢筋砼结构用的钢筋，其种类、钢号、直径及其它性能指标等均应符合施工详图及有关设计文件的规定。he first responsibilityof the forest, 26th spring areahas fullydepl oyed to the fire, has now e ntered the fire, we have to be onduty, and defend. Determined to over

13、come paralysis, must not "Twelve-Five" no fires in the past, the reduced requirements duri ng theperi od.o a pply strictly the partywith the responsibilit y, must shoulder the responsibility of the Party Secretary in particula r, really practicepipes, it can never shuaishouzhanggui, besure

14、 to layer the implementation falls fire responsibility, toensure thatno major forest fires. To adheretobalance d, correctlyhandle the relationship between fire and proje ct constructi on, industrialdevelopment, to "never missor two." Second, tospeedup the development of six major industrie

15、s. Promotedevelopment in our region, the key is to give fullplay to resource advantage to buildeco-oriented "big six" system, tocreate thenewengine of economi c growt h. Firm confidence. Practicehas proved trequirements, and meet the actual da hinggan mountains, throug h a ctive efforts ha

16、vebee n showing a strong momentum of development. So, in the "six" on development, we must be firm in faith, go allout, perseverance, onecaughtin the end,convince d thatCastle i s not relaxed,doe s not reach t he target willnever g iveup. S hould focus on industrialprojects. Project is to

17、a ccelerate the industrial development of important support and backing.Industrialproje ct construction, my area there are few i n number, smallsize, l ow levelproblems.This year, the pr ojectas his partyhas "firstproject", we haveto work har d to project construction. Espe cially effectiv

18、eduring short, catchi ng projectshallnot, slowdragging not allowed. All localitiesshoul d conscientiously implement the project leadership system, timetable, roadmap, and coordinateservice s, tracki ng thewhole prchalle nges, to accelerate thepace of preliminary formalities, the enter prises havedif

19、ficulties to pull one way and also help in a timely manner to helpbusinesses market, enha nce confidence,urging work as soon as possible. To strengthen t he proje ct analysis, proper risk analysis and im prove project success rates. (Specific to the XX, we stillwant to make gooduse of agricultural a

20、dvantages, relying on theupper reachesof the forest in the freshair and XXXpure water and other resources, createhigh-quality,high-grade green food brands, truly reflect the original character. Meanw hile, adhere to the proje ct as the breakthrough topromote economi c development around the "si

21、x industrial chain" topay special attention to forming proje cts, digpotential projects, focus on key projects, activelycultivating t he new leading industries and new sources of e conomic growth).o promote investment. More accurateindustrial layoutstressed that promoting thecomprehensive revit

22、alization should focuson economic construction as the central focus with,pay special attention to gra sp the implementation of five developme nt concepts,dee pening reform andpromoti ng the all-round opening up, ensuring and improvingpeople's livelihood, strengthen the construction of ecological

23、 civilization, "five priorities", play developme nt mix. To with new development conce pt measure work, and command action, and training ca dres, in implement implementation new developme nt concept in the looking for opportunities, and buildhighlig hts, and expa nd advantage; to fulldeepe

24、ning reform, break bound the aspectscreated vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspe cts opening, participation "in t he ca st Russian Economic Corridor" construction; to guarantees and impr oved livelihood, strongly w on povertybattle; to strengthe ning ecologic

25、alcivilizaton constructi on, forsustainablfor future generations left skybl ue, a nd t o gree n, and water cle ar ofbetter homes.We must in-depth implementimplementation new developme nt concept, insisted to e conomic construction forCenter, firmly caughtdevelopmentthis first priority, absorbed make

26、 construction, heartno di stractions caughtdevelopme nt, speed up development "sixbig industry", in-depth im plementation "three bigengineering", activecreate "two bigenvironment",out of a article quality more hig h, a ndbe nefits bette r, a ndstruct ure moreexcellent o

27、f transformation developme nt of r oad.o strengthenecological construction. On March22, thedeep restructuring examined and adopted the opinion on perfectingcompensation mechanism of ecologicalprote ction,proposed to explorethe establi shmecompensation coverage, the ecological adva ntages of the regi

28、on willbe further highlighted.We need to go green eco-building , as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of main function region construction requirements, car eful implementation and Xiaoxi ng ' an mountains forestecol ogicalprotection and economic restructuring plan for th

29、econstruction of skyblue, . Acts prohibited bypicki ng up the remainingwells i n standing timber.o focus on forest resourceconservation, increase the acquisition a nd supervision of coldstorage, nobuy fruit, encourage support to le ading enterprise s, workers ' c ooperatives as aunit, t he contr

30、act managementof forest resources, the rational protecti on and utilization of resources.o w ork actively towardspolicy aimed from the level of the State Forestry Administration formulated regulations toprotect forest resources a s soon assafety is the first priority(3) 钢筋必须按不同等级、牌号、规格及生产厂家分批验收，分别堆存

31、，不得混杂，且应立牌以资识别。在贮存、运输过程中应避免锈蚀和污染。钢筋宜堆置在仓库 ( 棚 ) 内，露天堆置时，应垫高并加遮盖。2、钢筋的试验钢筋在加工使用前，应分批进行机械性能试验：(1) 钢筋分批试验，以同一炉 ( 批) 号、同一截面尺寸的钢筋为一批，取样的重量不大于 60kg。(2) 根据厂商提供的钢筋质量证明书，检查每批钢筋的外表质量，并测量每批钢筋的代表直径。(3) 在每批钢筋中，选取经表面检查尺寸测量合格的两根钢筋中各取一个拉力试件和一个冷弯试件，如一组试验项目的一个试件不符合监理人规定数值时，则另取两倍数量的试件进行实验， 对不合格的项目做第二次试验， 如有一个试件不合格，则该批

32、钢筋不合格。3、钢筋的加工和安装(1) 钢筋的表面应洁净无损伤，油漆污染和铁锈等应在使用前清除干净。带有颗粒状或片状老锈的钢筋不得使用。(2) 钢筋应平直，无局部弯折。钢筋的调直应遵循以下规定：采用冷拉法调直钢筋时， I 级钢筋的冷拉率不宜大于 4%，、级钢筋的冷拉率不得大于1%冷拉低碳钢丝在调直机上调直后， 其表面不得有明显擦伤， 抗拉强度不得低于施工图纸的要求。钢筋加工的尺寸应符合施工图纸的要求， 加工后的钢筋的允许偏差不得超过以下标准：圆钢筋制成箍筋，其弯钩长度表箍筋直径受力钢筋直径 (mm)<28284051075901290105施工时，应按照设计施工详图进行钢筋放样，并在模板

33、或其它建筑物上明确标记。钢筋的安装位置、 间距、保护层及各部分钢筋大小的尺寸均应符合施工he first responsibilityof the forest, 26th spring areahas fullydepl oyed to the fire, has now e ntered the fire, we have to be onduty, and defend. Determined to overcome paralysis, must not "Twelve-Five" no fires in the past, the reduced requirem

34、ents duri ng theperi od.o a pply strictly the partywith the re sponsibilit y, must shoulder the responsibility of the Party Secretary in particula r, really practicepipes, it can never shuaishouzhanggui, besure to layer the implementation falls fire responsibility, toensure thatno major forest fires

35、. To adhere tobalance d, correctlyhandle the relationship between fire and proje ct constructi on, industrialdevelopment, to "never missor two." Second, tospeed up the development of six major industries. Promotedevelopment in our region, the key is to give fullplay to resource advantage t

36、o buildeco-oriented "big six" system, tocreate thenewengine of economi c growt h. Firm confidence. Practicehas proved that the "bigsix" of both ce ntral and provirequirements, and meet the actual da hinggan mountains, throug h a ctive efforts havebee n showing a strong momentum o

37、f development. So, in the "six" on development, we must be firm in faith, go allout, perseverance, onecaughtin the end,convince d thatCastle i s not relaxed,doe s not reach t he target willnever giveup. S hould focus on industrialprojects. Project is to a ccelerate the industrial developme

38、nt of important support and backing.Industrialproje ct construction, my area there are few i n number, smallsize, l ow levelproblems.This year, the projectas his partyhas "firstproject", we haveto work har d to project construction. Espe cially effectiveduring short, catchi ng projectshall

39、 not, slowdragging not allowed. All localitiesshoul d conscientiously implement the project leadership system, timetable, roadmap, and coordinateservice s, tracki ng thechalle nges, to accelerate thepace of preliminary formalities, the enter prises havedifficulties to pull one way and also help in a

40、 timely manner to helpbusinesses market, enha nce confidence,urging w ork as soon aspossible. To strengthen t he proje ct analysis, proper risk analysis and im prove project success rates. (Specific to the XX, we stillwant to make gooduse of agricultural advantages, relying on theupper reachesof the

41、 forest in the freshair and XXXpure water and other resources, createhigh-quality,high-grade green food brands, truly reflect the original character. Meanw hile, adhere to the proje ct as the breakthrough topromote economi c development around the "six industrial chain" topay special atten

42、tion to forming proje cts, digpotential projects, focus on key projects, activelycultivating t he new leading industries and new sources of e conomic growth).o promote investment. More accurateprofessionalindustrial layout。详图的规定。为了保证混凝土保护层的必要厚度， 应在钢筋模板之间设置强度不低于结构设计强度的混凝土垫块， 垫块应埋设铁丝与钢筋扎紧， 垫块应互相错开，分散布

43、置。（四）普通混凝土工程 ( 含钢筋混凝土工程 )施工放样结束后， 进行模板、 钢筋工序的施工， 经监理单位验收合格后的工作面，方可进行混凝土施工，在混凝土施工前，保持基层的清洁和湿润状态。1、混凝土材料施工前首先对原材料进行试验， 确定最优配合比作为施工控制依据。 同时根据施工进度计划进行原材料的备料， 满足施工的连续性， 合格的材料进场后应按照不同的种类分别堆放。 本工程的粗细骨料在指定的料场购买。 骨料的材质、 粒径、含泥量等指标均应达到相关规定和标准，自卸汽车运输到施工现场。(1) 水泥水泥采用发包人指定材料供应供货， 运输过程中应注意其品种和标号不得混杂，并采取有效措施防止受潮。(2

44、) 骨料按业主提供的料场进行购买，所购骨料应是合格材料。细骨料应质地坚硬，清洁、级配良好，细度模数应在2.4 3.0 范围内，其他标准应符合有关技术规范。粗骨料的最大粒径， 不应超过钢筋最小净间距的 2/3 及构件断面最小边长的 1/4 ，素混凝土板厚的 1/2 ，所用骨料应尽量级配连续。不同粒径的骨料应分别堆存， 严禁相互混杂和混入泥土； 装卸时，粒径大于 40mm的骨料的净自由落差不应大于 3m，应避免造成骨料的严重破碎，对含有活性骨料、黄锈等的粗骨料，必须进行专门试验后，才能使用。(3) 水本工程拟采用库水经净化处理合格后用于施工。其 pH 值、不溶物、可溶物氯化物、等的含量按下表标准执

45、行。物质含量极限项 目钢筋混凝土素混凝土pH值 44不溶物 mg/L 20005000可溶物 mg/L 5000 10000氯化 ( 以 Cl - 计)mg/L 120035002-计)mg/L 27002700硫酸盐(以 SO4-可编辑修改 -stressed that promoting thecomprehensive revitalization should focuson economic construction as the central focus with,pay special attention to gra sp the implementation of five

46、 developme nt concepts,dee pening reform andpromoti ng the all-round opening up, ensuring and improvingpeople's livelihood, strengthen the construction of ecological civilization, "five priorities", play developme nt mix. To with new development conce pt measure work, and command actio

47、n, and training ca dres, in implement implementation new developme nt concept in the looking for opportunities, and buildhighlig hts, and expa nd advantage; to fulldeepening reform, break bound the aspectscreated vitality of system mechanism obstacles; to active advance full aspe cts opening, partic

48、ipation "in t he ca st Russian Economic Corridor" construction; to guarantees and impr oved livelihood, strongly w on povertybattle; to strengthe ning ecologicalcivilizaton constructi on, forsustainablfor future generations left skybl ue, a nd t o gree n, and water cle ar ofbetter homes.We

49、 must in-depth implementimplementation new developme nt concept, insisted to e conomic construction forCenter, firmly caughtdevelopmentthis first priority, absorbed make construction, heartno di stractions caughtdevelopme nt, speed up development "sixbig industry", in-depth im plementation

50、 "three bigengineering", activecreate "two bigenvironment",out of a article quality more hig h, a ndbe nefits bette r, a ndstruct ure moreexcellent of transformation developme nt of r oad.o strengthenecological construction. On March22, thedeep restructuring examined and adopted

51、the opinion on perfectingcompensation mechanism of ecologicalprote ction,proposed to explorethe establi shmecompensation coverage, the ecological adva ntages of the region willbe further highlighted.We need to go green eco-building , as the essential policy, in strict accordance with the State of ma

52、in function region construction requirements, car eful implementation and Xiaoxi ng ' an mountains forestecol ogicalprotection and economic restructuring plan for theconstruction of skyblue, . Acts prohibited bypicki ng up the remainingwells i n standing timber.o focus on forest resourceconservation, increase the acquisition a nd supervision of coldstorage, nobuy