八年级下册-状语从句讲解(共7页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 Adverbial Clause（状 语 从 句）1状语从句的种类 用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为： 1.时间状语从句；(adverbial clause of time) 2.地点状语从句；(adverbial clause of place) 3.原因状语从句；(adverbial clause of cause) 4.条件状语从句；(adverbial clause of condition) 5.目的状语从句；(adverbial clause of purpose) 6.让步状语从句；(adverbial

2、 clause of concession) 7.比较状语从句；(adverbial clause of comparison) 8.程度状语从句；(adverbial clause of degree) 9.方式状语从句；(adverbial clause of manner) 10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result) 2状语从句的时态特点 一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如： I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.

3、 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive） As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished） If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will com

4、e back）3时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time） 1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如： When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blo

5、ws up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！ Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。 You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。 Our headmaster laughed as she spoke

6、.我们的校长边谈边笑。 when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词） We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必

7、须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比） As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如： We

8、 always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”） As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示

9、主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 They had not been married four months before they were

10、 divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时） 3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯

11、定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如： I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到

12、达之前请等我。4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如： I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？ It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹

13、妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。例如： I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to

14、the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如： He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another

15、 journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。6.由by the time

16、引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如： Each

17、time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。 8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久就多久”。例如： You can go where yo

18、u like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。 I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，例如： 句型1：Where地点从句，（there）主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里哪里就”；主句在从句后面时，

19、there可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例如： Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的，或根本不可能的。 They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Commu

20、nist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党，哪里人民得解放。 句型2：Anywhere/ wherever地点从句，主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处，无论何处”。例如： Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。5条件状语从句 (adverbial clause

21、of condition)要点： 表示状语从句由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。1.If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨, 我们就去远足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.You will be late unless you leave immediate

22、ly.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=If you dont leave immediately, you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.He will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow. They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week.6原因状语从句(adverbial clause of cause)要点: 由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词

23、引导1.I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。2. Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都来了, 让我们开始开会吧.3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身体不好, 你就不该熬夜. 4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.难点becau

24、se , since , as , for,在语气上，because 最重, 表示的是直接理由,回答why 时只能用它. 其次是since, as ,一般不表示原因, 而是表明理由, 进一步说明.(译为：由于，既然). for 被认为是复合句的并列连词(常用于推断),表示理由.7目的，结果状语从句(adverbial clause of purpose) (adverbial clause of result)要点： 目的状语从句由连词that, so that, sothat , in order that 引导。结果状语从句由连词( so )that, sothat, suchthat,

25、so much/manythat引导。1.sothat 如此以至于The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。He always studied so hard that he made great progress.他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。2.so that 以至, 以便Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的)我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。I opened the window

26、so that fresh air might come in. (目的)我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。3. suchthat 如此。以至Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。4.in order that=so that:为了We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你们能够做出安排。(目的) 难点+形容词或

27、副词；+形+a(an)+单数可数名词；so +many 或few+复数可数名词 +that；+much或 little+不可数名词 so that ,suchthat 都可以in order that两者皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句，当他们引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语里常常有can, could, may, might, will, would等次。 so +adj./adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so ma

28、ny (few, much, little )+n. 。 such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数,单数,则必须在名词前敬爱冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:such a (beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. The weather is so nice that Id like to take a walk. 天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步. Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他(=Mike is suc

29、h an honest man that we all believe him.) 考点There are so few notebooks that I cant give you any.笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你.It is such nice weather that Id like to take a walk.天气是如此只好,以至于我想去散散步. 8让步状语从句(adverbial clause of concession)要点: 表示让步的状语从句由连词 though, although引导.难点：though, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用. Althou

30、gh,(though)but的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用. 所以thought (although)yet(still)的格式是正确的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.Right : Although we have grown up, o

31、ur parents still treat us as children.尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩.although, though 辨析although 不能though 那样用作副词, 放在句末表示强调时要用even though.He is looking fit, though.但是,他看上去很健康. 考点Even though I didnt under a word, I kept smiling.尽管我一个字也不懂，我还是一直微笑着。He is quite experienced, he is young, though.尽管他很年轻，他很有经验。9比

32、较状语从句(adverbial clause of comparison)要点：比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级，比较级及最高级的句子之中。 原级1. asas 和。一样Jack is as tall as Bob.捷克和汤姆一样高。2. not so(as)as 和不一样She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.她不如她姐姐外向。比较级morethan (更)This book is more instructive than that one.这本书比那本书由教育意义。最高级1.The mostin/ofThis book is the mos

33、t interesting of the three.这本书是三本中最有趣的。 2. the + 形容词+estof/inThis road is the busiest street in our city. 这条路是我们城市最繁忙的街道。知识扩展no more than只不过(嫌少的意思)I have no more than two pens.我只有两支笔。Its no more than a mile to the shops.去商店不过一英里。not more than不如。；(前者不如后者)Jack is not more diligent than John.捷克不如约翰勤奋。o

34、ne of the + 名词(复数).之一(用于最高级)Han Mei is one of the best students in our school. 韩梅是我们学校最好的学生之一。 练习一、用when , while ,as soon as, notuntil 填空1. The car hit the man _ he was crossing the road.2. Ill tell you the good news_ I get there.3. He _ go to bed _11oclock last night.4. The accident happened _ I wa

35、s on my way to work.    5. Sports build the body_ reading builds the mind.6. I used to be rather quite_ I was young. 二、用although , though, however填空1.They got to the airport on time_ the traffic was bad.2. We had a wonderful_ the food was terrible.3. Some people think winter is a bad

36、season. _, for me itsa good time because I live cold, rainy weather.三、用because, since, so that, if填空1._ were young, we shouldnt be too afraid of making mistakes.2.The weather was _ nice _ I spent the whole day in the park.3.He couldnt come to your party_ he was ill.4._ were you, I would wear that ea

37、rrings.四、填入适当的引导词1. I haven't heard from him _ he went to America.2. He won't be here _ he is invited.3. He will not go to the cinema _ he is very busy.4. We found the key _ she lad left it.5. We found the books two days _ he had gone away.6. We had no sooner got to the station _ the train l

38、eft.7. He speaks English _ he were an Englishman.8. He is explaining clearly _ they could understand.9. Do not leave the room _ you have finished the test.10. She sang _ she went along.五、 改错 1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.2. Since her husband had died，so she had t

39、o support her family.3. He won't go out until his mother will come.4. He was very foolish that he didn't pass such an easy exam.5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.6. It was three months since he came to our school.7. The playground of our school is larger than their school.8.

40、 The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.六、状语从句在解完形填空题的作用在完形填空解题过程中，正确使用状语从句中的连接词及副词，对于把握作者思路、从不同角度进行合乎逻辑的推理，进而达到理解全文、构建篇章意识来解决问题，起着决定性的作用。 Example 1，Some people dislike certain food 1_ th

41、ey are not used to it. The Japanese enjoy eating raw fish 2_ few Americans would want to taste it. Some people do not eat particular food for religious reasons. For instance, Muslims do not eat pork 3_ pigs are thought to be unclean.1( )A. because B. before C. when D. since2 ( ) A. as B. when C. whi

42、le D. after3 ( ) A. although B. because C. till D. so thatExample 2，People enjoy the food that they grew up with. As a cultural group, we learn to like what is available(现成可使用的 ) to us. Sometimes we need to change our eating habits. 4_ we move or travel to a new place with a different culture, or fa

43、vorite food may not be available to us. 5_ we have to eat food that is different from the food we are used to . 4 ( ) A. when B. because C. as soon as D. if 5 ( )A. As a result B. before C. so D. forExample 3，Try not to leave any caller on hold for too long. It is better to tell someone you will cal

44、l back 6_ you are free. Be sure to return calls 7_ you can. 8 _ you can not return the call immediately, apologize to the caller for the delay.6 ( )A. while B. after C. when D. because7 ( )A. if B. as soon as C. until D. as8 ( )A. where B. unless C. since D. if Example 4，The complete course is 26 miles, 385 yards, and takes the best runners less than 3 hours. 9_ it has changed since 1970, the New York City Marathon is always exciting.9 (