2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)

1、One【2021届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thisarticleisforalloftheteenagersoutthere.Eventhough41youareyearsfrombeingfullygrown,societyregularly

2、expectsyoutoadult.Yes,youare42inmanyways:manyofyoudriveanddosoquitesafely,andyouhandleschedulesthatwould43manyadults.Butyouprobablycannotprocesscaffeine咖啡因asconstantlyasyourparentscanbecauseofyourstill-growingbodiesandbrains.Iunderstanditfeelsgrown-uptobedrinkingacupofStarbucks.Butallofthiscaffeinem

3、ayworsenyouranxiety,affecttonight'slsepandtomorrow'schoolperformance,44nutrientabsorptionandevencauserealtroublewhenmixedwithalcohol.Thefollowingfouraspectsmaywell45thethemeofthisarticle.ThepowerofcaffeineCaffeineiswidelyconsideredadrugthatissociallyacceptable,universallyused,evencool,butits

4、tillcauses46symptomssuchasheadaches,fatigueandalackofattentionwhenremovedfromcoffee-addicts'diets.Howmuchishealthy?Caffeineisbynomeansanutrient;youdonotneedittobehealthy.47,itisasubstancethatcanleaveyoulackingnutrientsbecauseithasbeenshowntoreducecalcium钙.Caffeineprobablycausesthebodytoreleasewa

5、ter.Andthemorecaffeinateddrinksyouconsume,thelesslikelyyouaretodrinkwater.Soexpertssaythatadolescentsshouldconsume48amountsofcaffeineaday<100mg.Caffeine's49AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,about65percentofmiddleandhigherschoolersare50toinsufficientsleeponschoolnights.Someof

6、theirsleepproblemscanbemainlyattributedto归因于caffeine,whichcanremaininthebodyforsevenhoursafter51,thuscausingteens'worseperformancethenextday.Itiswidelyassumedthatadequatesleep52propergrowthandbraindevelopment.Duringchildhoodandadolescence,thebraingoesthroughaperiodcalledsynapticpruning突触修剪whenun

7、necessaryconnectionsarepromoted.CaffeinelabellingCaffeineisnotlistedontheNutritionFactscolumnonfoodlabelsbecauseitisnota53.Itmaybelistedasaningredient,buttheamountisnotrequired.Caffeineisnowaddedtofoodssuchasgum,candyandwater,alongwithmakeupandbeautyproductsthat54toreduceswelling肿块.Tastepreferencesa

8、ndeatinghabitsareoftencultivatedinchildhoodandadolescence,soteens,whenyouconsumesweet,caffeinateddrinkseverytimeyoufeelsluggish无精打采的,youarecreatingapatternthatmaybehardtobreakasanadult.Itisadvisabletocomeupwithother55waystoboostenergysothatyoucanmasteradultingbetterthanmanyadults.41.A.potentiallyB.n

9、ecessarilyC.developmentallyD.materially42.A.matureB.experiencedC.productiveD.disciplined43.A.delightB.frustrateC.liberateD.exclude44.A.promoteB.assistC.intensifyD.discourage45.A.callforB.accountforC.turntoD.appealto46.A.withdrawalB.addictionC.nutritionD.infection47.A.ThereforeB.InsteadC.MoreoverD.Ot

10、herwise48.A.initialB.sufficientC.moderateD.stable49.A.reputationsB.confirmationsC.implicationsD.disadvantages50.A.subjectedB.alertedC.reducedD.opposed51.A.stimulationB.concentrationC.excitementD.consumption52.A.resultsfromB.contributestoC.benefitsfromD.attendsto53.A.therapyB.materialC.nutrientD.subs

11、titute54.A.failB.appearC.promiseD.happen55.A.instructiveB.comprehensiveC.extensiveD.alternativeTwo【2021届上海市黄浦区高三英语一模试题】出.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Keepin

12、gTheTapsRunninginThirstyCitiesWatercovers71%ofEarth'ssurfaceyetonly2%ofitisaccessibleasasourceoffreshwater.41onthislimitedresourcesisrising,atrendlikelytocontinue.Itisimportanttorecognizethatitisnotjustcityresidentswho42water.Agriculture,industryandtourismoftenrequiremorewaterthanthemunicipalwat

13、ersupply.Globally,70%offreshwateris43foragriculture,butlocallyinheavilyirrigated灌溉areasthiscanincreaseto90%.Ahealthyenvironmentalsorequiresfreshwater,andthequalityofavailablewaterisasimportantasits44.Waterstressisnotalwayscausedbyphysicalshortagesindryareas.45forwaterresourcesbetweendifferentuserswi

14、thinrivercatchmentsorbasinscanalsobeacause.Everythirstycityoperateswithinitsowncontext,46tothechallengeofprovidingadequatewatersupplies.CapeTown,47,hasfacedthreeyearsofdroughtduringwhichwinterrainsfailedtomaterialize.Attheendofthe2021rainyseasonthecityfacedthe48ofitsdamsrunningdryduring2021.Thedamsw

15、ereonly37%fullinthesameweekfouryearsbeforetheywerefulltothetop.InJanuary2021,itwas49thatCapeTownwouldreachDayZero,whenitwouldbeforcedtoturnoffthetaps,inApril.Thiswasdespitethecityreducingitswaterusebymorethanhalf,from1.2billionlitresadayin2021tofewerthan600millionlitres,andworking50withindustryandag

16、riculturetoreducedemand.OnFebruary1,theauthoritiesputinplaceastrictlimitof50litresofwaterperpersonperday.51,inBritainthisisconsideredenoughforafive-minuteshowerofhalfawashingmachinecycleonfullload.Inaddition,abanwasplacedonusing52waterforgardens,watermanagementdeviceswereinstalledathouseholdwithahig

17、hwateruseandthewaterpressurewasreducedtocutdemandandleaks.Atthesame,thecitylaunchedamedia53tochangehabitsandintroducedhigherduties.Thisisnotwithoutitscosts;agricultureandtourism,bothsignificantareasofemployment,have54.Itisaclassicexampleoftheproblemofwatereconomics-thecostofwaterislowbutthecostofala

18、ckofwaterisveryhigh.CrisessuchastheCapeTowndroughtareindangerofbecomingthenewnorm.The55ofDayZeromustserveasawake-upcallforcitiesacrosstheworldtodevelopcost-effectivewatermanagementstrategiestocopewithanuncertainfuture.41. A.Impact42. A.recycle43. A.restored44. A.change45. A.Competition46. A.contribu

19、ting47. A.inaddition48. A.prospect49. A.reported50. A.respectively51. A.Bycomparison52. A.feasible53. A.campaign54. A.invaded55. A.changeB.PressureB.wasteB.abstractedB.sourceB.ProtectionB.regardingB.forexampleB.illustrationB.presentedB.increasinglyB.InotherwordsB.drinkableB.statementB.liberatedB. th

20、eoryC. ImpressionC.consumeC.separatedC.originC.ConstructionC.respondingC.onthecontraryC.symptomC.predictedC.restrictivelyC.TooursurpriseC.inevitableC.presentationC.sufferedC. recordD. ObservationD.applyD.preservedD.volumeD.RegulationD.referringD.asaresultD.securityD.explainedD.extensivelyD.What'

21、smoreD.influentialD.advertisementD.proceededD.threatThree【2021届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模试题】出.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Earlydecision-youapplytooneschool,andadmission

22、isbinding(有法律约束力的-seemslikeagreatchoicefornervousapplicants.Schools41ahigherpercentageofearly-decisionapplicants,whicharguablymeansthatyouhaveabetterchanceofbeingenrolled.Andifyoudo,you'redonewiththewholepainfulprocessbyDecember.Butmoststudentsandparentsdon'trealizethatschoolshavehidden42for

23、offeringearlydecision.Earlydecision,sinceit'sbinding,allowsschoolstofilltheirclasseswithqualifiedstudents;itallows43committeestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknowthosestudentswillcome.Italsogivesschoolsahigheryieldrate优秀学生率,whichisoftenusedasoneofthewaysto44colleges

24、electivityandpopularity.Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectively45thewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.Under46admissions,seniorshaveuntilMay1tochoosewhichschooltoattend;earlydecisioneffectivelystealssixmonthsfromthem,monthsthatcouldbeusedtovisitmores

25、chools,domoreresearch,speaktocurrentstudentsandalumni校友andarguablymakeamore47decision.Thereare,frankly,anastonishingnumberofexceptionalcollegesinAmerica,andforanygivenstudent,thereareanumberofschoolsthatareagreat48.Whenstudentsbecometoofixated专注onaparticularschoolearlyintheadmissionsprocess,thatfixa

26、tioncanleadto49severedisappointmentiftheydon'tgetinor,iftheydo,thepossibilitythattheyarenowboundtogotoaschoolthat,giventimeforfurther50,maynotactuallyberightforthem.Earlydecisionoffersagenuineadmissionsedge,thatadvantagegoeslargelytostudentswhoalreadyhave51advantages.Thestudentswhouseearlydecisi

27、ontendtobethosewhohavereceivedhigher-qualitycollegeguidance,usuallyaresultofcomingfromamoreprivilegedbackground.52,there'sanargumentagainstearlydecision,asstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-how招生诀窍to53figureouttheoftenconfusingearlydeadlines.Studentswhohavedo

28、netheirresearchandareconfidentthatthere'soneschooltheywouldbethrilledtogetintoshould,underthecurrentsystem,probably54underearlydecision.Butforstudentswhohaven'tyetdoneenoughresearch,orwhoarestillconstantlychangingtheirmindsonfavoriteschools,theearly-decisionsystemneedlesslyandprematurely55th

29、efieldofpossibilityjustatatimewhenstudentsshouldbeopeningthemselvestoawholerangeofthrillingoptions.41.A.letinB. turndownC. makeupD. giveaway42.A.dangersB.costsC.assumptionsD.purposes43.A.admissionsB.jointC.inquiryD.investigative44.A.detailB.measureC.achieveD.represent45.A.neglectsB.providesC.shorten

30、sD.marks46.A.futureB.regularC.randomD.compulsory47.A.informedB.honouredC.imposedD.complicated48.A.fitB.aidC.hitD.net49.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.howeverD.furthermore50.A.commentB.enhancementC.implicationD.reflection51.A.mutualB.favouriteC.numerousD.temporary52.A.InotherwordsB.InthisregardC.Inparticula

31、rD.Inbrief53.A.hesitantlyB.relativelyC.deliberatelyD.efficiently54.A.consultB.volunteerC.adjustD.apply55.A.occupiesB.enclosesC.narrowsD.exploresFour【2021届上海市长宁区高三英语一模试题】一III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachb

32、lankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Marmosetmonkeysexistonabranchoftheevolutionarytreethatisdistinctfromtheonethatledtomans.Buttheyconstantlyastonishresearcherswith41behaviorthatseemsprettyhighlyevolved.Theirsocialorganizationand42practicescouldhavebeenthemodelforthephrase“Ittakesavillage.

33、"Adominantmaleandfemalebreed,andtheirbabiesarecarefullylookedafterbyextendedfamilymemberswhothenaren'tfreetobreedthemselves.Anewstudyfurther43themarmoset;puiareonforadmirablecommunityvalues.Researchersreportthatthesecaregiverssharetheirfoodmoregenerouslywithlittleones44thanwhenthey'resu

34、rroundedbythewatchfuleyesofothercommunitymembers.Incomplexsocietieswhereindividualsbandtogetherfor45protection,researchershavecomeupwithafewwidelyacceptedexplanationsforselflessbehavior.Butspecificacts,likesharingadeliciouscricket蟋蟀withabeggingbabymarmoset,seemtoneedmore46explanationOnepossibilityis

35、thatanindividualpractices47asameansofenhancinghisstatusamongpeers.By48thatheissowellgiftedwithmaterialgoodsthathecangivesomeaway,thisdo-gooderenhanceshispowerwithinthegroup.That,inturn,may49prospectivemates.Theotherexplanationforcharitablebehavior50thatkindnessesextendedtoothersaresimplythefeesofgro

36、upmembership,whichofferssomefuturepromiseofachancetomate.Failuretosharewouldresultinexclusionfromthegroupandalossof51partners.Scientistscallthisthe“paytostay“model.Importantly,forbothofthesemodelstowork,actsofkindnessmusthavean52.Thatsuggestsyouwouldseemoresharingingroupsettings;awayfromjudgingeyes,

37、acaregivermightbemorelikelytokeepfoodforhimselforherself.Andyet,in2,581testsconductedwith31adultand14babymarmosets,the53appearedtobetrueAnthropologists人类学家fromtheUniversityofZurichcarefullydocumentedhowoften,ingroupsandinconditionsthatfoundcaregiverandbabyseparatedfromthecrowd,anadultwouldsharehisor

38、hercricket.Whenalonewithababybeggingforataste,adultmarmosetssharedtheircricket85%ofthetime.Wheninagroup,caregiversoffereduptheircricket67%ofthetime."Ourresultsshowthathelpingincommonmarmosetsisnotdrivenbyreputationmanagementor54avoidance,“thestudyauthorsreportedRather,itisdrivenbyadeep-downmoti

39、vationtohelpthatismore55expressedwhenindividualsarealonewithyoung.41.A.animalB.carefulC.socialD.individual42.A.evolvingBcommunicatingCorganizingD.parenting43.AshinesBdamagesC.affectsDprotests44.A.atplayBinprivateC.onscheduleDbyaccident45.A.adequateBeffectiveC.continualD.mutual46.A.creativeBcomplexCs

40、pecificD.official47.A.generosityBwisdomCindependenceDgovernance48.A.promisingBdemonstratingC.pretendingD.explaining49.A.countonB.goafterC.appealtoD.benefitfrom50.A.assumesB.confirmsC.enhancesD.concludes51.A.regularB.dominantC.potentialD.previous52.A.atmosphereB.audienceC.feedbackD.judge53.A.statisti

41、csB.expectationC.argumentD.opposite54.A.responsibilityB.punishmentC.arrangementD.difficulty55.A.stronglyB.causallyC.delicatelyD.fearlesslyFive【2021届上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试题】一III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwit

42、hthewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Forcenturies,timewasmeasuredbythepositionofthesunwiththeuseofsundials.Noonwasrecognizedwhenthesunwasthehighestinthesky,andcitieswouldsettheirclockbythisapparent41time,eventhoughsomecitieswouldoftenbeonaslightlydifferenttime.DaylightSavingTime(DST),sometimescall

43、edsummertime,was42tomakebetteruseofdaylight.Thus,clocksaresetforwardonehourinthespringtomoveanhourofdaylightfromthemorningtotheeveningandthensetbackonehourinthefalltoreturnto43daylight.BenjaminFranklinfirstconceivedtheideaofdaylightsavingduringhistermasanAmericandelegateinParisin1784andwroteaboutit4

44、4inhisessay,“AnEconomicalProject."ItissaidthatFranklinawokeearlyonemorningandwassurprisedtoseethesunlightatsuchanhour.Alwaysthe45,Franklinbelievedthepracticeofmovingthetimecouldsaveontheuseofcandlelight,ascandleswereexpensiveatthetime.InEngland,builderWilliamWillett(1857-1915)becameastrongsuppo

45、rterforDaylightSavingTimeuponnoticingblinds(百叶窗)ofmanyhouseswere46onanearlysunnymorning.Willetbelievedeveryone,includinghimself,wouldappreciatelongerhoursoflightintheevenings.In1909,SirRobertPearce47abillintheHouseofCommonstomakeitobligatory(义务)to48theclocks.AbillwasdraftedandintroducedintoParliamen

46、tseveraltimesbutmetwithgreatopposition,mostlyfromfarmers.49,in1925,itwasdecidedthatsummertimeshouldbeginonthedayfollowingthethirdSaturdayinAprilandcloseafterthefirstSaturdayinOctober.TheU.S.CongresspassedtheStandardTimeActof1918toestablishstandardtimeand50andsetDaylightSavingTimeacrossthecontinent.T

47、hisactalsodevised(制定)fivetime_51_throughouttheUnitedStates:Eastern,Central,Mountain,Pacific,andAlaska.Thefirsttimezonewasseton“themeanastronomicaltimeofthefthedtygreeoflongitudewestfromGreenwich(England).In1919,thisactwasabandoned.PresidentRooseveltestablishedyear-roundDaylightSavingTime(alsocalledW

48、arTime)from1942-1945.However,afterthisperiod,eachstate52itsownDST,whichprovedtobe53totelevisionandradiobroadcastingandtransportation.In1966,PresidentLyndonJohnsoncreatedtheDepartmentofTransportationandsignedtheUniformTimeAct.Asaresult,theDepartmentofTransportationwasgiventheresponsibilityforthetimel

49、aws.Duringtheoilembargo(禁运)andenergycrisisofthe1970s,PresidentRichardNixon54DSTthroughtheDaylightSavingTimeEnergyActof1973toconserveenergyfurther.Thislawwas55in1986,andDaylightSavingTimewasresettobeginonthefirstSundayinApril(tospringahead)andendonthelastSundayinOctober(tofallback).41.A.popularB.sola

50、rC.particularD.singular42.A.employedB.evaluatedC.distributedD.contributed43.A.fruitfulB.fullC.beautifulD.normal44.A.negativelyB.alternativelyC.extensivelyD.aggressively45.A.journalistB.physicistC.chemistD.economist46.A.closedB.openedC.fixedD.installed47.A.introducedB.restrictedC.donatedD.deleted48.A

51、.stopB.adjustC.windD.mend49.A.PermanentlyB.EventuallyC.UnfortunatelyD.Theoretically50.A.reserveB.persevereC.preserveD.observe51.A.placesB.districtsC.zonesD.territories52.A.interruptedB.temptedC.importedD.adopted53.A.pleasingB.confusingC.convincingD.comforting54 .A.extendedB.affordedC.abandonedD.defe

52、nded55 .A.assembledB.combinedC.abusedD.modifiedSix【2021届上海市闵行区高三英语一模试题】出.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Aftermypubliclecturesonevolution,someoneintheaudienceask

53、s,Arewestillevolving?Peoplewanttoknowifhumansaregettingtaller,smarter,betterlookingormoreathletic.Myansweristruthfulbut41:We'realmostcertainlyevolving,butdon'tknowinwhat42orhowfast.Wdveseensomeevolutioninourspeciesoverthepastfewmillennia,butitwasdetectedbyreconstructinghistoryfromDNAsequence

54、s.Forexample,weknowthatduringthepast10,000years,severalpopulationsofhumans-thosekeepingsheep,cowsorgoatsformilk-gainedtheabilitytodigestdairyproducts.Thisqualitywas43uselessinourearlierancestorswho,afterbabyhood,neverencounteredmilk.Andinthepast3,000years,Tibetanshaveacquired44geneticadaptationsthat

55、allowedthemtodevelopwellintheirhigh-altitude,low-oxygenhome.Butthesewell-documentedchangesarelimitedtoparticularpopulations,sothe45evidenceforrecentevolutionofourentirespecies,remainsnotmuch.Theauthorsof“EvolvingOurselves46disagree.Notonly,theyclaim,areweevolvingfasterthanever,butwe'redoingittoo

56、urselves.JuanEnriquezandSteveGullansarguethathumanshave47controlledevolution-notjustinourownspeciesbutvirtuallyinallspecies:"Forbetterorworse,weareincreasinglyincharge.Wearetheprimarydriversof48change.Wewilldirectlyandindirectlydeterminewhatlives,whatdies,where,andwhen.Weareinadifferentphaseofe

57、volution:thefutureoflifeisnow49inourhands.Accordingtotheauthors,we'vereplacednaturalselectionwithwhattheycall50unnaturalselection."Overfishing,forexample,hasreducedtheaveragesizeofmanyfishspecies,fortakingthebiggestfishis51thosesmallerfishes.Yetwhilethere'snodoubtthatwe'rechangingtheplanet,theclaimthatwe'recompchangingevolutionontheplan