专业英语试卷-生物制药

1、生物与制药工程专业英语期末考试学院：姓名：班级：学号：题序一一三四五六七总分、TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(1) agrochemical农业化学的(2) cytotoxic细胞毒素的(3) pharmacognosy生药学(6) fluidisation流态化(7) periplasmic原生质外的(8) cardiovascular心血管的(4)toxicological(9)hepatic毒理学的肝脏的(5)bead(10)adaptability珠子，水珠适应性二、TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish(

2、D浓度(6)杂质impurity(2)中性neutrality(3)极易溶解verysoluble(4)定量分析quantitativeanalysis(5)等当点equivalentpointdiscriptionphamacologicalactionsgaschromatography(7)成分与性状(8)药理作用(9)气相色谱(10)离子色谱ionchromatographconcentration三、WordBuilding(答够十个得满分)antiantibioticantibiotic抗生素：抗菌的antifoam消泡齐Uantitussive上咳药antihistaminic抗

3、组月安剂antineoplastic抗肿瘤的antidepressant抗抑有B齐1antianginal抗心绞痛antibody抗体anticoagulant抗凝血齐Uantifoaming防沫的antifungal抗真菌的anti-infectives抗感染药物antioxidant抗氧齐1antithrombin抗凝血酶antitode解毒齐U等四、TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese(1) Biologistsandchemistsdividecompoundsintotwoprincipalclasses,inorganicandorga

4、nic.生物学家和化学家将化合物分为两类，无机和有机。(2) Simplysated,noorganismcansurvivewithoutwater.简单的来说，没有水就没有生命。(3) Wheninorganicsaltssuchassodiumchloride(NaCl)aredissolvedinwater,theyundergodissociation,orionization.当无机盐如氯化钠(NaCl)溶于水时，会发生离解或离子化。(4) Metforminisgivenbymouth,inaninitialdosageof500mgthreetimesdailyor850mgt

5、wicedailyandshouldbetakenwithmeals.口服给予二甲双月瓜，初始剂量为500mg每日3次，每次850mg每次两次，应随餐服用。(5) Thetermpharmacognosywasfirstusedbetween1811and1815,andoriginallyreferredto“materiamedica”,theknowledgeofdrugmaterialsorpharmacology.术语“生药学”一词在1811年至1815年间首次被使用，最初称为“药物”，药物材料或药理学知识。五、TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEn

6、glish(D称为酸碱的物质显示出相似的行为。Substancescalledacidsandbasesshowsimilarbehavior.(2)每个水分子能和周围的水分子形成四个氢键。Everywatermoleculeiscapableofformingfourhydrogenbondswithnearbywatermolecules.(3)如今，二十一世纪初，世界各地药学学术部门的人员热情地追求生药学教学和研究Today,atthebeginningofthe21stcentury,pharmacognosyteachingandresearchispursuedenthusiast

7、icallybyitsdisciplesinacademicdepartmentsofpharmacyallovertheworld.(4)手术前2?3天应停止二甲双胭治疗。Whenundergoingsurgery,metformintherapyshouldbediscontinued2-3daysbeforesurgery.(5)在检查实验中，对于具体尺寸或容器的类型或设备的规范性仅作为推荐使用。Aspecificationforadefinitesizeortypeofcontainerorapparatusinatestofassayisgivensolelyasarecommend

8、ation.六、TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese1 .Alllivingorganismsrequireawidevarietyofinorganiccompoundsforgrowth,repair,maintenance,andreproduction.Waterisoneofthemostimportant,aswellasoneofthemostabundant,ofthesecompounds,anditisparticularlyvitaltomicroorganisms.Outsidethecell,nutrientsaredis

9、solvedinwater,whichfacilitatestheirpassagethroughpassagethroughcellmembranes.所有生物体需要各种各样的无机化合物用于生长，修复，维护和繁殖。水是最重要的，也是最丰富的这些化合物之一，对微生物尤为重要。在细胞外，营养物质溶解在水中，这便于它们通过细胞膜通过。所有生物体需要各种各样的无机化合物用于生长，修复，维护和繁殖。水是最重要的，也是最丰富的这些化合物之一，对微生物尤为重要。在细胞外，营养物质溶解在水中，这便于它们通过细胞膜通过。2 .Waterhasstructuralandchemicalpropertiestha

10、tmakeitparticularlysuitableforitsroleinlivingcells.Aswediscussed,thetotalchargeonthewatermoleculeisneutral,buttheoxygenregionofthemoleculehasaslightlynegativechargeandthehydrogenregionhasaslightlypositivecharge.水具有结构和化学性质，使其特别适合其在活细胞中的作用。如我们所讨论的，水分子上的总电荷是中性的，但是分子的氧区具有轻微的负电荷，而氢区具有轻微的正电荷。3 .Wheninorga

11、nicsaltssuchassodiumchloride(NaCl)aredissolvedinwater,theyundergodissociation,orionization.Thatis,theybreakapartintoions.Substancescalledacidsandbasesshowsimilarbehavior.当无机盐如氯化钠(NaCl)溶解在水中时，会发生离解或离子化。也就是说，它们分裂成离子。称为酸碱的物质显示出类似的行为。4 .Dependingontheselectionofthein-vitroandin-vivobioassaysusedtomonito

12、rthecrudeextracts,chromatographicfractions,andpureisolatesofaplantorotherorganism,naturalproductsresearchcanbefocusedonaparticulartypeofdisease.Thus,thefollowingparagraphswillsummarizesomeoftheprogressmaderecentlyonthediscoveryofpotentialplant-derivedanticanceragentsandnaturallyoccurringcancerchemop

13、reventivesintwoseparatemultidisciplinarycollaborativeresearchprojectsattheUniversityofIllinoisatChicago.根据用于监测植物或其他生物体的粗提取物，层析组分和纯分离物的体外和体内生物测定的选择，天然产物研究可以集中在特定类型的疾病上。因此，以下段落将总结近期在芝加哥伊利诺伊大学的两个独立的多学科合作研究项目中发现潜在的植物衍生抗癌剂和天然存在的癌症化学预防药物的一些进展。5.Inarecentreviewarticle,Tylerhasoutlinedsomeofthescientificcha

14、llengesthatensuringthesafeandeffectiveuseofherbalremedieswillpresentthemanufacturesoftheseproducts,intermsofbioavailability,phytoequivalence,standardizationandotherqualitycontrol,andtheperformanceofproperlydesignedclinicaltrailsleadingtotheintroductionofnewphytomedicines.IntheUS,thepassageoftheDieta

15、rySupplementHealthandEducationActin1994ledtothecategorizationofherbalmedicinesas“dietarysupplementsfor“healthmaintenance”,andhealthfoodstores.在最近的一篇综述文章中，泰勒概述了确保安全有效地使用草药的一些科学挑战，将在生物利用度，植物等效性，标准化和其他质量控制方面呈现这些产品的制造商，以及正确的表现设计临床路径引入新的植物药物。在美国，1994年通过了“膳食补充剂健康与教育法”，将草药分类为“健康维护”的“膳食补充剂”和保健食品商店。七、Writing

16、翻译摘要（正确翻译五句话即得满分）：Abstract:Thetermpharmacognosyasaconstituentscientificdisciplineofpharmacyhasbeeninusefornearly200years,anditreferstostudiesonnaturalproductdrugs.Duringthelasthalfofthe20thcentury,pharmacognosyevolvedfrombeingadescriptivebotanicalsubjecttoonehavingamorechemicalandbiologicalfocus.Att

17、hebeginningofthe21thcentury,pharmacognosyteachinginacademicpharmacyinstitutionshasbeengivennewrelevance,asaresultoftheexplosivegrowthintheuseofherbalremedies(phytomedicines)inmodernpharmacypractice,particularlyinwesternEuropeandNorthAmerica.Inturn,pharmacognosyresearchareasarecontinuingtoexpand,andn

18、owincludeaspectsofcellandmolecularbiologyinrelationtonaturalproducts,ethnobotanyandphytotherapy,inadditiontothemoretraditionalanalyticalmethoddevelopmentandphytochemistry.Examplesareprovidedinthisreviewofpromisingbioactivecompoundsobtainedintwomultidisciplinarynaturalproductdrugdiscoveryprojects,aimedattheelucidationofnewplant-derivedcancerchemotherapeuticagentsandnovelcancerchemopreventives,respectively.Thesystematicstudyofherbal