选修六unit3知识点

1、U3(选修六)1.abuse   n. 滥用,妄用；虐待，辱骂 弊病，陋习 vt. 滥用,妄用,虐待e.g. He abused his power while in office.他在职时滥用权力。Those captives were physically abused.那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残drug abuse 滥用毒品child abuse 虐待儿童abuse ones position / power滥用职权/权利abuse a privilege滥用特权2. stress  1）n. 压力; 重音,重读 be under (the) stress

2、(of) 在压力下suffer from stress遭受压力The stresses and strains of modern life现代生活的压力和紧张. 强调, 重要性e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education.2）vt. 加压力于; 重读; 强调e.g. He stressed the importance of the task.3.ban   1）n.禁令,禁止    a ban on sth2）vt.禁止, 取

3、缔ban sb. from (doing) sth. 颁布禁令Put/impose a ban 颁发/解除禁令lift a ban确立禁令e.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.4. due to  归因于, 归功于e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。be due to do sth定于某时做某事e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow（可

4、以被caused by 所代替）The train is due in five minutes.(预定的，预期的）My rent isnt due till Wednesday.（到期的，立即支付的）In due course 在适当的时候after due consideration经适当考虑之后拓展：because of “由于”, 较口语化，只作状语owing to 较正式，须用逗号与主句隔开thanks to “多亏了” ，多用于正面的意义as a result of “因为”as a result 副短, “因此”therefore 副词, “因此”so并列连词, “因此”beca

5、use of ,due to , owing to , on account of和 thanks to 的用法比较 这一词都表示“由于”的意思，在使用时应该注意以下区别： 1because of意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。如：We must not get discouraged because of such a minor setback 我们决不可因为这样一个小小的挫折而灰心丧气。2owing to与because of一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语时修饰整个句子，可在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。如： T

6、hey decided to cancel the flight，owing to the storm 由于这场暴风雨，他们决定取消这个航班。 His death was owing to an accident他死于一场事故。3due to引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，一般不与其他成分隔开。不用于句首。如：This accident was due to（owing to）his careless driving这次车祸是由于他开车疏忽大意造成的。 He arrived late due to（owing to）the

7、 storm由于暴风雨他来晚了。 Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious consequences 由于疏忽大意造成的错误可能带来严重的后果。 4on account of与because of，owing to同义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，不作定语。如：He could not come on account of his illness他因病不能前来。 That was on account of lack of exercise那是由于缺乏锻炼。 5thanks to表示“幸亏，多亏”多用于表达正面意思，相当于感谢，在句中作状语

8、和表语。如：Thanks to your advice，much trouble was saved多亏你的建议，减少了许多麻烦。5.tough1）The wire 金属丝is tougher than that. (坚韧的，不易磨损的）2）You need to  be tough enough to survive 生存in the jungle.（坚忍不拔的，吃苦耐劳的）3） a tough criminal罪犯（粗暴的，凶暴的）4）tough measures to deal with terrorism恐怖主义（强硬的，严厉的）5）a tough assignme

9、nt 任务/ problem / choice（棘手的，困难的）6）a tough steak牛排（硬的，老的）6.fit1)V.1.The dress doesnt fit me.（适合）2.We cant fit any more chairs into the room.（容纳）3. be fitted with handles（安装）4. His ideas did not quite fit in with our aims. 他的想法和我们的目标不完全一致。 (与相一致，相协调）2)Adj.keep fit保持健康be fit for / to do对.合适The book is

10、fit (suitable) for children.The fresh air is fit to breath.反义词：unfit  be unfit for / to do区分fit , suit, matchThese shoes dont fit me. Have you got a larger size? 这鞋我穿不合适。你们有大点的吗？ That haircut suits you. 那种发型很适合你。The carpets should match the curtains. 地毯应该和窗帘相配。You cant match him in hi

11、s knowledge of wild plants. 在野生植物知识方面，你无法与他相比。 7. addicted adj. “对某某上瘾”, “沉湎于某某” e.g. My children have become      hopelessly addicted to television. 我的几个孩子都成了电视迷, 简直不可救药了。构词法：addict  n. 吸毒成瘾的人addiction  n.  沉湎、成瘾addictive adj.  使人上瘾的addict常用于下列结构：addict onese

12、lf to sth. 沉溺于某物be addicted to sth. 专心做某事;上了.的瘾be addicted to doing sth.Eg.The parents felt helpless when they found their son had _ drug for long.A. addicted     B. addicted to C. addicted himself D. been addicted toD8. accustom v.使人习惯于、养成习惯e.g. She found it necessary to accusto

13、m her child to getting up early. 她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯。常用句式：1) accustom+名词/oneself + to+名eg.Children are quick to accustom themselves to new surroundings.孩子们很快就会适应新环境。2) be accustomed to +名词e.g. I am accustomed to walking long distances.   我习惯与长距离步行。3) get/become/be accustomed to +名词

14、e.g. You will soon get accustomed to the job.  你将会习惯于这个工作。同义词组：be / get / become used to注意:在英语中, to有时为动词不定式符号, 后跟动词原形; 有时用作介词, 后跟名词、代词、或动名词。下面的这些短语中的to 均为介词。stick to   坚持      lead to  导致, 通向 pay a visit to 参观  sentence sb. to 宣判某人 com

15、e to  谈到, 涉及    see to  处理，负责      be up to 总计         devoteto 致力于             get down to 开始 /着手be opposed to / object to 反对 be devoted to  致力于

16、，献身于be attached to adjust (adapt) to be exposed to       look forward to pay attention to     attend to contribute to          turn to admit to when it comes to 9. withdraw v. withdrawal n.The general refused t

17、o withdraw his troops.（收回，撤回）She withdrew all her savings and left the country.（取钱，提款）10. quit v. 过去式和过去分词quit,现在分词quitting, +doing形式, 表“停止做” e.g. She quit smoking when she got pregnant.     她一怀孕就戒了烟。归类记忆:下列动词只能用-ing 形式作宾语admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny ,

18、forbid(禁止), fancy(想象), finish, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, prevent, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, imagine, postpone(推迟), practice, quit, resist(抵制), risk , suggest, tolerate, understandeg：I knew it was time to quit smoking.It is/was time (for sb) to do sth.ts time for us to s

19、tudy hard. 该是我们认真学习的时候了It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth.（should不可省）It is/was)the first (second) time that sb. have/has/had done sth.Its high time that we studied/should study hard. Its the first time that my classmates and I have got together. 昨天晚上是我们第一次同学聚会。11.do/does/did+动词原形，用于肯

20、定句和祈使句中，表示强调。（注意：只用于强调谓语动词。）I do hope so because I want you to liveDo be careful when crossing the street.He does speak English well.强调谓语以外的成分可使用：It is/was thatIt was when I was doing my homework that I saw him sleeping.It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class.12.neither/nor +be/助动词/情态动词, 表示否定的情况

21、so +be/助动词/情态动词，表示肯定的情况。She doesnt like English, neither do I.I have mastered the use of it, so have she.注意区分：so+主语+助动词-She finished all the homework yesterday.-So she did.-她昨天把所有的作业完成了。-她确实都完成了。13.decide v.决定1.decide+名词/代词The question will be decided by themselves.问题将由他们自己决定。2.decide to doLast week

22、, a group of Class 3 students decided to go to the museum. 3.decide+从句Let's first decide where we should go.(=Let's first decide where to go.)It is not decided whether we will go there.It is decided that.：It is decided that we should start tomorrow. （注：这种从句要用虚拟语气。） 4.跟介词短语(跟on或upon，表示“就某事做出决

23、定”)：Don't decide on important matters too quickly.重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。decision n. make a decision=determine to do / be determined to do=make up ones mind (s) to do14. feel like+doing 想要, 只表示一次的想法e.g. Its so hot today. I feel like going swimming. 今天好热啊, 我想去游泳。摸起来像, 像是e.g. The material feels like silk.丝

24、绸It feels like rain.15.every time 在此句中引导时间状语，表示“每次的时候”Every time I go to see her, she is always busy working. 每次我去看她，她总是忙于工作。下列用法均可做连词：the first time  第一次的时候the moment/minute/instant/immediately/instantly/directly 一.就.every time=each time 每次的时候last time 上次next time  下次by the time到为止I fell

25、in love with him the first time I saw him. 第一次见到他的时候，我就喜欢他了。The last time I saw her, she was working. 最后一次见到她的时候，她正在工作。I always go too see my best friend immediately we have a holiday. 一放假，我总是去看我最好的朋友。16.remind v. 提醒，使某人想起.remind sb of sthremind sb to toremind sb thate.g. The story reminded me

26、of an experience I once lived. You must remind him to take his medicine ,in case he forgets. Please remind me that I must return the book before noon.17.ashamed   adj. 羞辱，耻辱，尴尬e.g. She is ashamed to ask such a simple question.相关短语：be ashamed of sb./ sth     &#

27、160;            be ashamed that                  be ashamed to do                

28、;   What a shame! (pity) 多遗憾啊！ Its a shame (pity) that .真是遗憾18. in spite of   尽管, 虽然，不顾。后接名词（=despite)eg. She cant see very well in spite of her glasses. (despite)尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。Despite (In spite of) the fact that we tried our best, we didnt win.同义：regardless of 不管，不顾

29、，不理会He says what he thinks and does what he wants to do, regardless of other peoples feelings.The law says everyone is equal, regardless of age, sex, or religion.Though / Although / Even if Even though its hard work, I enjoy it.Young as / though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.19.

30、get into陷于, 染上什么习惯     get into the habit of 养成什么习惯（相当于fall into the habit of或者form the habit of）e.g. The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading. 那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。短语联想：get into trouble   惹上麻烦get into debt        负债累累get along / on withget away with 侥幸逃脱(惩罚get down    get in get through get off&#