高考英语语法填空技巧分类突破：介词

1、介词介词介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续两年的高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的两年的高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的,除此以外，介词还频繁出现在完型填空和除此以外，介词还频繁出现在完型填空和短文改错。涉及面较广，考察了学生的词短文改错。涉及面较广，考察了学生的词汇量和对介词的正确使用汇量和对介词的正确使用考点解密考点解密 介词介词 ( preposition )( preposition ) 一一 介词的分类与语法功能介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词，介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分，不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、必须与名词、代词（代词（ 或相当于名词的其

2、他词类、短语、或从句或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：介词分为： 简单介词简单介词: at 、 in 、 on 、for 、 to 合成介词合成介词: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout . 短语介词短语介词: according to 、 out of 、 because of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of 双重介词双重介词 ： from behind /above / under , until after 分词介词分词

3、介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by 1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast.2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time. 5.The professor will give us

4、a talk on how to study English well.总结总结 1：介词后常接：介词后常接 名词、代词、动名词名词、代词、动名词 、从句、从句、 不定式组成不定式组成介词短语介词短语。总结总结 2 : 介词短语在句子中可作表语、介词短语在句子中可作表语、 定语定语 、状语和、状语和宾补。宾补。This machine is in good condition .Where is the key to my bike ?Nothing in the world could live without air or water .She always thinks herself

5、above others二二. 介词搭配介词搭配动词动词 介词介词v rob sb of sth ( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc) v supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb ( provide / fill ) v make sth of / from / into v 介词介词 the + 人体部位人体部位 （strike / catch / hit/v prevent sb from doingv persuade sb into / out of doing s

6、th ( advise/ warn /reason)v buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose )v tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read)v give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand )v say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper)v 同一介词与不同动词同一介词与不同动词 （ to / for / at 同一动词与不同介词的搭配同一动词与不同介

7、词的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand 2. 形容词形容词 介词介词 afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good popular / pleased / known / familiar1. Im afraid _ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _ us . 2. Einstein was known _ his theory of relativity _ a famous physics scientis

8、t _ the world .3. He is angry _ what his e-pal has said for he is tired _ being laughed at by others .4. The boy is familiar _ the fiction because it is very popular _ teenagers so far . 3. 名词名词 介词介词 1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem . 2. The girl has a good way _ studying E

9、nglish . 3. The key _ success lies in diligence and wisdom .重点介词的用法归纳与辨析重点介词的用法归纳与辨析表示世纪、年、月、表示世纪、年、月、 季、周季、周 用用 in / during ,in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June2. 在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上在某一天或某天上、下午、晚上 、前夕、前夕 用用 on3. 在某一时刻、在某一时刻、 或某一点时间用或某一点时间用 at .till , until , to 的用法。的用法。1） till /

10、 until 与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂与延续动词连用，用于肯定句，与短暂 动词连用用在否定句（动词连用用在否定句（ 在句首、强调句在句首、强调句 不用不用till ).2) to 表终结常与表终结常与from 连用连用 from to from time to time from hand to hand from door to door from house to house from one + 名词名词 to another 表表 “依次依次” 名词名词 + by + 同一名词同一名词 one by one 5. in , after , later in + 一段时间一段时

11、间 . 常用常用 一般将来时。一般将来时。after + 一段时间一段时间 . 常用一般过去时。常用一般过去时。after + 点时间点时间 . 用各种时态。用各种时态。一段时间一段时间 later 过去时过去时6 . 地点介词地点介词 : at , on , in , to , off across , through over , under below , above to （ 静态静态 ）, towards ( 动态动态 ）,along7. 表示方式、手段、表示方式、手段、 工具工具 的介词的介词 by / through ( 表泛指表泛指 的方式、手段）的方式、手段） by (交通工

12、具类）交通工具类） by / with / in ( 方式、手段）方式、手段）1.The boy likes writing _ a pen and especially likes writing _ blue and black ink .2. He got full mark _ his own effort, he often contacts with his epals _ email .8. On 与与 about 区别区别简单区分：简单区分：about通俗大众；通俗大众；on学术学术【专业专业】性强性强on与与about 二者都是介词，意为二者都是介词，意为“关于，论及关于，论

13、及”等，一般情况下，二者可以互相替换，但二者有等，一般情况下，二者可以互相替换，但二者有点区别：点区别：about常用于简单的或浅显的论述等，是常用于简单的或浅显的论述等，是一般用语，多用于讲故事，谈话；思考等；一般用语，多用于讲故事，谈话；思考等； on多多用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等，具有学术性，用于系统论述或专题讲演、论著等，具有学术性，如：如：The teacher told us a story about Lei Feng. Its very moving. He will give us a talk on the history of the Party.他将给我们做个关于他

14、将给我们做个关于党史的报告。党史的报告。 注意注意:learn about,read about,quarrel about,hear about, story about 等短语一般涉等短语一般涉及知识的深度及知识的深度,所以不能用所以不能用on代替代替about。Were going to listen to a lecture African history this afternoonHe wrote the school.It is a book birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是可能是一本学术著作一本学术著作) It is a book birds.

15、 那是一本关于鸟类的书。那是一本关于鸟类的书。(可能是一可能是一本供小孩看的故事书本供小孩看的故事书) 9. 表表 “ 除除 之外之外 ” 的介词的介词 besides , but except ， except for , except that 注意：注意： 1） 前面有不定代词、前面有不定代词、 疑问代词时，多用疑问代词时，多用but All but one are here .Nobody but I likes literature .2） 后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用butHe has nothing to do but wait .3) 固定短

16、语固定短语 have no choice but to do sth （只得做某事）（只得做某事） can not but do sth cannot help but do sth (不得不）不得不） but for / but that（要不是）（要不是）10. between / among (三者以上）三者以上） 1） Mary is sitting _ Tom and wang Li.2） She was busy _ cooking , washing , sewing and looking after the baby .3）Shanghai is _the largest c

17、ities in the world .4） A horse can be seen _ trees now. 1. He didnt come to the meeting _ his illness . 2. The reason _ his being angry is that he lost his cell phone. 3. _ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up. 4. The accident is _ the drivers drinking . 10 表原因的介词：表原因的介词：for , because of ,

18、due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of 11. 不定式复合结构中的不定式复合结构中的 for , of 1）It is clever _ you to answer such a difficult answer.2）It is mean _ her to give me so little pocket money .3）It is quite impossible _ him to explain why . 4） It is hard _ you to learn a foreign language without pers

19、everance .12 . 兼类词兼类词 （ 兼作连词和副词）兼作连词和副词） after since till / until before . 介词介词 ( preposition )( preposition ) 一一 介词的分类与语法功能介词的分类与语法功能1.介词是虚词，介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分，不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、必须与名词、代词（代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。介词分为：介词分为： 简单介词简单介词: at 、 in 、 on 、f

20、or 、 to 合成介词合成介词: within 、 inside 、 onto、 throughout . 短语介词短语介词: according to 、 out of 、 because of、 by means of、 in spite of 、 instead of 双重介词双重介词 ： from behind /above / under , until after 分词介词分词介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by 1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the w

21、eather forecast.2. He quarrelled with her yesterday.3. He succeeded in passing the final examination .4. Im still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time. 5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well.1. 什么情况下可能是填介词？什么情况下可能是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点：我们首先必须知道两点：(1)介词介词必须要接宾语必须要接宾

22、语，其宾语可以是名词、，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者代词、动名词，或者what从句；从句；(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语动词的宾语、介词的宾语介词的宾语。因此，我们在解答语法填空时，因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是若空格后是名词、代词或动名词名词、代词或动名词时，且他们时，且他们不是不是在句中作在句中作主语，主语，也不是也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填很可能是填介词介词。解题技巧解题技巧2. 应该填哪个介词？应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的在判断可能填介词之后，要根

23、据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外，另外，以下几条思路对解题非常有用以下几条思路对解题非常有用：(1)由由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。来确定。2008年广东高考年广东高考36题，题，“感到累了感到累了”应当应当是是“干活一整天之后干活一整天之后”，故填，故填after。(2)由所处由所处句型的特殊需要句型的特殊需要来确定。来确定。如如2008年广年广东高考东高考31题，这是一个题，这是一个there be句型，该句型一句型，该句型一般是表示般是表

24、示“在某个地点存在某人或某物在某个地点存在某人或某物”；可见；可见 “_these proverbs”应当是表示地点的；应当是表示地点的；不难得知不难得知“有趣故事有趣故事”应当是在应当是在“这些成语的背这些成语的背后后”，故填，故填behind。(3)由由特殊的结构特殊的结构关系来确定。关系来确定。如能接复合宾语如能接复合宾语(宾语宾语+宾补宾补)的介词只能是的介词只能是with或或without。(4)考虑介词考虑介词(空格空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系搭配关系，或者介词，或者介词(空格空格)与后面名词之间的搭与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。配

25、关系来确定具体要填的介词。例例1Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _these proverbs there are often interesting stories. (广东广东)分析：因分析：因these proverbs是名词，且不是作主语、是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事故事”，表示，表示“在在

26、背后背后”，用介词，用介词behind。实例剖析实例剖析例例2He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示；另外，表示“因因而累而累”，be tired from也是固定短语，故也可填也是固定短语，故也可填from。例例3the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _a guest i

27、n their house.分析：句意是分析：句意是“把我们作为客人接待把我们作为客人接待”，表示，表示“当作，作为当作，作为”用介词用介词as。例例4I wanted to reward the old woman _the trouble I had caused her.分析：句意是分析：句意是“我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。的那个年迈的妇女。” 表示表示“因因而酬谢而酬谢/报答某人报答某人”，是，是reward sb. for sth.，即用，即用for引出原因，故填引出原因，故填for。 类似的表达还有类似的表达还有: thank sb. fo

28、r sth.; praise sb. for sth.; punish sb. for sth.等。等。考点击破考点击破一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽安徽)2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. (北京北京)3. A great man shows his greatness _

29、 the way he treats little men. (福建福建)4. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much. (福建福建)into by by with 5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. (辽宁辽宁)6. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to future success. (宁夏宁夏)7. Mo

30、dern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. (全国全国)8. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东山东)to as about at9. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. (陕西陕西)10. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ th

31、e weather. (浙江浙江)11. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. (北京北京)12. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. (福建福建) beyond for against for 13. _ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear

32、our own heartbeats. (湖南湖南)14. Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (江西江西)15. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西江西)16. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全国全国I)In of on for for

33、 17. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.(全国全国II)18. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves. (四川四川)19. The open-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. (浙江浙江)20. Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visitin

34、g hours. (福建福建)21. Its quite_ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽安徽)besides between of beyond beyond 22. Its a top secret.Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me.(上海上海)23. People have always been curious _ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁辽宁)24. After the eart

35、hquake, the injured were cared _ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西江西)25. I would like a job which pays more, but _ the other hand I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. (浙江浙江)between about for on 26. More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis

36、 nowadays. (上海上海)27. Leave your key with a neighbor _ case you lock yourself out one day. (北京北京)28. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ which there wont be much work. (上海上海)29. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ which New York is an example. (四川四川)of in without of 30. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _which appeare