北京聚智堂培训学校高中英语Unit3动词的时态与语态

1、动词的时态与语态教学目的1、学习并掌握动词的时态的用法。2、在句中如何选择正确的动词的时态。教学内容1.复习初中所学的时态。2.掌握现在进行时表将来时的用法。1. 一般现在时的用法1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every,sometimes,at，2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。Ihomeforschoolat7everymorning.每天早上我七点离开家。Theeartharoundthesun.地球绕太阳转动。2. 一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：justnow,yesterday,lastweek

2、,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。例如：Whereyougojustnow?刚才你上哪儿去了？-Yourphonenumberagain?Iquitecatchit.-Its69568442.A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIachild,Ioftenfootballinthestreet.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）句型：Itistimethatsb.didsth.=Itistimeforsb.todosth到时间了该了。Itistimeforyoutogotobed.=I

3、tistimeyoutobed.你早该睡觉了。4) would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示宁愿某人现在或将来做某事。Idratheryoutomorrow.还是明天来吧。5) usedto+do:过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：Motherusednottobesoforgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。3. 一般将来时1) will表现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势。Tomwillcomebacktomorrow.Fishwilldiewithoutwater.2) begoingto+动词原形，表示;。a. 。例如：

4、Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?明天打算作什么呢？b. 。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。这出戏下月开播。c. 。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)betodo表将来按计划或正式安排将发生的事表示“注定要发生”表示说话人的意图、职责、义务、命令等情态意义。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。Theexperiencewastochangeherlife.这次经历必会改变她的生。Wearetofinish

5、theworkbeforefivethisafternoon.我们预定今天下午五点前完成任务。4 .beabouttodosth.,意为马上做某事，不与tomorrow,nextweek等表示具体的时间状语连用，但可与when从句连用。例如：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去北京。Iwasabouttogooutwhenthephonerang.5 )一般现在时表将来例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.火车明天上午六点开。Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟

6、后。在时间或条件句中。遵循WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.比尔来后，让他等我。IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我至U了那里，就写信给你。6)用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：Imleavingtomorrow.明天我要走了。Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你会在这儿呆到下周吗？4 .现在进行时am/is/aredoing现在正在发生的动作。-Haveyoumovedinto

7、thenewhouse?-Notyet,theroomsarebeingpainted.现在进行时与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.5 .过去进行时was/weredoing1) Maryadresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.was-makingD.makes2) Asshethenewspaper,Grannyasleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.w

8、asreading；wasfallingD.read;fell3) weclasswhensuddenlysomeoneknockedatthedoor.A.werehavingB.hadbedoing.when.6 .将来进行时willbedoingBythistimetomorrow,Illbelyingonthebeach.明天此时，我正躺在海滩上呢。Exercises:1. Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespearehischaracterslivethroughtheirlanguageinhisplays.A.willmakeB.hadmade

9、C.wasmakingD.makes2. Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport.andIwanttolisten.A.isbroadcastB.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast3. Thefoodhereisniceenough.-Myfriendmearightplace.A.introducesB.introducedC.hadintroducedD.wasintroducing4. Atpresent,oneoftheapartmentsinfavorofthenewai

10、rportthatitwillbringalotjobstothearea.A. isB.areC.willbeD.were5. Thechurchtowerwhichwillbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored6. -Doyouwantalifthome?-Itsverykindofyou,butIhaveamuchlateintheoffice.Ioversleptthismorningbecausemymorning

11、clock.A.doesntgooffB.wontgoneC.wasntgoingoffD.didntgoon7. Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdontknowexactlyhowit.A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hashappened8. Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto9. Whydontwechoosethatroadtosaveti

12、me?Thebridgetoit.A.hasrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired10.一YouspeakverygoodFrench!Thanks.IFrenchinSichuanUniversityforfouryears.A.studiedB.studyC.wasstudyingD.hadstudied11.Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?Itsfantastic.TheonlypityisthatIthebeginningofit.A MissedB. had missed12. - I ve got

13、 to go now. Must you? I you couldA. thinkB. thoughtC. missD. would misssta y for dinner with us.C. havethoughtD. amthinking13. -Hi,Terry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?-Sorry.A.ItsrepairedB.IthasbeenrepairedC.ItsbeingrepairedD.Ithadbeenrepaired14. -Annisinhospital.-Oh,really?I_know.I_goan

14、dvisither.A.didnt;amgoingtoB.dont;wouldC.dont;willD.didnt;will15. Everyfewyears,thecoalworkerstheirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad7.现在完成时1)一个动作，开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。用现在完成时的时间状语有lately,recently,inthepast/lastfewdays/years,sincethen,uptonow,sofar等。Hehasbeenbusywriti

15、ngabookrecently.2)一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响。说话人侧重产生的影响。常用的状语有already,just(刚刚)，yet等Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.(Iknowthefilmnow.)3)ItisthefirsttimethatIthecity.这是我第一次访问这城市。ThisisthebestfilmthatI.这是我看过的最好的电影。4)Ihavelearnt3000wordsbynow.典型例题IheresinceIwasborn.我从出生起就住在这儿了。IttwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent

16、.我考上研究生有两年了。Youdontneedtodescribeher.Iherseveraltimes.(meet)-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.Ihereonlyafewminutes.(be)8.过去完成时1)概念：表示过去的过去-111-其构成是had+过去分词构成。过去的过去过去现在Shesaid(that)shetoParis.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。Whenthepolicearrived,thethievesaway.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguestswhenhea

17、rrivedattheparty.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。2) 特殊句式1.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadheardhimsing.2. By+过去的时间点，句子用时。Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisontomakealivingbyhimself.开始自己谋生。3. Hardly/nosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.4. Itwas/hadbeentenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.ThestudentsbusilywhenMis

18、sBrownwenttogetabooksheintheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftB,werewriting,hasleftC.hadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft过去完成时的被动结构9 .将来完成时willhavedone表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用时间状语为by+将来时间点Theymarriedfor20yearsbythen.到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。YouShanghaibythistimetomorrow.明天此时，你已经到达上海了。将来完成时的被动结构10 .n完成进行时has/havebeendoin

19、g表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。HehasbeenlearningEnglishfor6years.(强调现在还在学)Ithasbeenrainingfor3days.(强调说话者抱怨的感情色彩)1. -WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?-Becauselargequantitiesofwater.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted2. Hissisterlefthomein1998,andsince.A.hadnotbeenheardofB.has

20、notbeenheardofC.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof3. ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitiesrisingsteadilysince1990.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen4. Thisisthefirsttimethatweafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen5. Marywenttotheboxofficeatlunchtime,butalltheticketsout.

21、A.wouldsellB.hadsoldC.havesoldD.wasselling6. Shestaredatthepainting,wonderingwheresheit.A.sawB.hasseenC.seesD.hadseen7. Progresssofarverygoodandwearesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.A.wasB.hadbeenC.hasbeenD.willbe8. ThepopulationofJiangsutomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74m

22、illion.theirA.hasgrownB.havegrownC.grewD.aregrowing9. EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobstheybeforeleavinghometowns.A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised10. 一Guesswhat,wevegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.-Hownice!Youadifferentculturethen.

23、A.willbeexperiencingB.haveexperiencedC.havebeenexperiencingD.willhaveexperienced11. Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?-No,Ithebook,soIalreadyknewthestory?A.wasreadingB.hadreadC.amreadingD.haveread12. Wevespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.-well,itisntsurprising.OurfriendandrelativesaroundallthetimeA.areco

24、mingB.hadcomeC.werecomingD.havebeencoming13. Thiscoastalareaanationalwildlifereservelastyear.A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.names14. Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeoneit.Wasityou?A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo15. Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeopleallkindsoffruitsandvegetables.Istudied

25、thepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.A.sellB.weresellingC.hadsoldD.havesold选我所爱1. Iwasntsureifhewasreallyinterestedorifhepolite.A.wasjustbeingB.willjustbeC.hadjustbeenD.wouldjustbe2. WhenAlicecameto,shedidnotknowhowlongshethere.A.hadbeenlyingB.hasbeenlyingC.waslyingD.haslain3. Experimentsofthiskin

26、dinboththeU.S.andEuropewellbeforetheSecondWorldWar.A.haveconductedB.havebeenconductedC.hadconductedD.hadbeenconducted4. Tominthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.A.worksB.workedC.hasbeenworkingD.hadbeenworking5. -BobhasgonetoCalifornia.-Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe?A.hasleftB.leftC.isleavingD.wouldle

27、aving6. -Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.-Yeah,itusawholeweektogetthere.A.takesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking7. Aftergettinglostinastorm,amemberofthenavyteamfourdayslater.A.rescuedB.wasrescuedC.hasrescuedD.hadbeenrescued8. Didyoupredictthatmanystudentsupforthedancecompetition?A.wouldsignB.signedC.havesignedD

28、.hadsigned9. WhenIgotonthebus,IIhadleftmywalletathome.A.wasrealizingB.realizedC.haverealizedD.wouldrealize10. Shewassurprisedtofindthefridgeempty;thechildeverything!A.hadbeeneatingB.hadeatenC.haveeatenD.havebeeneating11. Wearrivedatworkinthemorningandfoundthatsomebodyintotheofficeduringthenight.A.br

29、okeB.hadbrokenC.hasbrokenD.wasbreaking12. Ihearyouinapub.Whatsitlike?Well,itsveryhardworkandImalwaystired,butIdontmind.A.areworkingB.willworkC.wereworkingD.willbeworking13. Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplacesthatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.A.suggestB.s

30、uggestsC.suggestedD.suggesting14. Tommyisplanningtobuyacar.一Iknow.Bynextmonth,heenoughforausedone.A.savesB.savedC.willsaveD.willhavesaved15. Ididntaskforthenamelist.Whyonmydesk?Iputittherejustnowincaseyouneededit.A.doesitlandB.hasitlandedC.willitlandD.haditlanded修修补补Tocelebratetheendofourexams,myfri

31、endsandIwenttoafastfoodrestaurant.We16hamburgersandCocaColaratthecounter.Whenour_17came,Istartedwalkingtowardsanemptytable.Bybadluck,mypursestrap（带子）got18onachairandthetray（托盘）thatIwasholdingslipped19myhandsandwentflyingintheair.Thetray,anditscontents,20onamanwhowasjustaboutto21abiteofhissandwich.Is

32、tared,greatly22,asthedrinkssoaked（浸湿）hiswhiteshirt.ThenI23myeyesandpreparedmyselfforhisburstof24.Instead,hesaidItsOKto25_mebeforehedisappearedintowashroom.Stillshakyandunsure26todonext,myfriendsandIwenttoatableandsatthere,tryingourbesttolook27.Amomentlater,themancameoutofthewashroomand28ourtable.Myh

33、eartalmoststopped29.Ithoughthewasgoingtoaskformyfathers30andcallhim.Tomysurprise,hemerelysmiledatus,handedussomecashandsaid,31yourselfnewhamburgers.”Hethenwalked32withoutevenfinishinghisfood.Hecouldhavemadewhatwasalreadyanuncomfortablesituationworse,33hechoseadifferentwayandgaveusareasontobelievetha

34、tthereisstill34inthisworld.Illnever35hisactions.16.A.orderedB.madeC.arrangedD.demanded17.A.foodB.turnC.billD.menu22.A.discouragedB.disappointedC.shockedD.annoyed23.A.rolledB.rubbedC.narrowedD.closed24.A.bitternessB.anxietyC.angerD.sorrow25.A.satisfyB.comfortC.encourageD.praise26.A.howB.whoC.whatD.wh

35、ich27.A.mildB.honestC.calmD.modest28.A.pushedB.approachedC.drewD.laid29.A.beatingB.breakingC.sinkingD.trembling30.A.helpB.positionC.numberD.job31.A.PrepareB.BuyC.FindD.Cook32.A.onB.aroundC.upD.,away33.A.soB.sinceC.althoughD.but18. A. fixed B. caught19. A. by B. in20. A. knocked B. fell21. A. take B.

36、 tasteC. cut D. tiedC. from D. outC. stoodD. hungC. swallowD. chewbrightness34. A.kindnessB.happinessC.politenessD.35. A.forgetB.refuseC.opposeD.ignore哈皮阅读IfyouwanttobecomeafluentEnglishspeakeryoushouldtakesomeadvice:TherearefourskillsinlearningEnglish.Theyarereading,listening,speaking,andwriting.Th

37、emostimportantthingyoumustrememberisthatifyouwanttoimproveyourspeakingandwritingskillsyoushouldfirstmastertheskillsofreadingandlistening.Readasmuchasyoucan,butyourreadingmustbeactive.Itmeansthatyoumustthinkaboutthemeaningofthesentence,themeaningoftheunfamiliarwords,etc.Thereisnoneedforyoutopaymuchat

38、tentiontogrammarsortrytounderstandalltheunfamiliarwordsyoucomeacross,butthefactthatyouseethemforthefirsttimeandrecognizethemwheneveryouseethem,forexampleinotherpassagesorbooks,isenough.Itwouldbebettertoprepareyourselfanotebooksoyoucanwritedowntheimportantwordsorsentencesinit.Asforlistening,therearet

39、wochoices:besidesreading,youcanlisteneverydayforabout30minutes.Youcanonlypayattentiontoyourreadingandbecomeskillfulatyourreading,thenyoucancatchuponyourlistening.Sinceyouhavelotsofinputsinyourmind,youcaneasilyguesswhatthespeakerisgoingtosay.Thisnevermeansthatyoushouldnotpracticelistening.Forlistenin

40、gyoucanlistentocartoonsorsomemoviesthatarespeciallymadeforchildren.Theirlanguagesareeasy.OrifyouaregoodatlisteningyoucanlistentoVOAorBBCprogramseveryday.Againthethingtorememberisbeingactiveinlisteningandpreferablytakingsomenotes.Ifyoufollowthesepiecesofadvice,yourspeakingandwritingwillimproveautomat

41、ically,andyoucanbesurethatwithalittleefforttheywillbecomeperfect.1. Accordingtotheauthor,whichshouldyouimprovefirstamongthefourskills?A.Readingandlistening.B.Readingandwriting.C.Writingandspeaking.D.Speakingandlistening.2. Toimproveyourreading,whenyoureadyoushould.A.lookupallthenewwordsinthedictiona

42、ryB.thinkaboutwhatyouarereadingactivelyC.spendmoretimestudyinggrammarsD.copyasmanywordsandsentencesaspossible3. Theunderlinedphrase“comeacross“inParagraph2canprobablybereplacedbe”.A.meetbyaccidentB.discoverC.findonpurposeD.lookfor4. Thepassageismainlyabouthowto.A.choosesuitablelisteningmaterialsB.dealwithnewwordsinreadingC.improveyourEnglishasquicklyaspossibleD.becomefluentinspeakingandwritingEnglish1.装满吻的盒子aBoxFullofKissesThestorygoesthatsometimeago,amanpunishedhis3-year-olddaughterforwastingarollofgoldwrappingpaper.Moneywastightandhe