grammarpassivevoice

1、GrammarPassive Voice一、复习被动语态一、复习被动语态(Revise the Passive Voice)英语动词有英语动词有主动语态主动语态 （the active voice）和和被动语态被动语态（the passive voice）两种形式。）两种形式。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者; 被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：被语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Everyone enjoys exciting sports. (主动语态主动语态) Exciting sports are enjoyed by everyone.(被动语态被动语态)M

2、usic is being taught ( by Miss Li ) now.转换规则：转换规则：用公式表示为用公式表示为:(主动主动) S+V+O S(O)+V(be+ V-ed)+ by+O(S), 如：如：Miss Li is teaching music now. 时时式式二、常见主被动时态变化一览表二、常见主被动时态变化一览表am/is/are being givenhas/have been givenwas/were being givenhad been givenshall/will have been given1. English is spoken all over

3、the world.2. The water is being turned into vapour.3. Those rooms have not been cleaned yet.4. He was seen to enter the room.5. At that time they were being shown how to run the machine.6. Radios had just been invented then, and people were talking about sending pictures by electricity.7. Madame Cur

4、ie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium.8. Before you come back, the building will have been finished.不定式被动式的用法不定式被动式的用法:不定式与其逻辑主语之间是不定式与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时被动关系时,要用要用不定式的被动式。不定式的不定式的被动式。不定式的一般被动式一般被动式即即表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者,又表示又表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生其动作与谓语动词的动作同时

5、发生或在其后发生;不定式的不定式的完成被动式完成被动式即即表示其逻辑主语是不定式表示其逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者，又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作的承受者，又表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。动作之前。e.g. He ordered the bridge to be built within the month.他命令在月内建成这座桥。他命令在月内建成这座桥。(一般被动式一般被动式)She was glad to have been given so much help.得到如此多的帮助得到如此多的帮助, 她很高兴。她很高兴。(完成被动式完成被动式)三三. 动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览

6、表动词不定式的主动被动结构变化一览表to be doneto have been done The meeting to be held is of great importance.(2) The bridge to be built next year is just between the one built last year and the one being built now. (3) This house seems to have been built by a good architect.More examples:通常在通常在believe, suppose, say,

7、 report等动词构成等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：被动语态和动词不定式的转换。如：They say that Mike is sick in bed.It is said that Mike is sick in bed.Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.It is believed that he was killed.He is believed to have been

8、 killed.大家相信他被杀了。大家相信他被杀了。13当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。一、一、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法:1. 作主语：作主语： It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.2. 作宾语：作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3. 构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed

9、at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.144. 构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语： The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5. 作定语：作定语： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6. 作状语：作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work.15二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式二、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式,

10、在句中作在句中作主语、宾语、定语主语、宾语、定语, 或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等。It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. (主语主语)She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语宾语)He thought it an honor to have been invited to the party. (复合宾语复合宾语)The book is said to have been translated into many language

11、s. (复合谓语复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. (定语定语)16三、不定式的主动形式表示被动三、不定式的主动形式表示被动 在在 there be 结构中。结构中。例如：例如：There is a lot of homework to do. (也可用也可用to be done)There is no time to lose (to be lost).2. 在在“npron + be + adj + to do”结构中。结构中。 常用的形容词有常用的形容词有easy, difficult, ha

12、rd, impossible, nice, pleasant, light, heavy, fit, interesting, important, expensive, cheap, dangerous 等。等。如：如：He is hard to convince. He is an impossible person to work with173. 在在“tooto do; enoughto”结构中。结构中。如：如： The problem is too difficult to work out/ (to be worked out) The house is big enough t

13、o live in.4. 在在“with+n+to do”结构中。结构中。例如：例如： With nothing to do, he lay in bed With so many exercises to do, I cant go to the cinema185. 当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。如：如：I have a letter to type today(I是是to type的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)Do you have anything to say? (you是是to say的逻辑主语的逻辑主语)6. 当不定式隐含在当不定式隐含在 for sb

14、to do结构中时。结构中时。例如：例如：This is the best book to read (=for usyou to read)The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有动词有 let (出租出租), rent, hire, blame 等。等。例如：例如：The house is to letI felt l was to blame.19NOTICE动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动动

15、词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍语态形式的使用普遍, 有时有时(尤其在口语中尤其在口语中)虽然意思上是被动的虽然意思上是被动的, 也往往用主动语态也往往用主动语态形式来表示。形式来表示。 I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time.20 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99) A. not make B. not to make C. no

16、t making D. do not make 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. (MET2000) A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 3. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couples but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (MET2001) A. to see B. to be seen C.

17、 seeing D. seen不定式与高考题不定式与高考题B B B 214. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET1993) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented5. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (MET2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C

18、. heavy too much D. too heavy muchC A 226. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (MET95)A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to7. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. (1999上海高考上海高考) A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. fo

19、r choosingA B 238. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考) A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 9. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (2002年上海春季高考年上海春季高考) A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being sett

20、ledA C 2410. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. (2003上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing11. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies a

21、re trying _ their products more competitive. (2002上海春季高考上海春季高考) A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having madeB A 2512. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. (2003北京春季高考北京春季高考) A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make13. All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Chri

22、stmas. (05年辽宁卷年辽宁卷) A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receivingD C 2614. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone15. Robert is said _ abroad, but

23、I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be study D. to have been studying16. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. what to do with it B. what to do it with C. what to do with D. to do what with itD A A 2717. Quite a few people

24、 used to believe that disaster _ if a mirror was broken. A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike18. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing19. She reached the top of the hill and

25、stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. restD A C 2820. Last summer I took a course on _. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made21. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to

26、eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat22. The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (04) A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have causedA C C 23. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to be a rule _. A. to never break

27、 B. never to be broken C. never to have broken D. never to be breaking24. The tools in the workshop are not allowed _. A. taking out B. to take out C. to be taken out D. being taken outB C 25. The dam _ by the year 2012, will benefit the whole country. A. being completed B. to complete C. completed

28、D. to be completed26. Here we found little snow, as most of it seemed _ blown off the mountain. A. to have been B. to be C. that it was D. that it had beenD A 27. He said such a thing ought _ to happen. A. to be not allowed B. not to be allowing C. not to have allowed D. not to be allowed28. She tol

29、d me that her proposal needed _ into consideration. A. to take B. to be taken C. to be taking D. to have takenD B 29. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Adm became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set u

30、pC 30. Large sums of money _ each year in painting the steelwork of bridges, ships, and other exposed structures. A. have spent B. have to be spent C. have to spend D. spendB 1. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed高考链接高考链接C 2. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (07江西卷江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained3. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to st