高中英语阅读理解解题方略

1、清原高中高二外语“做探点练”导学案 阅读理解专练 4月26日导学案内容 阅读理解突破(三) 推理判断题1推理判断题的提问方式(1)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that_.(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?(3)In which of the following publications (出版物) would this passage most likely be printed?(4)The passag

2、e implies,but doesnt directly state that_.(5)The writer suggests that_.(6)The author probably feels that_.(7)The author uses the example of.to show that_.(8)Whats the authors attitude toward.?2推理判断题的解题策略(1)严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行推理,千万不要掺杂自己的主观想法或经验。(2)如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单重复,那它就不是推论,也就不是正确答案。(3)如果某选项所表达的内容与经验

3、相吻合,文中却没有涉及,那它属于主观臆断的结论,也不是正确答案。(4)如果某个选项所表达的内容虽在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正确答案。(5)文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,这有助于我们确定正确答案。(6)注意作者在文章中的措辞,比如作者在形容词前用了too,excessively,rather等,则常带有否定的口气。(7)某些过渡词如however,but,on the contrary,what is more等后面所表达的内容往往能反映作者的观点和态度。3推理判断题类型及应对措施(1)数据推理解答此类题,关键是要善

4、于捕捉有关数字信息,然后在透彻理解原文的字面意思和题意的基础上,运用自己的数学知识,对其进行分析、推理,从而得出正确答案。(2)知识推理知识推理题是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。解答此类题,不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础知识,而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充分的理解。(3)逻辑推理逻辑结论是指严格根据文章所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理,从而得出合乎逻辑的结论,而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内容。解答这类题的前提是首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实,然后按题意的要求进行推断。

5、1Most children,even the youngest children,are delighted to be around cats and dogs.But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens (过敏原),prompting researchers to ask：Are cats and dogs really safe for children?A study finds that,contrary to many parents fears,owning cats or dogs does not increase

6、a childs risk of developing allergies,and in fact,may actually protect them.The studys lead author,Dr. Dennis Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia,said that even he was “very surprised” by the results.Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7,comparing those ex

7、posed to cats and dogs during their first years of life to those who were not.By using skin­prick tests for detecting common allergies,the researchers found that,contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years,children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.Even more remarkab

8、le,children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction,up to 77 percent,in risk of allergies.Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats.Exposing young children to these bacteria helps “exerc

9、ise” their immune systems early in life so that theyre better able to resist allergic diseases later.“Theres something very important in the first years of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response,”said Dr. William Davis.And while researchers ar

10、e not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a childs allergy risk,they say if a family already has one or more animals,theres no need to get rid of them.1Why do the researchers feel “very surprised” by the results of the study?ABecause the results are contrary to their expectation.B

11、Because so many children are playing with cats and dogs.CBecause parents are so much worried about their children.DBecause children with animals may develop allergies easily.2Compared with children who have pets,those who havent_.Awill lose the chance to develop immune systemBmay suffer allergic dis

12、eases more oftenCwill reduce the harm from bacteriaDcan keep doctors away3It can be inferred from the passage that_.Apets are ill­treated by their ownersBless families would like to own cats and dogsCkeeping pets is a good way to keep children healthyDthe results of the study can make families

13、with pets feel at ease2(2009·全国,C)We have met the enemy,and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkey­pox,a disease usually found in the African rain forest,suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest,its hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals

14、is homing in on human beings.“Most of the infections(感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals,”says Stephen Morse,director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.Its not just that were going to where the animals are；were also bringing them closer to u

15、s.Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country.A strange illness killed Isaksens pets,and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea.“I dont think its fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them,”says Isaksen.“Laws allowing these anima

16、ls to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,”says Peter Schantz.Monkey­pox may be the wake­up call.Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners.We know very little about these new diseases.A new bug(病菌) may be kind at first.But it may d

17、evelop into something harmful(有害的)Monkey­pox doesnt look like a major infectious disease.But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person.1We learn from Paragraph 1 that the pet sold at the shop may _.Acome from ColumbiaBprevent us from being infectedCenjoy being with children

18、Dsuffer from monkey­pox2Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?AThey attack human beings.BWe need to study native animals.CThey cant live out of the rain forest.DWe do not know much about them yet.3What does the phrase “the wake­up call” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?Aa

19、 new diseaseBa clear warningCa dangerous animalDa morning call4The text suggests that in the future we _.Amay have to fight against more new diseasesBmay easily get infected by diseases from dogsCshould not be allowed to have petsDshould stop buying pets from Africa3The China Daily newspaper group i

20、s looking for English­language senior business editors,senior copy editors,copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team.We offer a competitive salary package,free accommodation with utilities paid for,90 per cent medical reimbursement,a seven­day paid leave,eleve

21、n­day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.Senior Business EditorYou must：assist the business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them；be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and men

22、tor junior staff；ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails；have had at least five years editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.Senior Copy EditorYou must：work on shifts in th

23、e Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions；have had at least two years editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.Copy EditorYou must：be good at editing or rewriti

24、ng copy and writing snappy headlines and captions；be able to work on shifts for different pages,and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；have two years of editing experience working on copy desks,and be familiar with industry software.Graphic DesignerYou must：have excellent sk

25、ills in information graphics；be good at illustrations and freehand drawings；be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts；have a good sense of typography；have good news judgment；be well­versed with Macintosh software,including InDesign,Illustrator and Photoshop；be fluent in English.For enquir

26、ies or to apply,write to job .1What is the purpose of this passage?ATo describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group.BTo describe the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper group.CTo advertise for recruiting some good employees.DTo tell you how to become part of this group.edito

27、rs and graphic designers 4个岗位上的员工。由此可以判断,答案是C项。2What is not required about Graphic Designer?ABe well­versed with Photoshop.BHave excellent skills in information graphics.CHaving a good sense of typography.DWriting snappy headlines and captions.3How many positions need editing experience?A2. B1.

28、 C3. D4.4Which can be the title of the advertisement?AChina Daily：New Employees WantedBChina Daily：NewspaperCChina Daily：An International TeamDChina Daily：The Best Working Condition5Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AFree accommodations are available to the workers.BThe workers

29、 there can enjoy a seven­day leave without pay.CThe employees have the right to enjoy eleven­day public holidays.DThe senior business editors only job is to help the business editor to set goals.准确率：我的疑问：学习体会：教案内容（1）1答案A解析此题较易,文中第二段中的“contrary to many parents fears”为关键词语,反映出结果与第一段中人们的一般认识相

30、反,因此研究者感到惊奇,故选A项；选D的原因是因为根本就没有读懂文章,而把意思弄反了。2答案B解析本文主要是围绕接触带有过敏原的宠物是否安全展开的,由第二段“.,and in fact,may actually protect them.”和第三段“.were not at greater risk.”可知,应是接触宠物的孩子患这种疾病的可能性较小,即不接触宠物的孩子患这种疾病的可能性较大,故选B项；误选A项是由于错误理解了倒数第二段；误选C项是由于没有正确理解全文,而是根据传统认识,即开头的观点作出的判断。3答案D解析推理判断题。该研究结果告诉人们小孩在早期与猫狗等动物接触不会影响他们的健康

31、,从而使很多父母可以放心。（2）1答案D解析细节理解题。由第一段可知宠物店主的宠物感染了一种病毒,故选D。2答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段Isaksen说的话可知,她认为目前人们对国外的宠物了解得太少。3答案B解析词义猜测题。由本句主语monkey­pox知,这可能是一种新的天花病毒,而不是一种病,故排除A、C、D。4答案A解析推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知,这种病毒的出现只是一个警告。未来可能会出现更多的新的疾病。（3）1答案C解析推理判断题。纵观全文,尤其是文章的第一段可以看出,这是一则广告,其目的就是向社会公开招聘English­language senior bus

32、iness editors,senior copy editors,copy 2答案D解析细节理解题。由Graphic Designer的招聘要求可以看出：Writing snappy headlines and captions并非Graphic Designer所要求具备的。3答案C解析细节理解题。前三个职位的叙述中都提到了对“editing experience”的要求,只有最后一个岗位没有这方面的要求,故C项为正确答案。4答案A解析标题判断题。文章第一段已点明了文章的主旨与目的,就是要招聘人员,所以A项所说的“中国日报社招聘员工”最能概括全文的大意,故可排除其他三项。5答案C解析细节理

33、解题。由第一段的叙述可以看出,员工可以“享受11天的公共假期”。其他三项都不符合原文的叙述。故C为正确答案。教师补充：导学案内容 阅读理解突破(四)词义猜测题1词义猜测题的提问方式(1)The word “.” refers to/probably means_.(2)The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by_.(3)What do you think the expression “.” stands for?(4)By saying “.” we mean_.(5)“.” as used in the passage can bes

34、t be defined as_.(6)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？2词义猜测题的解题策略(1)利用“同义关系”猜测词义被考查的词汇在文章中往往被同义词、同位语、定语从句等来解释或限定,根据这些词可以很容易猜测词义。作者常常会用be,mean,refer to,in other words,that is (to say)等指示性词或词组来对某一词或词组进行解释,那么所给生词和指示词后的含义相同。有时候标点符号,如破折号、冒号或括号均可以表示同义关系或解释。有时作者也常用such as,like

35、,for example,for instance等进一步解释说明前面某一词句或某一现象。通过所举的例子,便可理解生词的含义。(2)利用上下文的“对比、转折”关系来猜测词义通过意思相反或对应的两个句子或两部分来判断其中某一部分的意思。这时只要知道其中一部分的含义,则另一部分也就一目了然了。两部分之间常用while,but,however,on the contrary,on the other hand等来表示转折,根据这样的标志词可准确解释词义。(3)根据上下文的因果关系理解词义有什么样的原因就会产生什么样的结果。因果关系是文章中一种很普通的语言表达关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因,结果也就

36、不难知道了；反之,如果知道了结果,原因也就不难发现。(4)利用构词法来猜测词义很多词是通过构词法得来的,考生若掌握了一定的构词法知识,就不难猜出它们的词义。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀：super­(超),inter­(在之间),­able(能的),mini­(极少的,微型的),micro­(极微小的),re­(再,反复),sub­(分支的,底下),co­(共同),post­(后),pre­(前),trans­(通过,转换),under­(在之下,次于,不足),­ho

37、od (状态,性质,时期),­ish (如的,有点儿的),­proof (防的),­scope (镜),­ship(身份,资格,权力,性质),­some (易于的),­wards (向),mis­(误,恶),un­(不,非),in­(不,非),im­(不,非),dis­(不),non­(不,非),­less(不,无),anti­(反,防),Sino­(中国)1Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair adm

38、itted on a television programme that he had never sent flowers to his wife Cherie and that Hollywood beauty Grace Kelly was his dream lover.Blair,who allowed Channel 4 interviewer June Sarpong to shadow him for two days last month,made other personal revelations when asked questions he rarely hears

39、on the usual television political programs.During the interview for a program targeting 1830 year olds,the prime minister admitted that he sometimes had to “wing it” when making public appearances and that he wanted to go out for a drink without being recognized.However,the most dramatic revelation

40、was his reply to Sarpongs question whether he still sends his wife flowers.“Ive never sent her flowers.If I sent her flowers,she would get worried,”Blair said.But he added,“I am romantic.There are other ways of being romantic.”Blair needed a few moments to recall what posters he had on his bedroom w

41、all as a youngster,and then revealed,“Ill tell you.actually,when I was young,I loved Grace Kelly.”Blair admitted that he initially found it “odd” to be prime minister and to be rushed in motorcades from appointment to appointment,and worried that his lifestyle left him “a bit isolated” from ordinary

42、 people.He admitted that he was constantly on the phone between public appearances,and rarely had time to prepare for his next event,telling Sarpong,“I wing it all the time.”Asked what he would do if he could be invisible for a day,Blair said he would “just walk down the street and go to the pub.jus

43、t be absolutely normal.”1What does the underlined word “shadow” in Paragraph 2 mean?Afollow and interview BshadeCstay with Dkeep away from2What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 mean?ABlair didnt take his public appearances seriously.BBlair didnt know what to say before the public.CBlair o

44、ften had to do or talked about something without preparation.DBlair wanted to get away from the public.3Which word can be used to describe Blair according to this passage?ASerious. BEasy­going.CKind. DDull.2(2009·全国,D)Its not easy being a teenager(13至19岁的青少年)nor is it easy being the parent

45、 of a teenager.You can make your child feel angry,hurt,or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself.It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that youll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child,just not

46、everything.Except for health and safety problems,such as drug use or careless driving,consider everything else open to discussion.If your child is unwilling to discuss something,dont insist he tell you whats on his mind.The more you insist,the more likely that hell clam up.Instead,let him attempt to

47、 solve(解决) things by himself.At the same time,remind him that youre always there for him should he seek advice or help.Show respect for your teenagers privacy(隐私)Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family.If your child

48、 talks on the familys telephone for too long,tell him he can talk for 15 minutes,but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time.This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls,but teaches your teenager moderation(节制)Or if you are open

49、 to the idea,allow your teenager has his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part­time job.1The main purpose of the text is to tell parents _.Ahow to get along with a teenagerBhow to respect a teenagerChow to understand a teenagerDhow to help a teenager grow up2What does t

50、he phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?Abecome excited Bshow respectCrefuse to talk Dseek help3The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager _.Ato use the phone in a sensible wayBto pay for his own telephoneCto share the phone with friendsDto answer the phone quickly4What should pare

51、nts do in raising a teenager according to the text?ANot allow him to learn driving or take drugs.BGive him advice only when necessary.CLet him have his own telephone.DNot talk about personal things with him.3Who says Americans worship the almighty dollar？Its not true.Having enough free time is more

52、important to most Americans than being rich,according to a new poll.Only 13 percent of more than 2,400 people questioned in the telephone poll ranked being wealthy as most important to them,while 67 percent ranked free time as their top priority,higher than having a successful career,getting married

53、,and having children.“Everyone wants free time to do the things they want to do,young,middle­aged or old,”said Richard Morin,of the Pew Social & Demographic Trends Project,which conducted the survey.“So our desire to play unites us.”The poll also showed that people who were university educa

54、ted valued career success over wealth,so did middle­aged people.Not surprisingly,those who didnt have money,ranked wealth very highly.This included minorities,first generation Americans and less educated people.The survey also revealed that a disproportionate(不成比例的) number of people under the a

55、ge of 30 and retirees in the group made $20,000 or less a year.But the emphasis on wealth lessens with age,with younger people putting value on it but hardly any seniors.“It just diminishes with time as the reality sets in that you would never be rich,”Morin said.“But also,the reality sets in that you dont have to be rich to lead a very comfortable and fulfilling life.”While wealth was not at the top of peoples list of priorities,43 percent still said it was somewhat important.1The poll showed that the majority of American people ranked _ as the most important.Awealth Ba successful career