语法填空答题技巧

1、高中英语语法填空解题问题分析及应对策略 语法填空是从语法角度对短文进行适当的分散挖空，考查方式分为自由填空类及提示性填空类。其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。 自2007年广东高中实施新课程标准之后，进行高考改革增设语法填空以来，我省高中学生对这一新题型已不再陌生。然而，有的学生经过高中三年时间对这一题型进行反复练习、掌握了一定的解题技巧及进行一系列的强化训练后，从他们在高考中对这一题型方面的解题情况来看，依然存在着很多不足，结果仍不令人满意。究其原因，我认为主要有以下四点： 一、学生词汇量缺乏 二、没能掌握好解题技巧 三、考点不明确 四、没能过好语法关

2、一、学生词汇量缺乏 有的学生在平时英语学习中不重视英语词汇的积累，或是对所学词汇没能及时地、反复地巩固，造成词汇量缺乏。在这些学生中，有不少人在高考前都想走“捷径”，想方设法寻求解答这一题型的常填词汇，他们认为即便在不了解文章大意的情况下，填上那些常用词汇，就能拿上几分，以此来提高得分率。词汇是听说、阅读、写作的基础。如若没有掌握好基本词汇，就不能顺利地进行听说读写，所以乱填乱写只能能瞎撞，当然不能获得好成绩的。 二、没能掌握好解题技巧 有的学生做题时显得慌乱，在未获取全文大意的情况下就匆忙下笔，结果是事倍功半。而正确的解题技巧应是先浏览文章，获取文章的大意，然后从易后难地排除障碍试着填空，最

3、后是复核检查答案。在这一解题过程中，有部分学生不能从易至难地解题，而是卡在某个空上费时过多，不能在规定的时间内做完题。所以对学生来说，掌握一定的解题技巧是必要的，这样能帮助他们花较少的时间，获得更好的解题效果。 三、考点不明确 从学生做题情况来看，不少学生是由于不熟悉语法填空的命题形式，不明确考查内容与范围，在解题时填了很多不着边际的词汇，而造成失分。他们对语法填空要考查的语法项目内容，如连词，表并列关系的连词and，or，表转折关系的连词but，while，表因果关系的连词because，so等；副词，如ly结尾的副词probably，possibly等；代词，指示代词it，he，反身代词h

4、erself等；介词，如with，at，on等；关联词，如what，that，where等；非谓语动词，如现在分词、过去分词等；冠词a，an，the 和其它语法项目一概不清楚，这样做题时只是糊里糊涂，乱填一通。要做好语法填空题，当然是先要弄清楚考点，明确考查范围，才能做到有的放矢。 一、切实抓好词汇教学，让学生过好词汇关 从学生的答卷来看，在提示性填空题中，因不知道所给单词词性，造成无从下笔填写是学生在解答语法填空中存大的一个较突出的问题。由于上述原因造成的错填、误填现象层出不穷，如有的学生在句子需填主语的空上填了谓语动词形式、副词等，而在需填谓语动词形式的空上填了名词、介词等。所以在平时的词

5、汇学习中，应该在记忆单词的词义的同时，也要记忆词汇的词性，并明白不同词性的词汇在句子中的功用的异同，如主语可由名词或相当于名词的一类词担当，谓语是由动词担当等，以此来降低或减少错答率。另外，记住常用的动词短语、介词短语和重要的句子结构等是必要的。掌握解题技巧能有效地提高解题效率，但如果没有充足的词汇量，掌握再多的解题技巧都能只是空话。 二、让学生掌握解题技巧，提高解题效率 “授人以鱼不如授人以渔”。解题技巧可以帮助学生在更短的时间里更有效地答题。语法填空的正确解题步骤是： 1、浏览全文，把握语篇 2、边读边填，先易后难 3、验证复查，清除难点。 语法填空在设题方面分为自由填空类和提示性填空类。

6、自由填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。至于具体空格上填写什么词，学生应在了解全文大意后，从语篇着手，并联系上下文，可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配，及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解，行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填充。这样掌握解题技巧后，相应的提高解题效率，他们就能信心百倍地应对考试了。 三、让学生明确考点，了解高考命题特点及指向 只有让学生明确考点，解题时才能做到有的放矢。下面是语法填空的必考语法项目： 1. 考查介词，包括表时间

7、、方位、方式的介词on，in，at，with，by，through等。 如2010年高考考查了with表伴随的用法：The young man went home_35_a happy heart.； 2009年考查了介词on和at: Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale.， When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents w

8、ere already 39 table having supper. 2. 考查连词，包括表转折but，while、并列and，or、因果because，so等连词。 如2008年高考考查了连词but：He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 3. 考查副词，包括形容词转化成副词时的一般情况及特殊情况，如warmwarmly，truetruly；“le”结尾e改y 如：possiblepossibly，probablep

9、robably等。 2010年考查了副词warmly，如题：His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.； 另外，2007年高考考查了副词merrily，如题：We drank together and talked 38 (merry) till far into the night. 4. 考查形容词，一般常考查比较级或最高级形式， 如2010、2008年高考均考查了形容词的比较级sweeter和higher，如题：The tea

10、cher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _39_ (sweet).”（2010年高考）；He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high). （2008年高考）。另外考生需注意词性转化，像

11、过去分词用作为形容词，如experienced editors中的experienced（有经验的）；或是由名词转化为形容词，如名词detail转化成形容词detailed（详细的）等。 5. 考查代词，代词的种类繁多，包括人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词和指示代词等，其中近年来对指示代词it 在句中指代事物、不定式或从句的用法较常见，如2010和2008年高考题就考查了it代事物的用法，如题：He asked his teacher,” Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like 38 ?”（2010高考）， It is

12、said that a short tempered man in Song Dynasty was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night.（2008高考）还有09高考考查了it指代不定式的用法： She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 6. 考查冠词，考生应非常明确冠词a，an，the的功用。对冠词的考查方面，

13、2010年高考考查了定冠词the的特指用法：A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water._31_water was sweet.另外，近年来高考对冠词a基本用法的考查非常频繁。如2009年高考第33空：Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience : people stepped on your feet or 34 （push）you with their elbows（

14、肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.；再如2007年高考第35空：, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was a garage. 7. 考查谓语动词，包括考查谓语动词的时态及语态方面。教学大纲要求学生掌握的常考时态有数十种。在语法填空题中，对一般过式时的考查是近几年高考的重点考查对象，如2007年高考：The sun was setting when

15、my car 31 (break) down near a remote village.考查了谓语动词break的过去式broke；2009年高考：, people stepped your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows(肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.考查了push的过去式；Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 4 0 (inform). 考查了inform的一般过去被动式

16、；再如2010高考：After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.考查了present的一般过去式。 8. 考查非谓语动词，包括不定式、现在分词、过去分词及动名词。考生了解它们在句中的功用、区别及常考点是非常必要的。现在分词表示主动且表示动作正在进行，如2010年高考：He spit it out, _ 37_(say) it was awful.考查的就是现在分词saying。过去分词表示被动且表示动作已经发生或用来描述事物的状态，如2007年高考：While she was get

17、ting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to.，考查了过去分词settled。 9.考查关系代词及关系副词，这主要是考查学生对于关联词在从句中的应用的能力，其常考词为that，who，which，what等，另外，学生对于that在定语从句可作主、宾、表语，但在名词性从句是不作成分并没有词义的不同功用一定要区别开来，否则很容易造成失分。 另外，不定式担当句子状语是高考常考的一个知识点，如2008年高考：For example,

18、 the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help).考查了不定式to help作目的状语；2009高考：She wished that he was as easy 3 2 (please) as her mother. 考查了不定式to please用于形容词后担当状语。学生只有掌握了它们在句中的功用，才能在写出正确的非谓语动词形式。 除此以外，还有对名词、倒装句及强调句等的考查。以上这些考点也都是平时测试题及高考的命题方向和考查内容。在教学中，教师一定要让向学生明确这些必考点，学生在解题过程中才能快速地找到最佳答案，也才能够提高解题能力。 （1） In

19、the United States, there were 222 people 1._（report）to be billionaires（亿万富翁）in 2003. The 2._of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money 3._starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old 4._he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionair

20、e 5. _the time he was 6._, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even 7._（young）ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. 8._of these child actors made over a million dollars 9._（act）in movies before they were 14. But 10. _

21、youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited （继承）a billion dollars when he turned 18! （2） Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car 1._（steal）. They filed a report 2._the police station and a detective drove them 3._to the

22、parking lot to look for evidence. To their 4._（amaze）, the car had been returned 5._there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the 6._. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets 7._tonights Mania Twain concert.”

23、 Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended 8._concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found. 9._their house had been ransacked （洗劫）. On the bathroom mirror was 10._note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, dont I?” （3） People 1._（live）in different countries made

24、 different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred 2._in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four 3._ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need 4._these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand wo

25、rds. 5._you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary 6._（big）. Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books 7._（write）in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet 8._new word, look i

26、t 9._in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your 10._（much）useful book. （4） When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets 1._the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first 2._then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from 3._, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most 4._（danger）then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, 5._. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. 6._（have）a look first, or you will go