初升高高一英语衔接班第7讲——阅读理解二

1、（初升高）高一英语衔接班第7讲一一阅读理解（二）1一、学习目标：了解高中阅读理解题的特点，掌握应对不同题目的做题技巧，提高阅读能力。二、学习要点：了解阅读理解题型中推理判断题的特点，掌握做题技巧。了解阅读理解题型中猜测词义题的特点，掌握做题技巧。三、课程精讲：（一）重点知识讲解一）阅读理解题的答题步骤1）先看问题，再读文章。2）细读全文，认真推敲。3）复读全文，验证答案。二）做阅读理解题的注意事项：1）所选有据，避免主观。2）符合原文的答案=正确答案w最佳答案。3）解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。阅读的目的不仅在于读懂原文字面上的意思，还要求在理解原文观点的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意（learn

2、toreadbetweenthelines）。考试大纲要求考生在做此类型题时能作出简单判断和推理、能理解作者的意图和态度。这一能力要求常常通过对文章的推理来考查。这类题要求我们由“已知的”去推断“未知的”，属于一种深层次的理解。上节课我们介绍了前3种类型，下面来看第4,5种类型：4.推理判断题常见的提问形式有：ThepurposeofthepassageistoItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatTheauthorsuggeststhatThestoryimpliesthatThewriter'sattitudetowardsThepassageisint

3、endedtoIntheauthor'sopinion答题方法：在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章的结构，根据上下文之间的内在联系，推断文章的深层含义。对于隐含在字里行间或者流露于文章修饰词语中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、态度、观点、意图等要依据文章的主题思想进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。1）写作意图题。有些文章的作者不点明自己的写作意图，而让读者自己去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中。例：ALBANY,NewYork-Studentswhorelyonworkingatnighttoimprovetheirgradesmightwanttosl

4、eeponthatstrategy:anewsurveyintheU.S.saysthosewhoneverstudyallnighthaveslightlyhighergradesthanthosewhodo.Asurveyof120studentsatSt.LawrenceUniversityfoundthatstudentswhohaveneverpulledanall-nighteronaveragehavehighergradesthanthosewhohave.Thesurveyfoundthosewhodidnotstudythroughthenighthadagradepoin

5、taverageof3.2comparedto（与比较）2.95forthosewhohave.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellus.A. thebadeffectsofpullinganall-nighterB. pullinganall-nighterleadstosleepproblemsC. doubtsaboutall-nightersD. all-nightershurtstudents'grades答案：D2）态度倾向题。作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。例：TheNBAnowhasas

6、eriousimageproblemmorethananyothersport.Asit'sbeenforyears,whitesmakeupamajority（大音B分）ofthefans;blacksmakeupamajorityoftheplayers.TheNBAhasthepotentialtobeabridgebetweencultures,awaytobringbothsidestogetherincheeringsomeofthebestathletesofanycolor.Butit'safragilebridgeindeed,whereeveryblacko

7、rwhiteelementapparentlyforcesoutitsethnic（种族的）opposite.Andit'snothardtoimagineatimewhennobodywillbeinterestedincrossingover.Theauthor'sattitudetowardstheNBAculturecouldbedescribedas.A.supportiveB.doubtfulC.criticalD.neutral答案：C3）细节推断题。细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而选出符合文章原意结论的一种推断方法。例：Inma

8、nycountriesthestandardoflivingenjoyedbytheirpeoplehadincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Sadly,noteveryoneinthesecountriesissofortunateandmanypeopleinrichcountriesarehomeless.Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevarious,butpoverty（贫穷）isundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses.Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenunabl

9、etopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Often,thefactthatunemployed（失业）peoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappening,butnotalways.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A. youwillnotfindhomelesspeopleincountrieswithahighstandardofliving.B. thementalillliveonthestreetbecausetheywantthec

10、ompanyofotherhomelesspeopleC. theunemployedwhoreceivehelpmaystillbeamongthehomelessD. povertyisoneofthemainreasonforhomelessness答案：CE. 预测想象题。根据文章内容，把握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局或后文可能涉及的内容等进行科学、合理的预测。例：Completingacollegeapplicationcantakesometime.Butansweringallthequestionsisnotenough.Anotherimportantstepista

11、kingadmissionstests.TheSATisthecollegeentrytestthatAmericanhighschoolstudentsmostcommonlytake.AnotheroneistheACT.CollegesanduniversitiesmayalsorequireinternationalstudentstotaketheTOEFL（theTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage）.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.SATB.ACTC.FSSD.TOEFL答案：D5.猜测词义题在阅

12、读中我们经常会遇到许多生词，许多同学会立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度，进而影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境(各种已知信息)推测、判断某些生词的词义。常见的提问方式有：Theword""inparagraphcanbebestreplacedbyTheunderlinedword""mostprobablymeansBysaying"”,theauthormeansTheexpression""isclosesttoTheund

13、erlinedpart""(inParaeans)根据定义、解释和叙述猜测词义。例：(浙江卷)Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.根据因果关系猜测词义。例：a) Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽),oryoungleaves.b) Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Thewo

14、rd“presumptuous"inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto".A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet答案：Bo根据搭配和内在逻辑关系猜测词义。(对比、比较)例：a) Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.b) Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesnvetobeathaassle:itcanbeabasketoffun.

15、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests答案：Co通过构词法猜测词义例：a) Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?b) It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlookin

16、g俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillage.c) Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward(另1J扭的)handpositions.（二）即学即练1. HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascari

17、bou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.Accordingthepassage,ThePinesisa.A. placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB. mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC. townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD. restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood2. Technologygreatlyinfluencesourstandpo

18、intonhowfastwethinkeverythingneedstobedone.Ifyouputadollarinthesodamachine,youexpectthebottletomoveforwardandfalldowntothebottom.Youcan'tcounthowmanytimesyousmackedtheemachineifitwenttooslowforyourexpectations.Youwantedinstantresults,immediatefulfillment.Theunderlinedword“smacked"intheparag

19、raphprobablymeans.A.clappedB.hitC.kickedD.pushed3. Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?"WWhy,yes.ahsl/ered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother."she

20、said,“Wouldyouliketomeether?"Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress'agebecausehethought.A. shewasyoungB. itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC. shewasbeautifulD. itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim4. Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause.A. shelivednearhishouseB. heoftenwenttovisithermotherC. s

21、hewantedtobefriendlywithhimD. shelovedhimverymuch（三）高考链接Amonthafterthehurricane（飓风）,IreturnedhomeinNewOrleans.Therelaymyhouse,reducedtowaist-highruins（废墟）,smellyanddirty.Beforethetrip,Ihadmycarfixed.Whentheofficeemployeeofthegaragewaswritingupthebill,shenoticedmyLouisianalicenseplate（汽车牌照）."Noc

22、harge“shesaid,andfirmlyshookherheadwhenIreachedformywallet.ThenextdayIwentforahaircut,andthesamethinghappened.1. Thegarageemployee'sattitudetowardtheauthdhiawaof.A.unconcernB.sympathyC.doubtD.tolerance2. Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?rge”A.负责B.费用C.接管D.控告3. Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Peoplear

23、everykind.B.Theauthorhasnomoney.C.Peopledisliketheauthor.D.Theauthor'shsejisingoodcondition.四、下讲预告：下一讲，我们将讲解高考作文的特点，介绍写作方法和技巧。【同步练习】（答题时间：30分钟）ASincemyretirement（退休）fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist.Iactuallybegandrawingagaininthesummerof1995whenmyfatherdied.Sop

24、erhapsIwastryingtorecoverfromthelossofmyfather,ormaybeitwasjustthatitbroughtbackmemoriesofhim.Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes（M景画）muchinfluenced（影响）byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.Forsomestrangereason,Ihadbeenwaitinguntilmyretirementtostartdoingwatercolorsagain,butassoonasIwalkedoutofth

25、eschooldoorforthelasttime.IpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.IhadlookedthroughalltheartbooksIhadonmyshelvesandfoundhiswatercolorstobetheclosesttohowIthoughtgoodwatercolorsshouldlook.SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesof

26、painting.However,watercolorsremainedmyfirstchoice,andIthinkIdidmybestworkthere,showingmypaintingsatanumberofartexhibitions.Artisnowtogetherwithmypianoplayingandreading.Thereisatimeforeverythinginmyworld,anditiswonderfultohavesometimedoingwhatIwanttodo.AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart&

27、#39;sdesire.”1. Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Learningtopaintinlaterlife.B.Howtopaintwatercolors.C.Anartist-turnedteacher.D.Lifeafterretirement.2. Theauthorstarteddrawingagainin1995because.A. hehopedtodrawapictureofhisfatherB. hecouldn'tstopmissinghisfatherC. hehadmoretimeafterretirementD. helikeda

28、nimalsandlandscapes3. Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor.A. hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.JohnB. paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC. believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolorsD. startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventy4. Howdoestheauthorprobablyfeelabouthislifeasanartist?A.Veryenjoyable.B.Abitregretfu

29、l.C.Ratherbusy.D.Fairlydull.BShoppingisnotassimpleasyoumaythink!Thereareallsortsoftricksatplayeachtimewereachoutforthatparticularbrandofproductontheshelf.Colouring,forexample,variesaccordingtowhattheproducersaretryingtosell.Healthfoodsarepackagedingreens,yellowsorbrownsbecausewethinkoftheseashealthy

30、colours.Icecreampacketsareoftenblueandexpensivegoods,likechocolates,aregoldorsilver.Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackagebluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.Thesizeofaproductcanattractashopper.Butquiteoftenabottledoesnch'tcontainasasitappearsto.Itisbelievedthatthebetter-knowncompaniesspend,onaverage,70perc