初中英语主谓一致和就近原则讲解及练习

1、学习好资料欢迎下载英语语法一一主谓一致（就近、就远原则）就近原则：也称邻近原则”就近一致原则”（Proximo,即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在人称、数”上一致。在正式文体中：1 .由下列词语连接的并列主语："therebe+句型；or;either；roor;neithernorwhether-or；not-but;notonlybutalso等。e.g. Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈者B与我无关。 NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。Notyoubutyourfatheristo

2、blame.不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。Notonlyyoubut（also）heiswrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。2 .在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。2)Thereis(are)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。II.非正式文体中:有时依就近一致原则”，但也可依意义一致原则”或严格地依语法一致原则”。e.g.NeithershenorIwerethere（意义一致）我和

3、他当时都不在那儿。（非正式）NeithershenorIwasthere.（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的e.g.Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“Noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。I.Therebe句型2.neither.nor.3.either.or.英语就近原则短语Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=

4、Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.4.notonly.butalso.NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.学习好资料欢迎下载=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeev

5、erySunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词7匚：aswellas;(together/along)with；ratherthan；except;besides;but；including；inadditionto;apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主谓一致单项填空专练主谓一致是历年中考热点之一，一般说来句子的主语和谓语在人称与数上应保持一致，但在很多情况下存在一些特殊情况，这些特殊情况就是重要考点。本文以往年高考试题为例，对此考点作以归纳。一、当主语后面与with,aswel

6、las,but,except,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1. Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe2. Alibrarywithfivethousandbookstothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3. E-

7、mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play4. NobodybutJanethesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown5. Allbutoneherejustnow.学习好资料欢迎下载A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were二、当either.or.;neither.nor.;notonly.butalso.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6. Eitheryouort

8、heheadmastertheprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout7. NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMarytiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、当"theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式；当"oneof+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语

9、时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8. Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen9. Sheisoneofthefewgirlswhointhekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、当news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数概念，而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。10. Everypossi

10、blemeanstopreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused五、当分数（百分数）+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数学习好资料欢迎下载1. .ofthelandinthatdistrictcoveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof.（的数目）短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当anumberof.（许多）短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。12. Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were七、当“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。13. Whenandwheretobuildthenewfacto