口腔粘膜常见病七年制定稿

1、口腔粘膜常见病 Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases武大中南医院口腔科学教研室Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases口腔粘膜临床外观口腔粘膜临床外观Oral Mucosa Diseases口腔粘膜上皮结构口腔粘膜上皮结构口腔粘膜结构口腔粘膜结构Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesThe Oral Mucosa StructureOral Mucosa Diseases1.口腔粘膜的功能：屏障保护功能：唾液屏障、上皮屏障、免疫细胞屏障、免疫球蛋白屏障感觉功能温度调节及

2、分泌功能2.口腔粘膜组织的代谢与更新能源代谢特点：口腔粘膜的上皮组织，糖酵解供能方式活跃，酶量及活性高。上皮下的结缔组织的氧供丰富，以有氧氧化供能方式为主。口腔粘膜上皮组织更新时间：约为414天，其中非角化上皮较角化上皮快。Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases水疱出现前的红斑单纯结痂性损害Oral Mucosa D

3、iseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa D

4、iseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa D

5、iseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases牙龈白斑Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Muco

6、sa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases1. 是一组多因素病因造成的黏膜疾病；最严重的一型是Stevens-Johnson综合征。侵犯皮肤和黏膜，急性发作，自限性疾病，3-4周可自愈。2. 可能归因于免疫复合物的沉积。与易感个体（激素变化）暴露于某种特定的药物或病原体（病毒、支原体）有关。3. 诊断：特征性的临床表现，包括靶形同心圆红斑出现在手掌、腿、面部和颈部；口腔黏膜被破损的大炮覆盖，唇结厚痂，牙龈溃疡覆盖厚的渗出性假膜。通常有发热。4. 治疗：重型需住院治疗，用类固醇治疗。Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mu

7、cosa DiseasesOral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases牙龈自发性出血白血病致牙龈轻度增生Oral Mucosa Diseases贫血性口角炎贫血性舌炎（舌乳头萎缩）Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases上腭瘀斑颊粘膜血疱Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases糖尿病相关性牙周炎糖尿病相关性牙周炎Oral Mucosa Diseases增生性龈炎增生性龈炎Oral Mucosa Diseases艾滋病毒感染在全球仍呈蔓延趋势，尤以南非、东南亚为甚。Oral Muc

8、osa Diseases90以上的艾滋病患者，在其病程的不同时期出现与艾滋病相关的口腔粘膜损害。据国际研究和临床经验，在艾滋病发病前1-4年内，大多数艾滋病患者都会单独出现口腔症状。对艾滋病的早期诊断有重要意义。Oral Mucosa Diseases溃疡类疾病（Ulcerative Disease） 真菌性疾病（Fungal Disease）病毒性疾病（Viral Disease）AIDS AIDS 相关的肿瘤（Neoplastic Disease）细菌性疾病（Bacterial Disease）Oral Mucosa Diseases假膜型（Pseudomembranous Candidi

9、asis）红斑型（Erythematous Candidiasis）Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases人类乳头状瘤病毒感染（Human Papilloma Virus）Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases牙龈线性红斑（Linear Gingival Erythema LGE）Oral Mucosa DiseasesOral Mucosa Diseases艾滋病患者常规口腔治疗的注意点因艾滋病患者除CD4淋巴细胞指数下降和唾液分泌减少外，还常伴有血小板和中性粒细胞减少，口腔内的各类机会性感染，肿瘤、龋病和牙周病的发生，各类口腔手术后的出血和感染都会明显增加。随着艾滋病患者的人数