牛津译林八下Unit1知识梳理

1、牛津译林八下Unitl知识梳理Comic strip & Welcome to the unit1: past and present1 1) pastn. 过去，以前； in the past在过去In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.People lived a hard life in the past.adj.过去的，以前的；in/over/during the past/last few years 在过去的几年里 常用于现在完成时Let ' s not make tlpast mistakes.He has

2、 visited many foreign countries in the past few years . prep.过half past ten 十点半Our car was past the Tian ' anmen Square when it broke down.adv. 经过 go/walk/run/ride/drive/swim past sp. = pass sp.A woman saw it happen when she walked past.When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over

3、the tree.2 2) presentadj.现在的；目前的；出席的 be present at the meeting出席会议n.现在；礼物；at present 现在 ；a present for you=a gift for you 给你的礼物He is busy at present .vt.介绍;出现;提出;赠送;present sb. with sth.Everyone can be present ed a present at present.2： You' vehanged, Eddie. You used to share food with me.你变了。你以

4、前跟我分享食物的。(1) change此处用作不及物动词，意为"变化"。change into意为"变成"。In England, the weather changes very often.在英格兰，天气时常变化。The place changed into a beautiful park last year.这个地方去年变成了个漂亮的公园。拓展：change还可用作及物动词，意为“交换 ；改变;换乘“。Can I change seats with you?我可以和你换一下座位吗？At last, he changed his mind.最后，他

5、改变了主意。I stopped in Moscow just to change planes.我为了转机才在莫斯科停留的。change还可用作可数或不可数名词，意为“改变，变化，转变”；用作不可数名词时，还可意为“零钱 ；找头”Can you tell me something about the change to the city?你能告诉我有关这个城市的变化吗 Let's go out to a restaurant for a change!咱们到饭店去换换口味吧 ！I have no change with me.我没带零钱。(2) use n.用途；使用能力；运用头脑(或

6、身体)的能力；vt.用，使用；行使 use sth to do useful adj.有用的；useless adj.无用的used to (do sth.)过去常常(做某事)”否定形式:used not to+v.或 didn ' t use to+v.疑问形式：Used sb. to v.? Yes, sb used./No, sb usedn ' t.或 Did sb. use to+v.? Yes, sb did./No, sb didn' t.get/be used to(doing sth.)习惯于(做某事)It's not easy to get

7、used to the changes of life quickily.(P17)He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hebarely（几乎不）had achance. He thinks he ' lbeeverd to this busy lifestyle.be used to do sth.被用来做某事（ A ） He used to in a small village, but now he has been used to in a bigcity.A. live; li

8、vingB. live; liveC. living; living（ B ） Do you know what the box?A. is used to doing B. is used to do C. use to doD. used to doReading1: .so Millie is interviewing him to get some erview n .采访，会见 vt.采访；面试interview sb . = have an interview with sb.采访某人拓展：interviewer作名词，意为“采访者，面试官”。Sall

9、y became a member of the company after the job interview.萨莉在求职面试后成为了这家公司的一员。I interviewed Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon=I had an interview with Mr Zhang yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我采访了张先生。2: ： I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.in the northern part of China = in northern Chin

10、a = in the north of China北南西东东南东北西南西北n .northsouthwesteastsoutheastnortheastsouthwestnorthwestadj.northernsouthernwesterneasternsoutheasternnortheasternsouthwesternnorthwesternBeijing is in the northern part of China.批注：注意in the north与in the northern part of的同义句转换。例如：Beijing is in the north of China

11、.= Beijing is in the northern part of China .3: When I got married in 1965, my wife and I movedtwo blocks away and we ' ve lived inthis area since then.当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。（1） marry :vt.& vi.（使）结婚；娶；嫁；结合；marry sb = get married to sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把 A 嫁名B Badj. marr

12、ied 已婚的; 短语： A and B get married /A get（s） married to Bn. marriage 婚姻（2） move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动；使感动move away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出.Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away .3: Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park

13、.turn into 进入，拐进；（使）成为，（使）进入 turn. into. = o.把.变成 Bad beginnings may turn into good endings.I saw him turn into the library.How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?turn on JLturn off 去turn up 调高； 开大（音量、'煤气等）turn down 调低;；关小（音量、煤气、灯火等 ） turn around 转身turn over把翻

14、过来turn back往回走turn left向左转turn right向右转by turns 轮流，交替in turn 依次； 轮流turn in 交出；上交take one ' s tur欹；轮流 It ' s one ' s turn to dosth.某人做某事 。5: Was pollution a problem then? pollution n .拓展：v. pollute污染 pollute the air污染空气常见短语：air pollution空气污染；noise pollution噪音污染；light pollution光污染I could h

15、ardly believe she had made a video about water pollution by herself.我几乎不能相信她靠自己制作了一份有关水污染的录像。6: They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把垃圾放到河里。(1) put sth into 把放进，使进入Please put the food into the fridge.put away 拿走，储存 备用put down 写下；记下put off延期；推迟put back放回；向后移put on 穿上；上演 put in 安装put out 熄灭；关

16、熄；扑灭put up 举起：抬起：张贴：搭建(2)waste n(u).废弃物，垃圾，浪费时间 /金钱的7费 a waste of time/moneyv.浪费 waste.on sth / waste.(in)doing sthWe should save water instead of wasting it.Don' twaste time playing games.adj.无法利用的，废弃的 waste land, waste paper7: Later the government realized the problem and took action to improv

17、e the situation.后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。(1 )realize (= realise )此处用作及物动词，意为“意识到"，其后可接名词或从句作宾语。Have you realized the pollution here?你意识到这里的污染了吗？Suddenly I realized that he was not married.突然我意识到他没有结婚。(2 ) take action 意为"采取行动"。take action to do sth.意为“采取行动做某事”。They took action to protec

18、t wild animals.他们采取行动保护野生动物。take的常见短语： take a look 看一看 炼take away 拿走take out 拿出take a message 捎个口信take care保重，当心take off脱下；(飞机)起飞take notes t己笔 t己take care of 照顾take place发生,举行take exercise 锻take down 拿下take part in 参加(3) improve此处用作及物动词， 意为“改进,改善”，其名词形式为 improvement ( 改善,改进)。I want to improve my En

19、glish.我想提高我的英语水平。(4)situation用作可数名词，意为“形势，情况”。in a. situation ”在的形势下“He is in a difficult situation.他处境困难。辨析：situation 和 conditionsituation意为 情况"，形势"，局面”，主要是指各种情况之间的相互关系以及该情况与有关人士之间的关系，即强调相互之间的联系和影响。如：the international situation 国际形势the political situation 政局the present situation 目前形势condi

20、tion作 状况”解释时与state相近，但含有 与周围环境有关”之意。如：He's now in a dangerous situation. 他现在处境危险。The condition of my health prevented me from working. 我的健康状况不允许我继续工作。He's in no condition to travel.他的健康状况不宜于旅行。The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage. 此船的情况不宜作长途航行。8: Now the river is much cleaner

21、.现在河流干净了很多。此处的much用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit;a lot.-How do you feel today? - Even worse .9: Well, in some ways it is. 好的，在某种程度上它是。in some ways在某些方面，在某种程度上In some ways , I do agree with you.1. in many ways在许多方面；用许多方法； in this way用这种方法；2. on one ' s wayto 在某人去的路上”;(

22、home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)3. by the way 表示 顺便说/问一句"4. all the way 表示 全程；一直 ”;5. in a way 在某一点上，在某种程度上in no way6. in the way挡道 in the way of sb挡在某人路上10： It. has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。(1)句式分析：此处的 it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to see each othe

23、r.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事是怎样的。It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.拓展：在“It is+形容词+ to do sth."这句式中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for/of引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。其中作表语的形容词是important,necessary, easy, difficult等描述事物特征的形容词时，用for引起的短语；作表语的形容词是kind,clever, foolish, polite等描述人的性格、品质的形

24、容词时，则用 of引起的短 tH*。It is important you to study hard.It is very kind you to lend me so much money.(2) impossibleadj.不可能的impossible是由形容词 possible加否定前缀im-构成的。拓展：在英语中，形容词的否定前缀有un-, in-, im-,ir-,dis-等。有些形容词加上相应的否定前缀，就构成其反义词，这种构词法称为派生法。大多数形容词加前缀un-构成反义词。necessary- unnecessary 不必要的friendly-unfriendly 不友好的p

25、leasant-unpleasant 让人不愉快的以c或e开头的形容词通常加前缀in-构成反义词。correct- incorrect 不正确的expensiveinexpensive 不昂贵的以p开头的形容词通常加前缀im-构成反义词。proper-improper 不合适的polite- impolite 不礼貌的以r开头的形容词通常加前缀ir-构成反义词。regular-irregular (不规则的)有些形容词加前缀dis-构成反义词。honest- dishonest (不诚实的)注：含加否定前缀构成的形容词的句子不属于否定句。在改为反意疑问句时，附加问句部 分仍用否定形式。He i

26、s unhappy today, isn't he?他今天不高兴，是吗 ？11: Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.现在我经常会感到有点孤单。(1)辨析 a bit a little两者都意为“有点儿”，用法既有相同点，也有不同点，具体如下：二者都是表程度的副词短语，修饰形容词、副词原级或比较级时，意义相同，意为“一点儿，有些”。The pollution here is a bit/little serious.这里的污染有点儿严重。He walked a little bit slowly.他走路有点儿慢。二者都可以作名词短语，充当

27、主语或宾语。A bit/little is enough for me.我有一点儿就够了。I know only a bit/little about her.我对她的情况只了解一点儿。a little可直接修饰不可数名词,a bit后须加of才可以修饰不可数名词。There is a little water in the bottle. =There is a bit of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一1点 JL 水。(2)辨析:lonely 与 alonelonely形容词“寂寞的，孤单的”强调人内心的感受，可以作表语或定语“偏僻的，荒凉的，人迹罕至 的”只能在名

28、词前作定语alone形容词 或副词“单独，独自作形容词时，通常用形容词作表语或宾语补足语，不能作前置定语作副词时，常修饰动词作状语Living in a big city can make people feel lonely sometimes.生活在大城市有时会让人感到寂寞。She lives in a lonely mountain village 她生活在一个偏僻的山村。I never feel lonely when I am alone.我一个人时从不感到寂寞。The old man lives alone on the hill.那个老人独自一人在山上居住。(3) time: n

29、时间；次数；时代(常用复数)at the same time 同时 in time 及时； 适时 on time 按时，准时； 按时all the time始终.一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某时from time to time 不时. 有时 for the first time 首次； 第一次12： Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。(1) amazing adj.令人吃惊的，惊叹的通常说明物本身所具有的特征，可作表语或定语。It is amazing that there is so

30、 much waste here.这JL有刃B么多废料，真让人吃惊。This movie has some amazing actions.这部电影里有些让人惊叹的动作。拓展：amazed形容词，意为“惊奇的，惊讶的”，通常说明人的感受，常作表语。be amazed at/by.意为“对大为惊讶”。I was amazed at her knowledge of English literature.她对英国文学的了解让我大为惊讶。(2) take place意为"发生"，与 happen意思相近，但用法有区别。take place常指经过安排而发生，而 happen常指偶

31、然发生，它们都不能用于被动语态。Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大变化。Do you know what will happen in one hundred years?你知道 100 年后会发生什么吗 ？ 拓展：take place还可意为"举行”，相当于 hold ,但hold可用于被动语态。The World Cup takes place every four years.= The World Cup is held every four years. 世界杯每 四年举行一次。take sb.&#

32、39;s place 或 take the place of sb.意为"代替某人"The man was ill in hospital and his friend took his place.那个人生病住院了， 他朋友代替了 他。Integrated skills & Study skills &Task1: Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years.星光镇在过去几年中变化很大。=Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town.翻译：在过去的几年里

33、，月光镇发生了很多变化。2： We mainly communicate by email.我们主要通过电子邮件交流。communicatevt.传达(新闻，意见，感情等)The little boy cancommunicate his ideas clearly.(2)communicatevi. 交流；沟通；通讯communicate with sb. 和某人沟通交流He had no way to communicate with his brother.(Dcommunicationn. 交流；沟通；通讯3： Now people are enjoying a comfortbale

34、 fortableadj.舒适的；愉快放松的Trainers are so comfortable to wear.拓展：反义词：uncomfotable副词：comfortably动词/名词：comfort 安慰；慰藉本单元语法:Present perfect tense （现在完成时）项目内容备注概念表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。Eddie has eaten my food.(Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去 的动作或状态。E

35、ddie has lived with Mille since he was born.Eddie has lived with Mille for four years.构成助动词has/have +动词的过去分词动词过去分词规则变化跟 对应的过去式一样，在后面 加ed特殊变化详见书本。(P122-123)肯定形式They have finished their homework. He has finished his homework.缩略形式：they have=they've; he has=he's否定形式They haven ' t finishedtheir homework.He hasn ' t finishechis homework.疑问形式Have they finished their homework?Yes, they have. / No, they haven' t.关键词依时向段 好neveralready（用于肯止句）,yet（用于否te句和 since+一点时间,for+T时间, never, ever, three times（其它率的before, recently, in the past/last few year疑问句），词 ，once, twice 等