精益生产LP的本质和应用案例

1、精益生产（LP）的本质和应用案例 <span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">精益生产（LP<span style="fon

2、t-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">）<span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-fam

3、ily:Calibri;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:宋体;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin">的本质和应用案例 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font

4、-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">内容提要：<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hans

5、i-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">精益生产是在总结流水线生产和丰田生产方式而创立的生产理论，它将生产理论简化到了新的理论高度，总结出了精益五原则，对精益生产的推广起到了重要作用，越简单有效的方法越容易普及。精益生产的主要目标还是增加产出速度，同时也兼顾降低成本。精益生产以以价值流分析作为工具，跟踪价值的产生过程，删除不必要的环节，从而缩短生产周期并降低成本。精益生产以空间或者库存作为缓冲，来防止工序的过量生产，从而保证系统的产出速度

6、。<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">精益生产（Lean Production<span style="font-s

7、ize:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，简称LP<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-h

8、eight:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）是美国麻省理工学院数位国际汽车计划组织的专家对日本“丰田JIT<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-

9、family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">（Just In Time<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&qu

10、ot;Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）生产方式”的研究而命名的生产方法。精益生产有五个原则，分别为价值、价值流、流动、拉动和尽善尽美（如图6-64<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-fam

11、ily:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示）。 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-fo

12、nt-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">图6-64 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-b

13、idi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">精益生产五原则<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman&quo

14、t;">精益生产的5<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">个原则：1<span style="font

15、-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）价值：精确的定义特定产品的价值。2<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-siz

16、e:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）价值流：识别出每种产品的价值流。3<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font

17、-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）流动：使价值不断流动。4<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:&q

18、uot;Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）拉动：让顾客从生产方面拉动价值。5<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-h

19、ansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）尽善尽美：永远的追求尽善尽美（如图6-65<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Tim

20、es New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示）。 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:&quo

21、t;Times New Roman"">图6-65 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">精益生产五原则系统

22、<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如何通过广义动量定理和系统思考来分析精益生产的5<span style="fon

23、t-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">个原则呢？广义动量定理用来分析如何产生和增加成果，系统思考用来分析各种因素的交互影响。这两种方法改如何使用呢？1<span style=&

24、quot;font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）价值：精确的定义特定产品的价值（如图6-66<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso

25、-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示）。 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;fon

26、t-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">图6-66 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Ti

27、mes New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">价值<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"

28、;Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">定义价值就是定义顾客所需要的产品质量m<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bid

29、i-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，这是生产出的产品需要达到的目标。从广义动量定理的角度说，定义价值就是定义广义动量定理Ft=nmV<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bi

30、di-font-family:"Times New Roman"">成果nmV<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"&

31、quot;>中的m<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，指出了主体通过力量F<span style="font

32、-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、方法<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-h

33、eight:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">、时间t<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-fam

34、ily:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和力量的作用点而要达到的目标。2<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"m

35、so-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）价值流：识别出每种产品的价值流（如图6-67<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:&quo

36、t;Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示）。 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family

37、:"Times New Roman"">图6-67 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">价值流&

38、lt;span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">价值流是产生价值m<span style="font-size:12.0pt;ms

39、o-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的过程，价值从原始价值m1<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height

40、:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">增值到m2<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:

41、"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，从m2<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-fa

42、mily:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">增值到mi<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-fo

43、nt-family:"Times New Roman"">，经过多个增值过程，最后增值到目标价值m<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Ro

44、man"">。而从原始价值m1<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，最后增值到目标价值m<span

45、style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的过程就是价值流。也就是广义动量定理的过程市场Ft<span style="font-size:1

46、2.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">，不能产生价值m<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-hei

47、ght:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的过程应该减少到最小，这一点和工业工程中介绍减少动作动作路程的道理是相同的。减少不必要的步骤可以加快产品的产出速度而提高产出量，也可以减少占用时间，人力和物料等的成本，这和TPS<span style="font-size:

48、12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">中所说的“消除一切浪费”的思想是相同的。3<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:1

49、1.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">）流动：使价值不断流动（如图6-68<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-fa

50、mily:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示）。 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times N

51、ew Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">图6-68 <span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"

52、Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">流动<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">增加流动速度可以增加产出成果。从广义动量定理Ft=nmV<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"mso-bidi-font-family:"T