微电子专业外语4

1、 Basic MOS Device PhysicsvAs a result, the calculation of Vth from I/V measurements is somewhat ambiguous. We return to this point later but assume in our preliminary analysis that the device turns on abruptly for VgsVth. v注意： somewhat; assume; preliminary Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit so

2、mewhat; preliminary somewhat adv.稍微；有点；达到某种程度n.少量preliminary英 priliminri美 prlmnriadj.初步的，初级的；预备的；开端的；序言的n.准备工作；预赛；初步措施；（对学生等的）预考Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit assumeassume：指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真相，含有较强的武断成分。I assume you always get up at the same time. 我想你总是在同一个时间起床。presume ：指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉把某事认为事

3、实，虽然还没有确定的证据。I presume youre tired after the long ride. 长途旅行后我想你肯定累了。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvThe turn-on phenomenon in a PMOS device is similar to that of NFETs but with all of the polarities reversed. v注意： that of ; polarity polrti,p-极性Design of Analog COMS

4、 Integrated Circuit that ofthat of .中that是代词,与关系代词无关,它代替了前面的某个内容. The product in her factory is better than that of mine. 比较就要同质比较， 并行就代替并行的内容. 要符合逻辑Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvAs shown in Fig. 2.8, if the gate-source voltage becomes sufficiently negative, an in

5、version layer consisting of holes is formed at the oxide-silicon interface providing a conduction path between the source and the drain. v注意： consisting of Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit consisting ofconsist vi由组成，由构成：This club consists of more than 200 members这个俱乐部由200多个会员组成。 用法拓展：consist

6、 of由组成，由构成 consist in在于， 存在于consistent with和一致的特别提醒：consist of没有被动形式。 Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit consisting ofThe opening province which _thirteen countries and three coastal cities will quicken its paces of economic development.A. consists of B. makes up C. is included D. is contained

7、答案为A Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit consisting ofconsist of常用整体作主语，表示“整体由部分组成”，引申为“包含有”，不能用于被动语态。make up用部分作主语，表示“部分构成整体”，用于主动语态；如果用整体作主语，必须用被动结构be made up of，这时可以和consist of互换。另外，make up还可以表示“化装；编造”。 Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvIn order to obtain the

8、relationship between the drain current of a MOSFET and its terminal voltages, we make two observations. v注意： obtain; observationsDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit obtainacquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调一经获得就会长期持有的含义。 It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitu

9、al ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。 Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit obtainobtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。 He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。 gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。 An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而 得

10、利润。 Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit obtainearn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。 How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？ achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。 The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。 Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device Physicsv First, consider a semiconduc

11、tor bar carrying a current I. Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvIf the charge density along the direction of current is Qd coulombs per meter and the velocity of the charge is v meters per second, then. v注意： coulombs ; velocity Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit

12、 coulomb, velocity coulombn. 库仑(电量单位)英 ku:lm 美 kulm, -lomvelocity n. 速率，速度； 周转率；英 vilsiti 美 vlsti Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvTo understand why, we measure the total charge that passes through a cross section of the bar in unit time. v注意： passes through Design o

13、f Analog COMS Integrated Circuit passpass away 去世，（时间）过去pass by 经过，（时间）过去pass on/upon 传递，通过pass out of ones mind 被人忘掉pass over 忽视，置之不理pass through 经历，经过，贯穿Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvWith a velocity v, all of the charge enclosed in v meters of the bar must flow

14、through the cross section in one second. v注意： with, enclosed in Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvSince the charge density is Qd, the total charge in v meters equals Qd*v. This lemma proves useful in analyzing semiconductor devices. v注意： equals, lemma, proves Design o

15、f Analog COMS Integrated Circuit equalsPrices reach an equilibrium(平衡) at the level at which quantity demanded _ quantity supplied. A. is equal toB. equalC. equals toD. is equalDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit equals【句意】物价应在供求量相等的水平上达到平衡。【难点】be equal to意为“与相等”，等于及物动词equal。在at which引导的定语从句中，主

16、语为第三人称单数，而B)项equal又没有词尾s, C)和D)两项的形式又不正确，所以A)项正确，因其既合语法也合句意。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit lemma定义（Definition）、定理（Theorem）、命题（Proposition）和引理（Lemma)prove, certify, demonstrate, establish, testify 这些动词均含有“证明、证实”之意。prove: 普通用词，指通过某种手段或方式提供证据以验证某事物真实与否，某结论正确与否等情况。 certify: 较正式用词，多指有签字盖章的、合符法律

17、程序的书面证明。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit lemmademonstrate: 指通过推理、辩论、实验或以实例来确定事物的正确与否。常用于理论、学说、定律等的证明上。establish: 指证实事实或理论的真实性与正确性，使其能长期存在或为人们所接受。 testify: 较正式用词，既指出庭作证，提供证据，又指为某人或某事的是否真实提供证据或证明。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvSecond, consider an NFET whose s

18、ource and drain are connected to ground. v注意： 电容Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvWhat is the charge density in the inversion layer? Since we assume the onset of inversion occurs at VGS = VTH , the inversion charge density produced by the gate oxide capacitance is pro

19、portional to VGS - VTH . v注意： onset, produced Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit onset， produced onset n. 攻击，袭击； 开始，动手； 医发病produce表示生产，它可以是工业上的生产，也可以是可以表示生产汽车、机器通过制造而获得的产品，如：produce cars/ planes生产汽车、飞机，也可以表示生产粮食蔬菜、通过种植而获得的产品 They produce wheat and rice. 他们生产小麦、稻谷；Design of Analog COMS Integrat

20、ed Circuit onset， produced Make表示制造，可以是工业上的生产，make cars/ planes制造汽车、飞机，但不能表示通过种植而获得的产品；而grow表示种植、栽培，如：They grow wheat and rice every year. 他们每年种小麦、水稻。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvFor VGS VTH, any charge placed on the gate must be mirrored by the charge in the cha

21、nnel, yielding a uniform channel charge density (charge per unit length) equal to v注意： yielding , uniform Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit yield， uniform production是产量，yield是收益yield to屈服uniform n. 制服； 军服； 通讯中用以代表字母 u 的词 adj. （形状，性质等）一样的； 规格一致的； 始终如一的 Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit

22、Basic MOS Device Physicsv，where COX is multiplied by W to represent the total capacitance per unit length.v注意： where Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvNow suppose, as depicted in figure 10(b), the drain voltage is greater than zero.v注意： supposeDesign of Analog COMS In

23、tegrated Circuit supposeI dont suppose anyone will volunteer to paint such a big house, _?A. do I B. dont IC. will they D. wont they析：这是一个反意疑问句。当主句主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，suppose等动词时，反意问句的主谓语要根据从句的主谓语来确定。前面是否定句，所以反问部分要用肯定形式。答案为C项。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit supposeMrs Black doesnt believe he

24、r son is able to design a digital camera, _?A. is she B. isnt sheC. doesnt she D. does she析：该句的主句谓语动词虽是believe，但主句主语不是第一人称，所以反意疑问句的主谓语应根据主句的主谓语来确定。答案为D项。Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvSince the channel potential varies from zero at the source to VD at the drain, th

25、e local voltage difference between the gate and the channel varies from VG to VG VD.v注意： varies Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit课上作业Motivated by emerging battery-operated applications that demand intensive computation in portable environments, techniques are investigated which reduce power c

26、onsumption in CMOS digital circuits while maintaining computational throughput. Techniques for low-power operation are shown which use the lowest possible supply voltage coupled with architectural, logic style, circuit, and technology optimizations. A 1.5-GHz low noise amplifier (LNA), intended for

27、use in a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, has been implemented in a standard 0.6-m CMOS process. The amplifier provides a forward gain (S21) of 22 dB with a noise figure of only 3.5 dB while drawing 30 mW from a 1.5 V supply. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the LNA architec

28、ture, including a discussion on the effects of induced gate noise in MOS devices. Basic MOS Device PhysicsvThus, the charge density at a point x along the channel can be written asvwhere V(x) is the channel potential at x. Now the current is given byv注意： given byDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circ

29、uit Basic MOS Device Physicsvwhere the negative sign is inserted because the charge carriers are negative and v denotes the velocity of the electrons in the channel.v注意： negative sign; denotes Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvFor semiconductors, v = E, where is the m

30、obility of charge carriers and E is the electric field. Noting that E(x) = - dV / dx and representing the mobility of electrons by n, we havev注意： electric field; represent Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit electric field, representelectric field 电场electric field strength电场强度represent vt. 表现，表

31、示，描绘，代表，象征，说明，阐明 present n. 礼物，现在 adj. 当面的，出席的，现在的 v. 赠送，提出，呈现 Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device Physicsvsubject to boundary conditions V(0) = 0 and V(L) = VDS. While V(x) can be easily found from this equation, the quantity of interest is in fact ID.v注意： subject to, quantity

32、 Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit subject to, quantitysubject to v. 使服从，使遭受 ，受.管制 在商务英语中，subject to.是指xx根据实际情况另付。比如：Air Freight subjects to FSC.就是说：运费不包含燃油附加费。quantitythe quality of products is good(产品的质量很好） the quantity of products is 400(产品的数量为400）Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit B

33、asic MOS Device PhysicsvMultiplying both sides by dx and performing integration, we obtain .v注意： integrationDesign of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvSince ID is constant along the channel,Note that the L is the effective channel length.v注意： constant Design of Analog COMS Int

34、egrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvFigure 2.11 plots the parabolas for different values of VGS, indicating that the “current capability” of the device increases with VGS. v注意parabolas Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit parabola, capabilityparabola抛物线 美 prblcapability talent 是偏向于天赋，特别的才能，

35、特别出色，就不仅仅是胜任ability 通常指人天生的能力，如说话 走路。也泛指人的各种能力，eg ,beyond ones abilitycapacity 指容量，生产的限度capability指人的能力，潜力，学习，做某项工作; Design of Analog COMS Integrated Circuit Basic MOS Device PhysicsvCalculating ID / VDS, the reader can show that the peak of each parabola occurs at VDS = VGS - VTH and the peak current isv注意：p