中考情态动词讲解

1、学习必备欢迎下载【情态动词知识梳理】情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。情态动词有can（could）,may（might）,must,haveto,shall（should,will（would）,dare（dared）,need（needed）,oughtto等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2）情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。3）情态

2、动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。1. can的用法：一、can,could1）表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。表示能力时一般译为能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。Canyouliftthisheavybox?（体力）Marycanspeakthreelanguages.（知识）Canyouskate?（技能）此时可用beableto代替，can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而beableto则有更多的时态。I'llnotbeabletocomethisafternoo

3、n.2）表示请求和允许，常在口语中。CanIgonow?Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?Yes,youcan.（No,I'mafraidnot.）3）表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。They'vechangedthetimetable,sowecangobybusinstead.Thishallcanhold500peopleatleast.4）表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度，

4、用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。此时can'建为不可能”。Canthisbetrue?Thiscan'tbedonebyhim.Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.Canitbeourteacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？学习必备欢迎下载一No,itcan'tbeourteacher.HeisonavisittotheGreatWM能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。【例题】一IthinkMissGaomustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.No.

5、She_bethere,Ihavejustbeenthere.A.can'B.mustn'C.needn'D.wouldn't【解析】根据下文我刚去过那儿”可知，应为不可能"，can'表示推测答案A对比：beableto当表示经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“ca和过去式"couldW种形式，在其他时态中要用beableto来表示。另外beableto常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。Hehasbeenabletodrive.他已经会开车了。I&#

6、39;msureyou'llbeoableshitquickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。Wewereabletoreachthetopofthemountainatnoon.我们能在中午至U达山顶。2. could的用法：(1) can的过去式，意为能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.他十岁时就会写诗。(2) could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如：Couldyoudomeafavour?你能帮我个忙吗？-CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？-Yes,youcan.可以。1. -y

7、ouhelpmeanswerthetelephone?OK.A.CanB.MayC.NeedD.Must2. Tomisyoungbutheflyakitebyhimself.A.canB.mayC.needD.Must3. Listen!IsthatKateplayingthepianointheroom?No.ItbeKate.ShehasgonetoLondon.A.maynotB.needn'tC.mustn'tDan't4. CouldIcrossthestreethere?Ofcourseyou.A.couldB.canC.areabletoD.will5.

8、 -Mum,Iplaycomputergames?-Yes,youcan,butyouhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.wouldB.mustC.mayD.need3. may的用法：(1) .表示请求、许可，比can正式。如：MayIborrowyourbike?我可以借你的自行车吗？Youmaygohomenow.现在你可以回家了。(2)表示推测，谈论可能性，意为可能，或许"，一般用于肯定句中。学习必备欢迎下载如：Itmayraintomorrow.明天可能会下雨。Shemaybeathome.她可能在家呢.may的过去式为might,表示推测时。可

9、能性低于may。如：Heisawayfromschool.Hemightbesick.他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。(4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为祝愿”。通常是用may+主+V例如：Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝你过得愉快。Mayyoubehappy!祝你幸福！Mayyousucceed!祝你成功！对比：maybe和maybe用法区别常用位置maybemay为情态动词，be为动词原形句中，作谓语maybe副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps句首，作状语例如：Hemaybewrong,butI也询的钳are(l我也不确定。【例题】IborrowyourMP3?Sure.Her

10、eyouare.A.MayB.ShouldC.MustD.Would【解析】在此处表示请求，意为做可以吗"。答案：A1. Sheknowtheanswer,butI'mnotsure.A.maybeB.maybeC.mayD.must2. -Tom,don'tdrivetoofastyouhittheothers'cars.-OK.A.mustB.needC.mayD.haveto4. must的用法：.must表示主观看法，意为必须、一定”。如：YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。MustIhandinmy

11、homeworkrightnow?我必须现在交作业吗？(2)must表示有把握的推测，(只用于肯定的陈述句)。如：Thelightison,sohemustbeathomenow.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。You'reTom'sgoodfriend,soyoumustknowwhathelikesbest.(3)其否定形式mustn'表示定不要“千万别”禁止，不许”。如：Youmustn'tplaywithfire你不许玩火。Youmustn'tbela除一定不要迟到。(4)对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn'或don

12、'thaveto.如：-MustIfinishmyhomework?我现在必须完成作业吗？-No,youneedn不，'你不必。学习必备欢迎下载对比havetomust是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时，haveto有更多的时态形式。Theplayisn'tinteresting,Ireallymustgonow.IhadtoworkwhenIwasyourage.Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemid-night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。Ihaven

13、9;tgotanymoneywithme,soI'llhavetoborrowsomefrommyfriend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。1 .Carsandbusesstopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred.A.canB.needC.mayD.must2 .weattendtheparty?No,youneedn't.Youarefree.A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Shall3 .MustIhandinallmymoney,Mum?No,you.Youcanuseittobuysomeschoolthings.A.mustn'B.

14、can'C.needn'D.should4 .You_betiredafterwalkingsuchalongway.Dositdownandhavearest.A.canB.mustC.shouldD.need5. need的用法：(1) need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，意为没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt如：一NeedIstayhereanylonger?我还有必要留在这儿吗？Yes,youmust.是的。一No.youneedn不,t你不必。need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语

15、后边多接动词不定式。如：Ineedtodoitrightnow.我需要马上做这件事。Heneedstolearnmoreaboutthegirl.他需要多了解那个女孩。如果是物作主语，一般用needdoing与needtobedone,这种情况下应注意两点：主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：Thedoorneedspainting.=Thedoorneedstobepainted.那扇门需要油漆下。Yourcarneedsmending.=Yourcarneedstoberepaired.你的车需要维修了。I.Youtot

16、hemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.needn'ttocomB.don'tneedcomC.don'tneedcomingD.needn'tcome2.Let'sgotoTaishanParkbytaxi.It'snotfar.Wetakeataxi.A.needn'B.can'tC.mustn'tD.couldn't7. shall的用法：shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)，学习必备欢迎下载如：Shallwegooutfor

17、awalk?我们出去散步好吗？1) shall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。Whatshallwedothisevening?2) shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Youshallfailifyoudon'twirkl)ard.(HeshallhavethebookwhenIfinishit.(允诺)Heshallbepunished.(威胁)在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。用“Let'sdo.来提出建议。如：Let'sgoforawalkaftersupper.(2)用“What/Howabout？来

18、提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。如：Whatabout/Howaboutadrink?Whatabout/HowabouttakingTomwithus?用“Whynot秣提出建议，表示何不”而后接动词原形。“Whynot预际上是"Whydon'tyou/we.?的简略形式。如：Whynotmeetattheschoolgateateight?Whydon'twestayhereanotherday?用“Wouldyoulike.?来提出建议；意思是你想要吗？"Wouldyoulik诟可接名词或不定式。如：Wouldyoulikeacupoft

19、ea?Wouldyouliketogoandseeher?因此，如果我们说：去游泳好吗？”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shallwegoforaswim?Let'sgoforaswim,shallwe?Whatabout/Howaboutgoingswimming?Whynotgoforaswim?Wouldyouliketogoforaswim?Whatdoyouthinkofgoingforaswim?8. should的用法：(1) should意为应该“，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.我们应该保护环境。Should

20、havedone表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomework.你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)对比：oughtto1) should,oughtto表示应该"，oughtto表示义务或责任，比should语气重。Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.Yououghttotakecareofthebaby.2)表示劝告、建议和命令。should,oughtto可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。Youshould/oughttogotoclassrightaway.ShouldIope

21、nthewindow?3)表示推测学习必备欢迎下载should,oughtto（客观推测）,must（主观推测）。Hemustbehomebynow.（断定他已至U家）Heoughtto/shouldbehomebynow.（不太肯定）Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.（直爽）Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.（含蓄）9. will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：IwillhelpyouifI'mfreest隔间te邮品栽有空，我就会帮你。1）表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will/Wouldyoupass

22、metheball,please?2）表本意志、愿望和决心。Iwillneverdothatagain.Theyaskedhimifhewouldgoabroad.3） would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比usedto正式，且没有现已无此习惯”的含义。Duringthevacation,hewouldvisitmeeveryotherday.Thewoundwouldnotheal.4）表示估计和猜想。Itwouldbeaboutteno'clockwhenshelefthome.注意：1、will在therebe句型中的形式及其句式变换。由于'

23、;般将来时”的结构可以用“will勘词原形”来表示，所以therebe句型的一般将来时的形式就是therewillbe。-（一，定式能说therewillhave）例如：Therearemanystudentsinourschool.fTherewillbemanystudentsinourschool.Therewillbeasportsmeetingnextweek.定不能说:Therewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.2、will与begoingtodosomething区别：参照上节课的讲义。10. hadbetter的用法：hadbetter意为最好”，没

24、有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：hadbetternot。如：Wehadbettergonow.我们最好现在就走。Youhadbetternotgivethebooktohim.你最好不要把这本书给他。考点总结：一、含有情态动词的疑问句的回答：1 .对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：1Yes,youmay.2Yes,ofcourse.3Yes,certainly.4Sure.5No,youcan't.学习必备欢迎下载2 .对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes,must.No,don'thaveto.3 .could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时c

25、ould没有过去式的意思。如:Couldyoudomea你能帮我个忙吗？CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗？Yes,youcan.可以。(注意回答)4 .shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：1Yes,please.2Allright.3No,thankyou.5 .wouldyou的回答方式有以下几种：1Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon2sure.)(I'msorry,Ican3Allright/.)OK/Withpleasure.4Certainly.(No,thankyou.)5Yes,please.考点二

26、：不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：1.(1)can'可译为不会"。如：Ican'tplaybasketba眩不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时，用can'表达不可能。如：Hecan'tbeill.HeisplayingchesswithTomffe不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。can'还可用来回答“MayI这1的问句。如：MayIcomein?我可以进来吗？No,./can不；你不能。(4)can'还可用于固定习语中。can'thelpdoi防不住，情不自禁can'twaittdosomething迫不及待地要做如：She

27、can'thelpcrying不禁大哭起来。Thechildrencan'twaittoopentheiboX门迫不及待地想打开盒子。2.may的否定式为maynot,译成可能不"，如：Hemaynotbeathome.他也许不在家。考点三：情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+be+done(动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。MoreandmoretreesmustbeplantedinChina.在中国必须种植更多的树木。Manyofthestarscannotbeseenbecausetheyarefarawayf

28、romus.很多星星我们都看不到，因为它们离我们太远了。考点四：情态动词表示推测的用法：一、情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：Thatmancan7tbeherhusband,sheisstillsingle.-Whoisknockingatthedoor?-Canitbethepostman?must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：Hemustbeinhisofficenow.MrLimustbeworkingnow,forthelightsinhisofficearestillon.学习必备欢迎下载Theroadiswet.Itmu

29、sthaverainedlastnight.地是湿的，昨天晚上定下雨了。might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。如：Themanmaybetheheadmaster.WhereisMrLi?Hemightbeworkinginhisoffice.MayMrLicome?Hemightnotcomehere.Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如：Coulditbeananimal?Itcouldnotbe,becauseitisnotmoving.Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。如：Itisalready10o

30、9;clocknowtheyshouldbethere.补充：usedtodo/beusedtodoing/beusedtodobeusedfordoing/usedtodo表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用todo,不用doing；而beusedtodoing意为习惯做“，be可有各种时态；beusedtodo意为“被使用去做，为被动语态形式。beusedfordoing用作“如：Myfatherusedtoeatingmeat.我父亲过去起床晚，但现在不得不早起了。Sheisusedtoeatingmeat.她习惯吃肉。Hewasn'tusedtoeatingin

31、arestaura他不习惯在饭店吃饭。Aknifecanbeusedforcuttingthings.（刀可以用来割东西）/Aknifecanbeusedtocutthings.（刀可以用来割东西）三、课后作业：情态动词专项练习题1. -WhereisMary?-Sheinthelibrary.A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.canbeD.musthavebeen2. Hisroomisdark.Hemusttobed.A.goB.begoingC.havegoneD.havebeengone3. “Willyourfatherstayhometonight?""I

32、'mnotsure,Hetowork.”A.mustgoB.cangoC.maybegoneD.maybegoing4. “WhereisTom?""Heisn'thereIthinkhehavegonehome.”A.mayB.mustC.mightD.AorBorC5. “IthinkHelenisathome.”“No,shebeathome,forshephonedmefromtheairportjustfiveminutesago.”A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.daren't6. He

33、9;slate.Whathavehappenedtohim?A.canB.mayC.shouldD,must7. "hebewatchingTVnow?”Yes,hebewatchingTVnow.”No,hebewatchingTVnow.”A.Must;can;mustn'tB.Can;must;can'tC.Must;must;can'tD.Can;can;mustn8. “.Hehaveleftyesterday?”Yes,heyesterday."No,heyesterday.学习必备欢迎下载A.Must;musthaveleft;can&

34、#39;thaveleftB.Can;canhaveleft;can'thaveleftC.9.Can;musthaveleft;can'thaveleftD.May;musthaveleft;shouldnYoumustbeawriter,you?A.10.mustn'tB.areC.mustD.arenYoumusthaveseenheryesterday,you?，tA.11.mustn'tB.haven'tC.didn'tD.donYoumusthaveseenher,you?，tA.12.haven'tB.didn'tC

35、.don'tD.AorBTherewasplentyoftime.Sheworriedorhurried.A.mustn'thaveB.shouldn'thaveC.mustbeD.needn'thavethavele13.Igotupearly,butIsobecauseIhadnoworktodothatmorning.A.mustn'thavedoneB.didntodoQeeeedn'thavedoneD.canthavedone14. Iupearlythismorning.SoIstayedinbedtill9a.m.A.needn&

36、#39;thavegotB.didn'tneedtogetC.shouldn15. Theflowerisdead.Iitmorewater.thavegotD.cantha、A.willgiveB.wouldhavegivenC.mustgiveD.shouldhavegiven16.Hehavecomehereyesterday,buthedidn't.A.couldB.shouldC.oughttoD.AorBorC17. “Musthedoit?”“No,he.”A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.doesn'thavetoD.BorC18.

37、 “Needyougonow?”“Yes,I.”“No,I.”A.need;needn'tB.must;needn'tC.may;mustn't19.“MayIborrowyourbike?”"No,you.”A.mustn'tB.maynotC.hadbetternotD.can20. "CanIdoit?”“No,you."or"No,please.”A.can't;doesn'tB.can't;don'tC.can't;can't21. Imissedthelastbu

38、s,soIgohomeonfoot.A.mustB.havetoC.mayD.hadto22. Wehurryifwewanttoarriveintime.A.mustB.needC.mayD.haveto23. Heoughttohavewonthefirstprize,he?A.oughtn'tB.shouldn'tC.mustn'tD.oughtn24. Hegetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountryside.A.wouldB.usedtoC.mustn'tD.can'tD.can;needn，tD.cant;youdon2

39、5. Mybrotherbeverynaughty,andmysisterlikereading.A.usedto;wouldB.would;usedtoC.usedto;usedtoD.would;would26. youpleasepassonamessagetohim?A.DoB.ShallC.MayD.Will27. wesetoffnow?A.ShallB.WillC.WouldD.ought28. "heopenthewindow?”Yes,please.”A.DoesB.willC.ShallD.Would29. I'vetoldhimmanytimes,but

40、helistentomyadvice.A.shallnotB.won'tC.willnotD.wouldn't30. “Willyoulendmeahand?”“Yes,I.”A.willB.shallC.canD.may学习必备欢迎下载31. EveryonedohisbestforthemodernizationofChina.A.willyouB.don'tweC.shallweD.doyou32. Let'scleanourroom,?A.willyouB.don'tweC.shallweD.doyou33. LetuswatchTV,?A.willyouB.don'tweC.shallweD.doyou34. Closethedoorafteryou,you?A.don'tB.doC.shallD.will35. Everytimehemeetsme,hetome.A.smiledB.wouldsmileC.willsmileD.issmiling36. "youliketoseeafi