上外杯初赛试题-2016v2(1)-精选版整理版

1、2016年“上外杯”上海市高中英语竞赛初赛试题考生注意：一、本卷共10页、77小题，满分100分。答卷时间90分钟。二、本卷所有题目均为 选择题，请将所选答案用 2B铅笔点涂在答题卡上。号证考准I. Grammar (15 分)Directions:For each bla nk in the follow ing p assages there are four words or p hrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or p hrase that best fits the con text.(A)

2、Nowhere in Italy 1 a crisis more beautifully framed than in Venice. Neither landnor water, the city lifts like a mirage from a lago on at the head of the Adriatic. For cen turies it has threatened to vanish 2 the waves of the acqua alta, the relentlessly regular floodingcaused by rising tides and si

3、nking foun dati ons. But3is the least of its p roblems.Just ask Mayor Massimo Cacciari, pro fessor of p hilos op hy, flue nt in Germa n, Lati n, An cie ntGreek. Ask about the acqua alta and Venice4, and he says, So go get boots.”Boots are fine for water, but useless aga inst the flood5causes more co

4、ncern forVen etia ns tha n any Iago on sp illover: the flood of tourism. Number of Ven etia n reside nts in 2007: 60,000. Number of visitors in 2007: 21 millio n.1. A. is2. A. above3. A. that4. A. sunk5. A. whatB. hasB. ben eathB. itB. being sunkB. thatC. there isD. is thereC. overC. thisC. si nki n

5、gC. itD. inD. hereD. sinksD. /名姓校学(B)humans thousands of years to explore our(comp rehe nd) our n eighbori ng plan ets. Nowadays, new worldsplan et, and cen turies 6_7every week.To date, astronomers have identified more than 370 exoplanets”一worlds orbiting stars other than the sun. There is a hot Sa

6、turn ” 260 light-years from Earth that8its parentsso rapi dly that a year there lasts less tha n three days. Circli ng ano ther star 150 light-years out is a scorched hot Jupiter,” 9 upper atmosphere is being blasted off to form a giganticcomet-like tail. Astrono mers have found three plan ets orbit

7、 ing a pu Isarthe rema ins of a once mighty star10 into a spinning atomic nucleus the size of a city. Some worlds haveevidently fallen into their suns. Others11out of their systems to become floaters” thatwan der in eter nal dark ness.Among all these, scie ntists are eager to find a hint of the fami

8、liar: plan ets resembli ng Earth.That is, planets orbiting their stars at just the right distanee neither too hot nor too cold 12 life as we know it. We have not yet found planets that are quite like our own, presumably13they?re inconspicuous.14a planet as small and slim as oursamid the glare of its

9、 star is like trying to see a firefly in a firworks dis play. Yet by pushing tech no logy to the limits, astr ono mers are rapi dly app roach ing the day15they can findIt tookown精选ano ther Earth. And whe n they do, they can in vestigate it for sig ns of life.6. A. comp rehe ndB. comp rehe ndsC. to c

10、omp rehe ndD. comp rehe nding7. A. are discoveredB. are being discoveredC. will be discoveredD. are to be discovered8. A. orbitB. orbit ingC. orbitsD. has orbited9. A. whereB. whoseC. i n whichD. which10. A. shri nkB. shri nksC. shri nkingD. shru nk11. A. have throw nB. are throw ingC. have bee n th

11、row nD. are being throw n12. A. supportB. supportingC. that supportD. to support13. A. whe nB. ifC. becauseD. as14. A. To seeB. SeeC. SeeingD. havi ng see n15. A. thatB. whichC. whe nD. on which（10 分）II. VocabularyDirections: CompI ete the follow ing p assage by using the words in the box. Each word

12、 can only be used on ce. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.A. mimicB. triggeri ngC. groomedD. incorpo rateAB. counterpartAC. out putAD. rocketCD. twinBC. coverageBD. chews upABC. crystallizeAll competitive ski and snowboarding events now take place largely on man-made snow. Un like it

13、s n atural16, the machi ne-made white stuff can be carefully tweaked to make amore durable and consistent surface: one perfect for record-breaking attempts. Snow-making equipment is viewed as essential in most ski areas to guarantee17 throughout theseasons.The snow “annons" or ©uns" t

14、hat manufacture snow18the natural formation ofsnowflakes. Snow machines typically force pressurized water through anozzle （喷嘴）,breakinginto a mist of tiny drop lets, and the n use comp ressed air or fans to blast them into the air. As the dropiets cool, the molecules line and19 into ice particles. T

15、he art to snow-making isadjusti ng the water and air to en sure that the water drops are small eno ugh and sent far eno ugh so that they will freeze before they hit the groun d. If the air temp erature is quite high, for exa mple, dripping the water content and upping the air would create smaller p

16、articles that are more likely to freeze. Snow-making machines also frequently 20 nucleating agents （成核剂）in thewater: small qua ntities of materials such as bacterial p rote in, on to which the water molecules attach and freeze. By21freez ing, these age nts raise the temp erature at which snow canbe

17、made.Many resorts now use sop histicated compu ter systems that automatically adjust the air and water22from snow mach ines based on air temp erature, humidity and wind. For racecourses, experts adjust man-made snow to create a tough, fast and icy course rather than a po wdery one. A ski course is a

18、lso heavily23and ofte n inten ti on ally flooded to createp atches of ice; these factors gen erally determ ine the sp eed of a race.There are other reas ons for snow manu facturi ng to be in dema nd, bey ond the ben efits of having a snow whose properties can be ordered up. Some predict that the nee

19、d for snow will24with the warm ing effects of climate cha nge, which are already pushing snow lines up the Alps. But this comes with environmen tal cost. Making snow25en ergy and water,and can rob rivers and creeks in the surro unding ecosystems. One way to con serve the mountain en viro nment would

20、 be to reuse win ter sports comp etitio n facilities rather tha n buildi ng new on es.III. Cloze ( 25 分)Directions: For each bla nk in the follow ing p assages there are four words or p hrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or p hrase that best fits the con text.(A)When you

21、walk on the streets of cities like New York and Washington, D.C., it?s hard to miss the scuIptures. Many mark parks and neighborhoods. Historic figures often can be seen sta nding up right. Or they can be see n sitt ing on their horses, stoically strik ing a po se. More often than not, these statues

22、 have ano ther thi ng in com mon. It?s their 26. The majority ofp ublic statues in the Un ited States are of men.U.S., only 394 are of27Post?s Cari Shane. Compounding this Nati onal P arks Service, like the specifically28wome n.A group is look ing to cha nge this _Of the estimated 5,193 p ublic stat

23、ues depicting historic figures on dis play throughout the.This is accord ing to a story writte n in 2011 by The Wash ington number, none of the 44 memorials maintained by the Li ncolnMemorial or the Jeffers onMemorial,.29. The group is called Where Are The Wome n?Recently, it successfully campaigned

24、 to have statues of women?s rights pioneers Susan B. An tho ny and Elizabeth Cady Sta nton added to New York?s Central Park. The park, 30,had no statues of non-fictional wome n on its groun ds.The31 of wome n?s rep rese ntati on po ses a p roblem. Leavi ng their stories out fromp ublic art32the sig

25、ni fica nt roles that wome n have p layed in history.Currently, few of the statues that do show women on city streets are33 historicfigures. In stead, wome n ofte n app ear as archet yp es. They are symbols of abstract concep ts. Or they are n ameless figures in a memorial.One camp aig n isn?t eno u

26、gh to solve ongoing issues of gen der discrim in ati on and 34in the U.S. But by p ress ing to honor real wome n from history, cities can restore them to a story that has35 them for so long. After all, as it stands now, only five publicstatues of historic wome n rema in in New York City. The statues

27、 are of Joa n of Arc, Golda Meir, Gertrude Stein, Elea nor Roosevelt and Harriet Tubma n.26. A. styleB. materialC. sizeD. gender27. A. menB. wome nC. leadersD. p oliticia n28. A. con tributes toB. devotes toC. focuses onD. depends on29. A. ratioB. un fair nessC. p rejudiceD. reality30. A. particular

28、lyB. no toriouslyC. deliberatelyD. exclusively31. A. existe neeB. ig noranceC. lackD. absenee32. A. hides awayB. takes awayC. puts awayD. clear away33. A. modeled onB. based onC. deve loped fromD. derived from34. A. povertyB. biasC. in equalityD. gap35. A. shadowedB. fakedC. con cealedD. ig nored但)S

29、uppose that 54.3 percent of your country ? population had cancer. That figure might set off a n ati on wide 36a search for someth ing wrong with peoples diet, the environment,acidity levels. In fact, that ? the percen tage of America ns who show a po sitive skin response to one or more allerge ns.Th

30、e 37of allergy sn eez ing, itchi ng, rashes are sig ns of an immune system running amok, attack ing foreig n in vaders allerge ns that mea n no harm. Allergies38kill. They just make the sufferer miserable sometimes for brief p eriods, and sometimes for life.Allergies are esse ntially an epi demic of

31、 moder ni ty. As coun tries become more in dustrialized, the percentage of population affected by them tends to grow higher. There are remote areas of South America or Africa where allergies are virtually39.Here's how an allergy devel ops: One day, a body is expo sed to a p rote in in someth ing

32、 that seems p erfectly40 the wheat flour, say, in a home-baked muffin. But for some un clearreason, the body looks at the p rote in and sees trouble. There will be no41at first, butthe body is rememberi ng and planning.That first expo sure causes the immune system to p roduce an an tibody called IgE

33、 (immunoglobulin E). Then IgE antibodies attach to certain cells, called mast cells, in tissue throughout the body. There they stay like 42soldiers waiting for war. With a secondexpo sure, even mon ths later, some of the allerge n binds with the IgE on the mast cell. This time the mast cell releases

34、 a flood of43chemicals, which cause in flammatio n and itch ing.There is, unq uesti on ably, a44component to allergies. A child with one asthmaticparent has a good cha nee of deve loping the con diti on. If both parents have asthma, the cha nee of occurre nee in creases.Still, the rise in allergies

35、is too rapid to be explained45by gen etics.The gen eticpool can?t change that much in such a short time, ” says Donald Leung, director of an allergy-immunology program in the U.S. There have to be environmental and 46factors as well. ” Doze ns of theories have blamed every one from urba n Ian dsca p

36、ers for 47 male plants (the ones that produce pollen), to women who don?t breastfeed. Breastfeedi ng, the theory goes, confers greater p rotect ion aga inst allergies.Ano ther p robable factor: diet. Reduced fresh fruit and vegetable in take, more p rocessed food, fewer an tioxida nts, and low in ta

37、ke of some mi nerals these are all show n to be a 48，” says pro fessor of medici ne Harold Nels on, con sidered one of the foremost exp erts on allergies in the U.S.Another prime culprit: environmental pollutants. Exactly what pollutants and in what qua ntities are a49of heated debate. One of doze n

38、s of exa mpl es: Childre n who areraised n ear major highways and are expo sed to diesel fumes from trucks register a(n)50sen sitivity to allerge ns they already react to.36. A. aware nessB. shameC. pan icD. camp aig n37. A. causesB. diag no sisC. featuresD. man ifestatio n38. A. absolutelyB. rarely

39、C. n ormallyD. ran domly39. A. p revale ntB. non existe ntC. availableD. ext inct40. A. harmlessB. popu larC. nu tritiousD. com mon41. A. warnsB. uneaseC. symp tomsD. mistakes42. A. braveB. sop histicatedC. waryD. skillful43. A. i nfectiousB. poisonousC. annoyingD. irritati ng44. A. relativeB. hered

40、itaryC. occasi onalD. n atural45. A. mai niyB. defi nitelyC. n ecessarilyD. solely46. A. behavioralB. huma nC. socialD. emotio nal47. A. avoidi ngB. pro moti ngC. plan ti ngD. favori ng48. A. ven tureB. reas onC. riskD. chanee49. A. sourceB. poolC. focusD. top ic50. A. flexibleB. mildC. in creasedD.

41、 threate ningIV. Reading com prehension Section A (10 分)review of a scienee documentary series on TV. ForDirections:You are going to read four questi ons 1-10, choose from the reviews (A-D). The reviews may be chose n more tha n once.Reviews of TV science documentary seriesP aul Hansen looks at the

42、latest scie nee p rogrammes.A Science for AllFort un ately for me and non-scie ntists everywhere, the makers of Scienee for All are there to plug the gaps in our kno wledge. The series is rather like a kno wledgeable parent who doesn? mind being p estered by wide-eyed and curious childre n: It takes

43、 the time to explain all those fasci nati ng mysteries of n ature in an en terta ining and un dersta ndable way. The last series opened my eyes to all manner of in teresti ng facts and demystified some of the p roblems faced by moder n p hysics. And the new series show no lack of inspi rati on for s

44、ubjects to tackle: everyth ing from the existe nee of life on other plan ets to the odd prop erties of huma n memory are rightly considered suitable subjects. So, while it ? a shame that factual p rograms are gett ing in creas in gly scarce these days, it?s a comfort that Science for All shows no si

45、g ns of dipping in quality or disa pp eari ng from p ublic view.C Stars and P lanetsThe sec ond series of Stars and Plan ets is an atte mpt to take adva ntage of the success of the first, which unexp ected gained a substa ntial gen eral audie nee. Like its p redecessor, this isB Out in Sp aceAlthoug

46、h I wasn ? expecting much from this series, I?m pl eased that the p roducers of Out in Sp ace p ersisted with their unpro mis ing subject .In the course of the first p rogram we learn about hurrica nes, deserts, and even how the Moon was made; a bewilderi ng mix of phenomena that, we were assured, w

47、ere all caused by events bey ond our plan ets? atmos phere. That?s not to say the p rogram explored them in any great detail, p referri ng to ski p breathlessly from one to the n ext. The esse ntial logic of the series seemed to be that if you take any n atural phenomenon and ask why? ” eno ugh time

48、s, the an swer will eventually be that it ? something to do with sp ace. The two p rese nters atte mp ted to get it all to fit together, by tak ing part in excit ing activities. Sadly, these only occasi on ally succeeded.D Robot TechnologyThis groun d-break ing scie needocume ntary series follows a

49、group of exp erts as they atte mpt to build a compi ete artificial huma n from robotic body p arts. The p rojectbig on amaz ing p hotogra phy and fabulous grap hics, most of which are much less successful at com muni cati ng the imme nsity of the ideas in volved tha n one huma n being talk ing to yo

50、u directly. This time the scope is give n wider, astr ono mically sp eak ing. What we are being in troduced to here are ambitious ideas about time and sp ace, and the p rese nter succeeds rather better tha n you might exp ect. It helps that he doesn? go too dee p, as once you start thinking about it

51、 this is tricky stuff to get your head around. The point of such p rograms is less to explain every detail tha n to arouse a gen eralized sense of amazeme nt that might lead to further thinking, and Stars and Planets is certa inly good at that.sees scie ntists use the latest tech no logy from the wo

52、rl ds most renowned research cen ters andmanu facturers. It is the realizati on of a Ion g-held dream to create a huma n from manu factured p arts, using everyth ing from bionic arms and mecha ni cal hearts, eye implants and microchi p brains. The series explores to what exte nt moder n tech no logy

53、 is cap able of rep laci ng body p arts or even improving their abilities. The p rese nter, very approp riately, has an artificial hand himself. This ambitious series gives us a guided tour of the won ders of moder n tech no logy. Though it can be a slightly up setti ng journey at times, it en gages

54、 the audie nee in a revoluti on that is cha nging the face of medici ne.In which review does it say that:51. an effort was made to connect a nu mber of un related issues?52. the topics covered are well chose n?53. viewers are show n how scie nee can occasi on ally do better tha n n ature?54. the ser

55、ies deals with someth ing people have hoped to achieve for a while?55. the series unfortunately didn ? spend a lot of time explaining the topics covered?56. viewers are clearly in formed?57. it?5 good that viewers are not required to con sider all asp ects of the subject carefully?58. the series was

56、 worth making des pite the topic not app eari ng very in teresti ng at first?59. viewers may not always find the series comfortable to watch?60. the series achieves its aims by ast onishing its viewers?Section B ( 22 分)11*2Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several

57、questions or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best accord ing to the in formati on give n in the p assage you have just read.(A)Green fingersIt n ever occurred to me when I was little that garde ns were anything less tha n glamorous p laces. Gran ddad?sgarde n was on the bank of a river and sloped gen tly dow n towards the water. You couldn ? reach the