八年级英语语法句型词汇

1、初二英语重点初二英语重点语法、句型、词汇宾语从句 考查要点位置连词语序时态否定前移与疑问词+to do的关系辨别：if/when; if/whether宾语从句的位置怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？1. 在动词后作宾语在动词后作宾语(动宾动宾): Do you know where he comes from? 划线部分是动划线部分是动词词know的宾语的宾语.2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语: He asked me when we would leave. 此句中此句中me与从与从句句when-分别是分别是ask的宾语的宾语。3.

2、在介词后作宾语在介词后作宾语(介宾介宾)： Lets talk about how we solve this problem. 4.在在Im sorry, Im afraid, Im sure等结构后的句等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句子也被认为是宾语从句.宾语从句的连词1、主句、主句+that（无词义，可省略）（无词义，可省略）+从句从句（陈述句语序）（陈述句语序）2、主句、主句+whether / if （是否）（是否）+从句（陈述从句（陈述句语序）句语序）3、主句、主句+疑问词疑问词+从句（陈述句语序）从句（陈述句语序） 疑问词包括疑问词包括疑问代词疑问代词（what, which,

3、who, whose) 和和疑问副词疑问副词（when, how, where, why)。 宾语从句的时态 宾语从句需注意的时态问题宾语从句需注意的时态问题:1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。He says (that) he will have a walk soon. （soon指将来，从句用将来时指将来，从句用将来时） The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. （暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时） I want to know w

4、ho came here late this morning. （今早已过去，从句用过去时今早已过去，从句用过去时）2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。 He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well. She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr. Li said the m

5、oon is smaller than the earth.宾语从句的语序宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈陈述句语序述句语序。 Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是不是will you） Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是不是is she)辨别“when”的用法：的用法：“when”既可以引导既可以引导宾语从句宾语从句，又可以引导，又可以引导时间状时间状语从句语从句。(1) “when” 引导宾语从句时译为引导宾语从句时译为 “何时

6、，什么时候何时，什么时候”。如：如：I dont know when he will come. 我不知道他什么时候会来。我不知道他什么时候会来。(2) “when” 引导时间状语从句时译引导时间状语从句时译 为为 “当当时时”。如：如：Patients can find us easily when they are in need. 当病人有需要时，他们能够很容易地就找到我们。当病人有需要时，他们能够很容易地就找到我们。辨别“ if ”引导的宾语从句时意为引导的宾语从句时意为 “是否是否”。“ if ”引导条件状语从时，意为引导条件状语从时，意为 “如果如果”。如：（如：（1）I want

7、 to know if its polite to smoke during a meal in France.我想知道在法国吃饭我想知道在法国吃饭时抽烟时抽烟是否是否有礼貌。有礼貌。 ( 2) If a fat person enters your shop, youd better ask him or her to a coat in a dark color. 如果如果有一个比较胖的人进到你的店里，你最有一个比较胖的人进到你的店里，你最好让他（她）试深色的衣服。好让他（她）试深色的衣服。辨别whether与与if引导宾语从句时，一般可以通引导宾语从句时，一般可以通用。但在下列情况下，用

8、。但在下列情况下，whether不可换不可换if。(1) Whether后面紧跟有后面紧跟有or not时。时。如：如：I dont know whether or not it rains.我我不知道是否会下雨。不知道是否会下雨。(2) whether 用在带有用在带有to的动词不定式之前。的动词不定式之前。如：如：Please tell us whether to go or stay. 请告诉我们是去还是留。请告诉我们是去还是留。疑问词+不定式“疑问代词或疑问副词+不定式”相当于名词性短语，在句中作主语，宾语和表语。如： When to start has not been decide

9、d.(作主语） The question is how to carry out the plan.(作表语） I dont know whether to accept it or not.(作宾语） 这种结构可以和宾语从句互相转换。如： I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do.练习1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. whatD. i

10、f2. I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know _ the old m an is.They say he is a teacher. A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. A. that how B. how tha

11、t C. when that D. that when5. Do you know _ Im going to see him.Sorry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived练习6. W here do you think _ he _ the computerSorry, I have no idea. A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy7. I

12、 dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrongC. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is JackHe is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ . A. that B. which C. where D. there否定前移在think / believe / supp

13、ose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去。(注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称)eg. I dont think you are right . I dont believe they have finished their work yet.状语从句while+主语+be doingthough/although与butbecause与sobecause与because ofsothatso thatsuchthatasas/notso (as)as主将从现状语从句He ran so fast that we could

14、nt follow him. 他跑得太快，我们跟不上。他跑得太快，我们跟不上。The desk is so heavy that I cant carry it. 这张桌子太重，我搬不动。这张桌子太重，我搬不动。The baby is so young that he cant walk. 这个小孩太小，还不会走路。这个小孩太小，还不会走路。sothat 有时可以换成有时可以换成“such a/an 形容词名词形容词名词”句型。句型。The book is so interesting that I read it in one breath.=It is such an interestin

15、g book that I read it in one breath.当名词被当名词被many, much , little, few等修饰时，等修饰时，一般用一般用 so,而不用而不用 such。如：。如： I have so much work to do that I have no time to rest.主将从现当主句为将来时态或含有将来意义时，时间状语从句习惯上要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。 I will come to see you if I have time. 我有时间，我就来看你。 If the rain stops, I shall go ou

16、t for a walk. 如果雨停了，我就出去散步。Do it before you forget.（祈使句） 趁早动手，免得忘了。 If we ride at night, we should have lights on the bicycle or wear light- colored clothes.（含情态动词）（含情态动词） 如果如果在晚上骑车，我们应该使用车灯或穿浅色的衣服在晚上骑车，我们应该使用车灯或穿浅色的衣服 。 动词不定式肯定式：to do sth.否定式: not to do sth.省略to的不定式：听观使让帮，请最好不带to为什么不呢？疑问词+不定式：what

17、to do/how to do itIts+ adj.+ (for sb.) +to do sth.tooto do sth.in order to do sth.allow/advise sb. (not) to do sth.比较级much/a little/even+比较级+than比较级 + and +（同一）比较级more and more + 多音节原级The +比较级, the +比较级最高级(the)+最高级 + in/of短语one of the +最高级+复数名词并列结构bothandeitherorneithernornot onlybut also动词ing短语be w

18、orth/busy doinggo on doingstopfrom doingfeel like doinghave fun doingcant help doingavoid doingfinish doingenjoy/like/love doingbe/get used to doinglook forward to doingcome into being词义辨析cost/take/pay/spendreach/arrive/get toother/another/the otherbeat/wintoo/also/either/as well-ed/-ingfor example/

19、 such asalone/lonelywish/hopebe made of/be made from形容词与副词的用法系动词+形容词形容词+名词something+形容词动词+副词（-ly）形容词/副词+enough方位表达法不同介词表达方位的用法：不同介词表达方位的用法：1. to the + 方位名词方位名词+ of 指互不接壤并互不管辖指互不接壤并互不管辖的两个地区。的两个地区。Japan is to the east of China.（不接壤）（不接壤）2. in the + 方位名词方位名词+ of 指在某一范围之内的指在某一范围之内的 地地区。区。Beijing is in

20、the north of China.（在内部）（在内部）3. on the + 方位名词方位名词 + of 指互相接壤但互不管指互相接壤但互不管辖的两个地区。辖的两个地区。North Korea is on the northeast of China.（接壤）（接壤）词的用法hardlywarnexceptstophappenenoughseemmakeanother( )1. How much did you _ buying the new bike?Three hundred yuan. A. payB. costC. takeD. spend( )2. Kates grandmot

21、her lives in a house_, but she doesnt feel _. A. alone; aloneB. lonely; lonelyC. alone; lonelyD. lonely; alone( )3. Whats the matter with Tom? He seems _ sad.His pet dog died. A. feelB. feelsC. to feelD. feeling( )4. Shall we go hiking this weekend?Sounds _. A. goodB. wellC. good ideaD. bad( )5. The

22、re is _ with my watch, so I dont know the time. Let me have a look. A. something wrong B. anything wrongC. wrong somethingD. wrong anything( )6. The weather in Beijing is not _ good _ that in Hainan. A. as; thanB. so; as C. than; asD. as; so( )7. Why does Jane feel so upset?She failed the exam and s

23、he has no friends _. A. talkingB. talking withC. to talkD. to talk with( )8. The little girl felt upset _ her pet dog died. A. whyB. because ofC. becauseD. what( )9. His mother gets up at 6:00 a. m. every day. She is used to _ early to make breakfast for the family. A. get upB. getting upC. gets upD

24、. got up( )10. The soft music sounds _. We are all listening _. A. beautiful; carefullyB. beautifully; carefullyC. moving; carefulD. happily; careful( )11. I think Helen studies English as _ as Lucy. I dont think so. Helen often makes mistakes. A. carefulB. carefullyC. more carefulD. more carefully(

25、 )12. Beth is _ shy girl that she is always afraid _ in public. I think she should talk to her friends first. A. a such; speakB. such a; of speakingC. a so; speakD. so a; of speaking( )13. _ Mr. Zhang gave us some good suggestions, we still didnt deal with those problems very well. A. ThoughB. ButC.

26、 BecauseD. /( )14. Mr. Li is ill. Let Mr. Wang _ us instead of him. A. to teachB. teachC. teachesD. taught( )15. New York is one of _ in the world. A. the large citiesB. the large cityC. the largest citiesD. the largest city( )16. What _ news!Yes, all of the children were _. A. excited; excitingB. e

27、xciting; excitedC. excited; excitedD. exciting; exciting( )17. Helen is 15 years old, and Joan is 15, too. So Helen is _ Joan. A. as big asB. as older asC. as old asD. so old as( )18. Let me just _ this and then Ill go swimming with you. A. finish B. to finishC. finishingD. finished( )19. Tom didnt

28、go hiking with his classmates _ his illness. A. becauseB. because ofC. as D. since( )20. Mr. Li makes me _, because it is bad for my health. A. dont smokeB. not smokeC. not smokingD. not to smoke ( )21. Its impossible for us _ there on foot in two hours. A. to get B. getC. gettingD. got( )22. Though

29、 Mike is _ boy, he can say many words. How clever!A. an-one-year-oldB. a one-year-oldC. an one-year oldD. a one-year old( )23. What did the teacher say just now?He asked them _ the math problem. A. discussingB. discussedC. to discuss D. discuss( )24. How much did your new car _ you?￥800 000. A. spen

30、dB. payC. costD. take( )25. They will decide whether _ the movie The Sound of Music at the cinema. A. seeB. to seeC. seeingD. saw( )26. Where is Japan, do you know?Its _ the east of China. A. inB. atC. toD. on( )27. Mary cant help _ the house. Why?Because she is busy _ a hotel reservation. A. to cle

31、an; makingB. cleaning; makingC. cleaning; to makeD. to clean; to make( )28. My father was watching TV _ my mother was cooking.A. when B. until C. while D. as soon as( )29. Mr. Green _ go to bed _ he finished his work last night. A. does; untilB. dont; untilC. didnt; untilD. isnt; until( )30. The off

32、icial was looking at a postcard sadly _ his workmate came in. A. while B. whenC. afterD. before ( )31. Im sorry that John is out. Please ask him to call me as soon as he _. A. returnedB. returnsC. will returnD. is returning( )32. The girls _ the boys in that exciting football match. How surprising!A

33、. winB. beatC. hitD. hurt( )33. She didnt have a rest and _. A. continue workingB. go on workingC. went on to workD. went on working( )34. Jack is a little _ than Peter. A. strongB. strongerC. strongestD. the strongest( )35. At last, the truck avoided _ the tree. A. hitB. to hit C. hittingD. hits( )

34、36. Li Leis legs were _ in the traffic accident yesterday. A. badly hurt B. bad hurtC. hurtsD. hurt bad( )37. Miss Li warns us _ loudly in the classroom. A. not speakB. not speakingC. not to speakD. dont speak( )381. China is _ the west of Japan and _ the east of Asia. A. in; to B. to; inC. on; to D

35、. at; in( )39. They _ Miss Brown at the airport when she arrives this afternoon. A. will meetB. metC. meetD. meets( )40. I think Mike is _ student in my class. A. more carefulB. the most carefulC. carefulD. careless ( )41. If it _ tomorrow, I _ not go there by bike. A. rained; willB. rains; willC. i

36、s going to rain; doD. rains; do( )42. As soon as the teacher came in, the boys stopped _. A. laughB. to laughC. laughingD. laughed( )43. Tom misses his brother very much and he is looking forward _ him. A. to hear fromB. hearing fromC. to hearing fromD. heard from( )44. What beautiful clothes you ar

37、e wearing! They must be expensive. No. They only _ me fifty yuan. A. cost B. spentC. paid forD. took( )45. When Jane heard the news, she couldnt help _. A. to cry B. cryC. criedD. crying( )46. My father doesnt have much money. I dont have, _. A. tooB. alsoC. stillD. either( )47. Mom, my classmates i

38、nvited me _ a field trip. May I go with them?OK. A. go onB. to go onC. go in D. to go in( )48. Please be quick, or we will have no time _ have lunch. A. to B. inC. onD. /( )49. Li Lei isnt _ Liu Ming. A. tall asB. as taller as C. as tall asD. as the taller as( )50. The old man lives _ but he doesnt

39、feel _. A. lonely; aloneB. alone; aloneC. alone; lonelyD. lonely; lonely ( )51. It is not right _ in public places. A. smokesB. smokingC. smokedD. to smoke( )52. She will call you if she _. A. goes toB. go backC. come backD. comes back( )53. She didnt sing the song _ at the party last night. A. enou

40、gh goodB. well enoughC. enough wellD. good enough( )54. Shall we invite our English teacher to the food festival?Thats a good idea! But I _ think she _ come. A. dont; willB. /; wontC. wont; willD. do; wont( )55. Could I have _ bottle of apple juice, please?Of course. Here you are. A. anotherB. other

41、 C. the other D. others( )56. I dont know _ its polite or not to eat with our arms or elbows on the table in America. A. ifB. whetherC. weatherD. which( )57. I want to know if Bob _ us in the discussion tonight. I believe if he _ his homework, he will join us. A. will join; will finishB. will join;

42、finishesC. joins; finishesD. joins; will finish( )58. Not only you but also I _ interested in the English song Yesterday Once More. A. amB. areC. wasD. were( )59. Remember, everyone. _ you study, _ result youll get. We get it(明白), Miss Read. A. The better; the harderB. The harder; the betterC. The h

43、ard; the betterD. The harder; the good( )60. My little sister likes some soft drinks, _ tea, milk and lemonade. A. for exampleB. such as C. looks likeD. is like ( )61. With Xu Mings help, Zhang Lin does his homework _ than before. A. more carefulB. more carefullyC. much carefulD. much carefully( )62

44、. This book is very interesting, so it is worth _. A. read B. readingC. to readD. be read( )63. The teacher said that the moon _ around the earth. A. went B. goesC. goD. is going( )64. When you go to a dinner party, you should _. A. speak quietB. speak quietlyC. speak fewD. spoke quietly( )65. Which

45、 one goes _, the car, the train or the plane?A. fastB. the fastestC. fastestD. the most fast( )66. The menu has so many good things! I cant decide _. A. what to eatB. how to eatC. where to eatD. when to eat( )67. _ Lily _ Milly likes pizza. They often say pizza is very delicious. A. Either; orB. Nei

46、ther; norC. Not only; but alsoD. Both; and( )68. Mr. Tong asked us _ be afraid of _ the exam. A. to; haveB. not to; haveC. to; havingD. not to; having( )69. Hows the weather tomorrow?I dont know if it _ tomorrow. Well, if it _, I wont go out with you.A. will rain; will rainB. rains; rainsC. rains; w

47、ill rainD. will rain; rains( )70. This purse is made _ leather _ France. A. of; by B. by; fromC. from; inD. of; in ( )71. Did you see who the driver was? No, the car ran so fast _ I couldnt have a good look at his face. A. thatB. whichC. asD. after( )72. Did Mr. White tell you _? Yes. He said he wen

48、t there in 2003. A. when he traveled to TibetB. how he goes to WuhanC. where he spent his holidaysD. why did he visit Kunming( )73. Jim said the book _ very interesting. A. beB. isC. wasD. are( )74. None of the shoes in the shop fit me well. They are _ too big _ too small. A. both; andB. either; orC. not only; but alsoD. not; but( )75. The policeman asked the child _ so that he