最新精选(人教版)2019版八年级英语上册期末复习知识点总结(已纠错)

1、/Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?Activities ： (写出动词过去式)go on vacation 去度假 be on vacation 度假stay at home 待在家里go to the mountains 去爬山go to the beach 去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp 去参观夏令营quite a few相当多 study for为而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good 尝起来很好吃have a good time 玩得高兴of cour

2、se 当然feel like 给的感觉；感受到 feel like doing sthgo shopping 去购物in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 because of 因为one bowl of 一碗 the next day 第二天 drink tea 喝茶 find out 找出；查明 go on 继续take photos 照相something important 重要的事up and down 上上下下come up 出来不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, m

3、any, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a)few, （a） little, both, enough, every 等，以及由some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词（即somebody, anyone,nothing 等 ）。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词none 以及由 some, any,no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而no 和 every 则只用作定语。复合不定代词：由some， any， no， every 加上 -body,-one,-thing

4、 构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。somebody = someone 某人anybody = anyone 任何人nobody = no one 没有人，不重要的人everybody = everyone 每人 ,人人,所有人词组： for nothing（ 徒劳，没有好结果，免费It s nothing. （ 不用谢，不必在意）（ 1）复合不定代词只相当于名词, 在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。something 某物，某事anything 什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物nothing 没有东西，什么也没有; 不重要的人或事everything 每一个事物，一切） ， not

5、hing but（ 仅仅，只不过） ，anybody else（ 别人 ）而不能作定语。Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。（作主语）I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。（作宾语）That's nothing.没什么。（作表语）2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。（3）代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词，用 it;代替与-body,-one构成的复合不定代词，一般用 they ,在正式文体中可用he。如： Everyone knows what they have to do, don' t

6、they ?Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn ' t he ?每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？（2） something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于 否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句 中。I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（肯定句）Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。（肯定句）Has anything happened ?出什么事了吗？（疑问句）We can't decide

7、anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。（否定句）If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句）（3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词）This is something special .这是种特别的东西。（形容词）Is there anything important in today''s newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词）Do yo

8、u want anything to drink?你想喝点什么吗?If there is anything I can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的， 请告诉我。除与-thing 构成的复合不定代词夕卜，即 everyone 、 everybody 、 someone , somebody 都有所有格 形式；当其后有 else 时，'要力口在 else 后面。如：That must be somebody else' s coat; it isn ' t mine. 那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 everyone=eve

9、rybody, anyone=anybody,只指人， 不能与 of 短语连用； every one, anyone可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。如：Is anybody here?有人吗？You can take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。与some- , any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any 的用法相同。与 any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于 否定句或疑问句 中，notany -构成完全否定，但没有any- - not的说法；与some-构成的复合不定代词用于 肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中【巧记复合代词分合】：分合

10、皆能单独用，后加 of合不成。【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj.尝起来look+adj.看起来smell闻起来 sound听起来feel感觉起来 taste deliciouslook beautiful smell terrible sound wonderful feel comfortable /tired / bored/ nothingbut+动词原形除了之外什么都没有seem+ (to be) + adj. 看起来 No one seem

11、ed to be bored.seem to do sth.arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去

12、做某事keep doing sth.继续做某事keep on doing sth.反复做某事有小停歇Why not do. sth.?为什么不做 呢？so+adj.+that+从句 如此以至于it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth 对某人来说做 怎么样tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth.要求某人(不要)做某事 want sb. (not) to do sth.想要某人(不要)做某事1. anywhere 与somewhere两者者B是 anywhere在任何地方,常用于否定句和疑问

13、句中。I can' t find it anywhere.somewhere 在某处，至U某处，常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容词 看起来一 . You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a coldI seems / seemed + 从句看起来好像一；彳以乎一. It seems that no one believe you.seem like .好像, 似乎 . It seems like a god idea.3. dec

14、ide to do sth. 决定做某事They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与 begin 互换 。He started doing his homework.但以下几种情况不能用 begin .1）创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.2）机器开动：I can ' t start my car.3）出发，动身： I wil

15、l start tomorrow morning.5. over介词，多于，超过，在以上（表示数目、程度） =more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超过： I hear the news over the radio.遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多,后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much

16、太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。We have too much work to do.Don' t talk too much.Much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。The hat is much too big for me.You' re walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀：too much, much too,用法区别看后头：much后接不可数，too后修饰形或副。too many要记住，后面名词必复数。7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He can ' t take a wal

17、k because of the rain.because连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。I don ' t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.Unit2 How often do you exercise?help with housework 帮助做家务on weekends 在周末 how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不once a week 每周一次twice a month 每月两次 every day 每天 be free 有空swing dance 摇摆舞 play tenni

18、s 打网球go to the movies 去看电影 use the Internet 用互联网 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动be good for对有好处sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光be bad for对有坏处sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间/金钱be good with与友好相处sb. spend time /money in doin

19、g sth.在做某事上花费时间/金钱be good at sth./ doing sth 擅长某事 /做某事be friendly with sb.与某人友好相处be friendly to sb.对某人友好be kind to sb.对某人友好 go camping去野营not at all 一点儿也不 in one's free time在某人的业余时间the most popular最受欢迎的such as 比如；诸如 01d habits die hard 积习难改go to the dentist 去看牙医morn than 多于； 超过 less than 少于help s

20、b. with sth.帮助某人做某事How about ?怎么样？ /好不好？want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ 有多少 ？主语+find+that从句.发现It 's+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的的。ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事by doing sth.通过做某事What's your favorite?你最喜爱的 是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式Which do you like bes

21、t?你最喜欢词语辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once , twice, three times 等词语。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how for 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How far is it from here to the park? Its about

22、 2kilometers.2. free空闲的，有空的，反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.I ll be free next week. = I1l have time next week.还可作“免费的、自由的"解。 be free to do sth.自由地做某事。The tickets are free.You 're free to go or to stay.3. How come ?怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句 why,但how come开头的特殊疑问句使用

23、的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didn 't come to the party? = Why didn't Tom come to the party?4. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。Don t stay up late next time.stay up 指 “熬夜, 不睡觉” 。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5. go to bed 强调"上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep

24、 强调 “入睡，睡着，进入梦乡“ 。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6. find + 宾语 + 名词，发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词，发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词，发现：I found her standing at the door.7. percent百分数， 基数词+ percent : percent没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断 谓语的单复数。Forty perce

25、nt of the students in our class are girls.Thirty percent of time passed.8. more than超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于over.在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：lessthan.I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。I m afraid we can 't come here on time.be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事；be

26、 afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark.Don't be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心：I'm afraid I have to go now.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time的区另1J ：sometimes 频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I

27、 get up very early. How often do you get up?sometime 副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词 when./I will go to Shanghai sometime next week.When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times名词词组，几次，几倍。其中 time是可数名词，对它提问用 how many times.I have read the story some times. How many times have you read the

28、story?some time 名词短语，一段时间.表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.I ll stay here for some time.How long will you stay here?Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom.That s Tara, isn 't it?Are you as friendly as your sister?I

29、m shy so it s not easy for me to make friends.more outgoing 更夕卜向as as与一样 the singing competition 唱歌比赛be similar to与相像的/类似的be the same as和相同；与一致be different from 与不同care about 关心；介意 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾be like a mirror 像一面镜子 the most important 最重要的as long as只要；既然bring out使显现；使表现出get better g

30、rades取得更好的成绩reach for伸手取in fact事实上；实际上make friends交朋友 the other其他的touch one's heart感动某人 be talented in music 有音乐天赋be good at擅长be good with 善于与 相处have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣be good at doing sth擅长做某事make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth.想要做某事as+adj./adv.的原级+as与一样It's+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某

31、人来说，做某事 的。词语辨析：laugh v. & n.笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke.她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke.听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。/（与at连用）嘲笑Don't laugh at him.别嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by seamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。Everyone lau

32、ghed at his foolish antics.大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。We had a good laugh at his joke.我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj.虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 =althoughThough it was raining , he went there.虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy.虽然他很穷却很快乐。注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用 but。如:Though he was poor, but he was happy.（误）though

33、adv.不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。Jim said that he would come, he didn , though.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really ; 2）比较级，表示“较"或"更"的意思（两者之间进行比较）,标志词than,A or B,of the two,修饰词much,a lot,alittle ; 3）最高级，表示“最 ”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带in （of）短语来什么比

34、较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：构成方法原级比较级最tWj级单音一般在词尾加-er或-esthighhigherhighest节词shortshortershortest和部以字母e词尾的词，加latelaterlatest分双-r 或-stfinefinestfinest首IJ重读闭音节词词尾只hothotterhottest词宿一个辅音字母时，先bigbiggerbiggest双与辅首字母， 再加-erthinthinnerthinnestfatfatterfattest或-est以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“ y”改为“ i”，再加-er 或-estfunnye

35、asyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音节beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful词和部在词前力口 more或mostathleticmore athleticmost athletic分双音outgoingmore outgoingmost outgoing节词形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化:原级比较级最局级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther （更远）furth

36、er （更深远）farthest（最远）furthest （最深远）as（原级）as与样 notas/soas不如Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.Unit4 What s the best movie theater?1. It has the biggest screens.2. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.3. How do you like it so

37、 far?到目前为止，你认为它怎么样?4. Thanks forget telling me.5. Can I ask you some questions?movie theater 电影院close to 离近 clothes store 服装店 in town 在镇上so far到目前为止10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10分钟的路程talent show才艺表演in common 共同； 共有around the world 世界各地； 全世界more and more越来越/and so on等等all kinds of各种各样的be up to是的职责；由 决定not

38、everybody并不是每个人make up编造（故事、谎言等） play a role in在方面发挥作用/有影响for example例如takeseriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物吗？come true （梦想、希望）实现；达到 Can I ask you some？我能问你一些How do you like？你认为怎么样？ Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。得多What do you think of？你认为怎么样？much+ adj./adv.的比较级 watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事play a role in d

39、oing sth. 发挥做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色 one of+可数名词的复数形容词和副词的最高级-er ，最高级有变化，词尾加上-est，词尾若是哑音e, 直接加 r 就可以，词尾若是哑音e, 直接加上-st，辅音字母加y, 记得把 y 变 i 加 -er,辅音字母加y, y 变 i 再加 -est,一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-er，一辅重读闭音节，末尾双写加-est，形副音节123，比较等级more 在前。形副单词多音节，最高级前the most。/1 .表示由动词加-ing 或 -ed 构成的形容词。2 .表示由形容词加后缀-ly构成的副词。3 .表示部分双音节及多音节词

40、。tall- tallershort- shorterlong- longerfat- fatterheavy- heavierthin - thinnercute - cuterclever- clevereststrict - stricterkind - kindernice - nicercalm - calmerwild - wildersmart - smarterquiet - quieterloud-loudershy - shierlovely - lovelierpretty- prettierugly-uglierfunny - funnierfriendly -frie

41、ndlier / less friendlyhappy-happierlazy - lazierpopular - more popular outgoing - more outgoing talented - more talentedserious more/less seriousactive - more activeathletic -more athletichandsome -more handsomebeautiful - more beautiful hardworking more/ less hardworking( jump) high - higher( run )

42、 fast - faster( work ) hard - harder( get up ) early - earlierlate - later( sing ) well - sing better ( dance ) well - dance better( play basketball ) well - (play basketball ) betterbe good at - be better at( feel )good - ( feel )better(sing) clearly - (sing) more clearly (speak) loudly - (speak) m

43、ore loudlycalmly - more calmlywildly - more wildlyquietly - more quietlyseriously -more seriouslyactively - more activelyUnit5 Do you want to watch a game show?think of认为 learn from从获得；向学习 find out查明；弄清楚 talk show谈话节目game show 游戏节目 soap opera月巴皂居1go on发生 watch a movie 看电影a pair of双；对 try one's b

44、est尽某人最大努力as famous as与样有名have a discussion about 就讨论 one day 有天 such as 例如 dress up打扮； 梳理take sb. s place 代替；替换do a good job 干得好something enjoyable 令人愉快的东西interesting information 有趣的资料one of之一 look like 看起来像around the world 全世界 a symbol of的象征let sb. do sth.让某人做某事plan to do sth.计划/打算做某事hope to do st

45、h.希望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事expect to do sth.盼望做某事How about doing？做怎么样？be ready to do sth.乐于做某事try one's best to do sth.尽力做某事1.the other, the others, other, others,another辨析the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个另一个时，常用 one - the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the

46、other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others特指某一范围内的其他的(人或物)，是 the other的复数形式，相当于 the other+ 复数名词。the other + 复数名词 =any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me.I ' m different from Jeff because I ' m lou

47、der than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.other作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.another泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I don ' t like this one. Please show

48、me another one.3 .find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4 . go on 发生，与 take place 同义I wonder what was going on.翻译：隔壁发生了什么?L1. happen v.发生，一般指 偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/

49、某时发生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen v ,表示"碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰工厅".Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.* take place意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：Great changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Fri

50、day.2. expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：1) expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计可能发生。I m expecting Li Lin s letter.2) expect to do sth. 预计做某事Lily expects to come back next week.3) expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事I expect my mother to come back early.4) expect + 从句 预计I expected that I ll come back next Monday.7. serious

51、a. 严肃的，认真的。He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 对某人 /某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth.对某事当真He s serious about selling his house.take sth. seriously 认真对待某事动词不定式做宾语Unit6 I m going to study computer science.grow up 成长； 长大 every day 每天 b

52、e sure about对有把握 make sure确信； 务必send to把送至U be able to 能 the meaning of的意思 different kinds of 不同种类的write down写下；记下have to do with关于；与有关系take up开始做；学着做hardly ever几乎不；很少tooto太而不能/太以至于不能be going to+ 动词原形打算做某事practice doing 练习做某事keep on doing sth. 不断地做某事learn to do sth.学会做某事finish doing sth.做完某事promise

53、to do sth.许诺去做某事help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事remember to do sth.记住做某事agree to do sth.同意做某事love to do sth. 喜爱做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：1)promise to do sth. My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2) promise sb. sth. My aunt promised me a bike.3) promise + that 从句 Tom promises th

54、at he can return on mise n. 允诺， 诺言 make a promiseLily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.2. when 与 while 的区别：when表示“当-时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.When she arrives, I ll call you.while表示“当时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须

55、是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生 ， while 还可以作并列连词，意为“而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.3. practice vt. 练习， 后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。Your elder sister is practicingplaying the guitar in the room.常跟 v-ing 作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.承认推迟没得想：admit, delay/put off, fancy.避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.否认完成能欣赏：deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.不禁介意与逃亡：can t help , mind, escape.不准冒险凭想象：f