人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-5期中复习提纲

1、人教版新目标八年级下册英语unit1-5 复习提纲Unit1 What s the matter询问某人的健康问题以及遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：17s the problem (withsb) / Are you OK/提建议： should do / shouldn t do What s the matter (with sb) / What What s the trouble (with sb) / What Is there anything wrong with sb应该 / 不应该干某事s wrong (with sb) / What happened (to s

2、b)表达身体疼痛或不舒服： sb have / has a fever ( cold, cough, the flu)sb have / has a. ache( headache, toothache, stomachache, backache, an earache)sb have/ has a sore throat (back, arm , foot ,eyes)There is someth ing wrong with one s + 身体部位I don t feel well.( 这里的 well 是形容词，健康的 )Let s + 动词原形 ./ What (How) abo

3、ut doing sth / Why not ( Why don t you ) do动词 +too much : talk too much much too + adj/ adv : much too tiredYou d better do / You d better not do 最好干某事/ 最好不要干某事too much + 不可数名词 :too much homeworktoo many+ 可数名词复数： too many studentshot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶( 这里的 with 是后置定语，修饰tea)get an X-ray 照 X 光 see

4、 a dentist 看牙医 = go to a dentist take one s temperature 量体温put some medicine on it 上药 take breaks= take a break = have a rest休息一下lie down 躺下 go to a doctor 看医生 in the same way 以同样的方式hurt oneself 伤着自己away from ：远离Stay away from fire.远离火A地离 B 地的具体距离 具体的距离 +away from : My home is 500 meters away from m

5、y school.Far from: A地离B地很远 My home is far from my school.(具体多远不知道)lie 动词，躺、位于， 过去式 lay , 过去分词 lain, 现在分词 lying动词，说谎， 过去式 lied, 过去分词 lied, 现在分词 lying名词，谎言 tell a lie = tell lies说谎lay 动词，下蛋，产卵，放置 ，过去式 laid, 过去分词 laid, 现在分词 layingsee sb doing sth 看见某人正在干某事see sb do sth 看见某人干某事的全过程shout for help 大声呼救 sh

6、out at sb 对某人大喊大叫 shout to sb 对某人大声说话without thinking twice 毫不犹豫，不假思索get on 上车 get off 下车（大型交通工具）get into / get out of （ 电梯、出租车等小型交通工具） to one s surprise 另某人吃惊的是expect sb to do sth 期待某人干某事expect sb not to do sth 期待某人不要干某事agree to do sth 同意干某事thanks to 多亏了，幸亏= because of = with the help ofin time 及时

7、on time 按时，准时get into trouble 陷入困境，惹麻烦right away=right now = at once 立即马上fall down 倒塌，跌倒think of 想起，认为 think about 考虑 think about doing sth 考虑干某事think over 仔细考虑 hit sb in / on + 身体部位(软的部位用 in, 硬的部位用 on)run it under water用水冲洗put a bandage on it用绷带包扎Knives are used to cut things.sick& illsick 形容词，

8、可作定语，修饰名词，如： a sick girl ; 也可作表语，如： She is sick.ill 形容词，一般只作表语，不做定语 She is ill. （ ill作定语修饰名词，指坏的 =bad）have trouble （in） doing sth = have problems/difficulty （in） doing sth干某事有麻烦/ 问题 / 困难have trouble with sth= have problems with sth = have difficulty with sth 在某方面有困难be / get used to doing sth 习惯于干某事I

9、 am used to getting up early.我习惯了早起used to do sth 过去常常干某事（暗示现在不干了） I used to get up early. （ 暗示现在不早起）be used to do sth 被用来干某事（ 是由 use sth to do sth 变为被动语态而来）look up 查阅 ，查字典 write down 写下，记下take a risk = take risks 冒险risk 用作动词： risk + n / 代/ doing sthI am willing to risk losing everything.because of

10、+ 名词或名词性短语 because of accidents lose one s life 失去生命in a dangerous situation 在危险的情况下by oneself 独自，亲自free 形容词，自由的，空闲的，免费的： Are you free / The flower is for free.花是免费的动词，解放，使自由 I want to free these birds in cages.run out 用完，耗尽，物作主语, 即 sth run out: My money ran out soon.run out of 用完，耗尽， =use up 人作主语，即

11、sb run out of sth: I ran out of my money soon.use sth to do sth 使用某物来干某事cut off 切断 climb down 爬下be ready to do sth = get ready to do sth准备好干某事be ready for sth = get ready for sth为做好准备with his left arm 用他的左胳膊， with 用 （ 用工具 ） We eat with chopsticks. 我们用筷子吃饭。in用（用语言，声音，材料等） Speak in English,please.call

12、ed = named 被叫做， 名为的 Do you know the girl called / named Nancytell of讲述=talk aboutthe importance of +n/代/doing sth 的重要性the importance of water 水的重要性the importance of reading books读书的重要性make decisions 作决定make decisions to do sth作决定干某事= decide to do sthbe in control of 掌管，管理You should be in control of

13、your own life.be out of control失去控制 the same as 和样die 动词， died 过去式 dying 现在分词，可作形容词，垂死的 dead 形容词，死亡的，death 名词，死亡keep on doing sth 坚持干某事give up 动副短语，代词放中间，用宾格： give it / them up give up doing sth放弃干某事= stop doingsthUnit 2 I ll help to clea n up the city parks.动词短语：1. 动词 护词：look at, listen to, look af

14、ter( to, at, in , after, for, of, from, across,with,through)2. 动词 + 副词： pick up, take out, give away( on, off, up , down, out, away,)代词作宾语，放中间，用宾格。3. 动词 + 名 词 + 介词：take care of , take part in4. 系动词 + 形容词 +iS司：be angry with , be different from5. 动词 + 副词 + 介词：look forward to, catch up withput : put on

15、 穿上，上演 ；put off 推迟，延期 ；put up举起，张贴，搭建； put down放下put out 扑灭，熄灭；put away收起来，收好come: come from 来自； come on 快点，加油； come in 进来； come up with 想出，想起come out 出来，出版，放映； come over过来，顺便来访look: look at 看着 look after 照看，照顾；look out 当心；look like看起来像；look up 查阅look forward to 期待，盼望turn: turn on 打开；turn off 关掉；tur

16、n up 声音调大点；turn down 声音调小点;cut: cut up 切碎； cut down 砍伐 take: take after 相像；take offtake out 拿出，取出clean up 打扫干净；cheer uphelp out 帮助解决难题；work out;cut off 切断； cut into 脱下，起飞； take part in振作起来，使高兴起来；解答出来，计算出，效果好；切成参加；take care of 照顾，照料set up 建立 ；give out = hand out 分发，散发;give away 赠送； grow up 长大 ；try ou

17、t 试验，参加的选拔；dress up 打扮，乔装打扮;打电话 pick up 捡起，开车接某人,make up 编造； give up 放弃 call up=ring upput off doing sth推迟干某事 come up with = think up 想出 put up signs张贝占标语clean-up 名词 清?吉 catch up with 追上，赶上notice: 名词，通知，通告动词，注意到 notice sb do sth注意到某人干某事的全过程notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在干某事each &every:同:each ,every后面

18、加名词异：1. each强调个体，every强调整体；2. each是两个或两个以上中的每一个，every是三个或三个以上的每一个；可以和of连用，every不可以，each of+名词作主语，谓语动词用三单形式。used to do sth过去常常干某事（暗示现在不干了）school. 或 I usedn' t to play basketball school. 或 Used you to play basketball或Yes, I used./ No, I usedn ' t.或 What used you to doafter school.after school.

19、I used to play basketball after school.I didn ' t use to play basketball after Did you use to play basketball after Yes, I did. / No, I didn ' t.What did you use to doused to be 过去是（现在不是了）I used to be a student.(现在不是学生了 ）care for 照顾，照料，用于肯定句 =look after= take care of 非常喜欢，用于否定句 I don ' t

20、 care for green tea.some day有朝一日，用于将来时；one day有一天，用于过去时态或将来时态the other day前几天，用于过去时态lonely& alone : lonely形容词，孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的，有强烈的感情色彩,可作表语，如：I feel lonely.可作定语 ，a lonely island一座孤岛alone 副词，修饰动词，如： live alone 独自生活； 也可以用作形容词，但只能作表语，无感情色彩，强调 独自，一个人，如： I was alone at home.volunteer to do sth 自愿干某事volun

21、teer 作名词，志愿者so &such : so 强调形容词或副词， such 强调名词1. such + a/an+ adj + 可数名词单数： such a clever boy2. such +adj + 不可数名词或可数名词复数: such bad weather / such beautiful flowers1. .so + adj/ adv : so cute / hard2. so+ adj+ a/ an+ 可数名词单数： so clever a boy = such a clever boy3. so+many/ much/ few/ little 当名词前有man

22、y, much, few, little 修饰时，只能用 soa feeling of satisfactionsatisfy 动词 satisfy sbsatisfied 形容词，满意的一种满足感satisfaction 名词，满足，满意；使某人满意My answer didn t satisfy her.be satisfied with 对满意 I am satisfied with your gift.the owner of 的主人Who is the owner of this carat the age of =when sb was years oldI could write

23、 at the age of five. = I could write when I was five years old.try out for 参加 . 的选拔 Fifty boys came to try out for the basketball team.try out 试验 They are trying out a new teaching method.他们正在试验新的教学方法。go on a journey = go on a trip 去旅行 （ journey 指长途旅行， trip 指短途旅行 travel 指长时间，远距离的旅行，尤指出国旅行）at the sam

24、e time 同时 be busy with sth= be busy doing sth忙于干某事打电话的表达： call sb= ring sb= call sb up = ring sb up = give sb a call= phone sbin one ' s free time在某人的空闲时间raise money 筹集资金 raise money for为筹集资金raise 举起 = put up : raise your right hand = put up your right hand 提高Don t raise your voice at me.养育 He r

25、aised a large family.to do 不定式的用法：1. 宾语： want / hope/ decide / wish / like / plan / try / expect to do sth2. 宾语补足语： want / wish / expect / help / ask sb to do sth3. 主语： It takes sb some time to do sth / It s +adj+for sb to do sth / To see is to believe.4. 表语：一般在系动词的后面： To see is to believe.5. 状语：目的状

26、语： I get up early to catch the early bus.原因状语： I m glad to see you.结果状语： He is old enough to go to school.6. 后置定语： The best way to relax is through exercise.fix up 修理，装饰give away 赠送 give in 屈服 set up 建立break 过去式是 broke 过去分词 broken ， broken 也可作形容词，损坏的，残缺的收到某write to sb= write a letter to sb 写信给某人hear

27、 from sb = get/receive a letter from sb人的来信谢谢你干某事thank you for doing sth = thanks for doing sthmake / find / think it +adj for sb to do sth在这个结构中， it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth使干某事对于某人来说是的/发现干某事对于某人来说是的/认为干某事对于某人来说是的I find it difficult for me to learn English well.make a (big/ great) difference to sb/sth

28、对某人或某物产生了(巨大的)影响The accident made a big difference to his life.make no difference to sb/ sth 对某人或某物没有影响It made no difference to me.imagine +n/ 代 / doing sth I can t imagine living without clean water.imagine+ 宾语从句 Imagine that you are in space.difficulty ：具体的概念，困难，难题，难事，可数名词 ，复数 difficulties 抽象的困难，不

29、可数： have difficulty (in) doing stha friend of mine = one of my friends a friend of hers= one of her friendsa friend of my father s = on e of my friendsanswer the telephone 接电话 be excited about对感到激动、兴奋carry 搬，运，提，无方向性bring 带来 take 带走 get / fetch 取(往返过程)形容词+ness=名词kind + ness= kindness, sad+ ness= sad

30、ness, ill + ness=illness , fair+ ness= fairnesshappy+ness= happinesstrain: 名词，火车动词，培训，训练 train sb/sth to do sth训练某人或某物干某事train sb / sth in在方面训练某人 training名词 培训，训练send sb sth = send sth to sb把寄给/送给某人change one s life 改变某人的生活change 作为动词，改变；作名词，意为零钱： Here is your change. 这是你的找钱。be interested in = take

31、an interest in对感兴趣（interest 作为名词，可数，复数 interests ）效果显著擅长 do well in = be good at = be strong in work out fineUnit 3 Could you please clean your room提出礼貌请求的句型： Could you (please) do sth肯定回答： Yes, sure./ Certainly/Of course/No problem / All right / OK等。否定回答： No, I can t./ Sorry, I can t./ I m afraid I

32、 can t 等否定结构是： Could you please not do sth请求对方许可的句型： Could I / we do sth ( 不用 Please) 肯定答： Yes, you can. 否定答： No, you can t.do the dishes 洗碗 sweep the floor 扫地 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 make the bed 整理床铺fold the clothes 叠衣服clean the living room打扫客厅get a ride 搭便车give sb a ride 让某人搭便车stay out late 深夜不归

33、 go out for dinner 外出吃饭take out 拿出，取出 Take out your English books.work on 从事 He is working on a new book. 他正在从事一本新书的写作。finish doing sth 完成干某事any minute now= any moment now= any time now 随时，马上two hours of TV is enough 时间，距离，金钱，度量作主语，常看作一个整体，谓语动词用三单形式如： Twenty years is a long time.mess 名词，杂乱，不整洁，常构成短语

34、： in a mess messy形容词，杂乱的，不整洁的be angry with sb 生某人的气be angry at / about sth 因某事而生气solve the problem 解决问题 answer the question 回答问题come home from school 放学回家come home from work 下班回家throw 扔，掷，动词，过去式是threw throw down 扔下throw at 向扔（有恶意）throw sth to sb = throw sb sth扔给某人某物throw away 扔掉 throw about 到处乱扔Don

35、t throw about rubbish.the minute = the moment= as soon as 一就.，引导时间状语从句，注意"主将从现"I will meet her the minute she gets off the plane.Please call me as soon as you arrive there.as as possible = as as sb can 尽可能. 如： as early as possible尽可能早 as soon as possible尽可能快come over 过来，顺便来访My friend will

36、come over to my house tomorrow.一直，频繁，反复副词，愤怒地walk away 走开take the dog for a walk = walk the dog遛狗 all the timeanger 名词，愤怒angry 形容词，愤怒的 angrilyas +形容词或副词原级 +as 和.一样 not as as / not so as不如，不及English is as important as math.英语和数学一样重要 English is not as important as math.英语不如数学重要neither 两者都不，是both 反义词 ，

37、作为代词，常和介词 of 连用， neither of 后面的名词常为复数，但谓语动词用三单形式（在一些非正式的情况下，也会用复数）Neither of the parents knows English.neither A nor B 既不也不 连接两个名词做主语，就近原则： Neither he nor I am right. 适用就近原则的有： Neither A nor B; either A or B; Not only A but also BBoth A and B 连接两个名词作主语，谓语用复数。neither+ be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主：A不，B也不（前面一种否定情况

38、同样适用于后者） Jane doesn t like English, neither do I . （这里的 neither 可以换成 nor）Jane can t swim, neither can I.（ Nor can I ）so +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主：A，B也（前面一种肯定情况同样适用于后者）Jane likes English, so do I . Jane can swim , so can I.so+主+ be动词/助动词/情态动词：A，A的确如此（前后两个句子讨论同一个人）Jane likes English, so she does. Jane can swim

39、, so she can.in surprise吃惊地，好奇地，惊讶地hang out 闲逛 pass sth to sb = pass sb sth把递给某人把借给某物lend sb sth = lend sth to sb借： borrow 借进，借入 borrow from 从借lend （ 过去式 lent） 借出 lend sth to sb = lend sb sth表示借东西借了多久，用 keep: How long can I keep the book You can keep it for 2 weeks.when &while:when引导时间状语从句，从句的动词

40、通常都是非延续性动词，有时也会用延续性动词，从句的时态通常是 般过去时，一般现在时while引导时间状语从句，从句的动词通常都是延续性动词，从句的时态通常都是进行时或现在时此外，while 还有“而”的含义，表示前后的对比：He likes English while I like math.invite sb to sp邀请某人去某地invite sb to do sth邀请某人去干某事 look through 浏览make sb do sth 使某人干某事（这里的do是不带to的不定式），类似的有：let sb do/have sb dostress 不可数名词，压力 be stress

41、ed out压力太大waste: 名词 a waste of time浪费时间a waste of money浪费金钱动词 Don' t waste paper.形容词， 废弃的Don' t pour waste water into the river.四个“花”人作主语， 常用结构： spend time/ money on sth She spent a lot of money on clothes.spend time/ money (in) doing sth I spent 2 hours doing my homework last night.2. cost

42、物作主语 The book cost me 20yuan.3. pay 付钱，常和 for 连用 She paid 200yuan for this meal.4. take, 常用于 it takes (took) sb some time to do sthIt took me 2 hours to finish my homework last night.get into a college = get into a university上大学 there is no need for sb to do sth某人没有必要干某事It ' s one' s job to

43、do sth干某事是某人的工作It ' s teachers ' job to teach students.It ' s one' s duty to do sth 干某事是某人的职责 It ' s our duty to care for the old vide sth for sb = provide sb with sthThey provided a house for him. = They provided him with a house.anyway 反正 Sam didn' t get the job,

44、but he ' s not unhappy because it didn ' t pay well anyway.无论如何，不管怎样It ' s just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor.in order to +do为了干某事 In order to catch the early bus, he got up at 5:00.in order not to do为了不要干某事In order not be late again, he got up early .in order that+

45、 句子=so that弓 I导目的状语从句He got up early in order that he can catch the bus.It ' s + adj. +for sb. +to do.句中的形容词修饰 to do, 如hard, easy, important等It ' s + adj. +of sb. +to句中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质与特点等,如 kind, nice,do.cleverdepend on 依靠，t赖 You can' t always depend on your parents.取决于 Whether we will go

46、 camping tomorrow depends on the weather.我明天是否去里予营取决于天气。develop 动词，发展，壮大，培养 The small village developed into a famous city.develop children ' s independence 培养孩子们的独立性developed形容词，发达的 developed country 发达国家 developing 形容词，发展中的developing country 发展中国家development 名词 ，发展 The development in our homet

47、own is surprising.fair 形容词，公平的，合理的 fairness 名词，公正性，合理性 unfair 形容词，不公平的 independence名词 独立性 independent形容词，独立的since因为，既然 Since everyone is here, let ' s start now.既然大家都到齐了，我们就出发吧。 自从以来 I have lived here since I was born.自从我出身以来，我一直住在这里。pick up 捡起，开车接某人play a part (role) in (doing) sth参与至U做某事take a

48、n active part in积极参加have no idea=don ' t know 不知道 take care of = look after = care for照顾，照料take good care of = look after - well 好好照顾as a result 结果，因此 fell ill 生病drop-dropped-dropped-dropping 落下，掉下，下降 the grades dropped成绩下降the+比一， the + 比. The earlie r you give up smoking, the better it is for y

49、ou future.Unit 4 Why don ' t you talk to your parents提建议的句型：Why don' t you do sth = Why not do sth Let sb do sth / Let sb not do sthYou could (not) do sthYou should (not) do sthWhat / How about doing sthYou' d better ( not) do sth.Shall we do sthWould you like (not) to do sth提出请求的句型：Coul

50、d you (please) do sth Could you (please) not do sthWould you (please) do sth Would you (please ) not do sthWould you mind doing sth Would youo mind not doing sthWill you allow: 1. allow sb to do sth允许某人去干某事 My father allowed me to watch TV.2. sb be allowed to do sth某人被允许干某事I was allowed to watch TV

51、by my father.3. allow doing sth允许干某事We don' t allow smoking here.get into a fight with sb = have a fight with sb ( fight是名词)和某人争吵，打架fight with sb=fight against sbf fight 是动词，过去式 fought )和某人争吵，打架go to sleep 去睡觉 fall asleep have time to do sth有时间干某事be good at doing sth擅长干某事fight for sth为了而争吵，打架 睡着

52、be good with sb善于和某人相处be good for 对有好处 be good to = be friendly toon the phone 在电话中 on TV 在电视上 on computer 在电月百上 on the Internet 在网上find sb doing sth 发现某人正在干某事I found him playing computer games when I got home.find sb do sth 发现某人干某事的全过程I found a man go into your room.look through 快速查看，浏览say sorry to

53、 sb 向某人道歉 say goodbye to sb 向某人道别say thanks to sb 向某人道谢 say hi/ hello to sb 向某人问好 work out 解决 give back =return 归还 Please give my money back to me. = Please return my money to me.The problem is that I can t get on with my family.(that 引导的是表语从句，和宾语从句一样，需要用陈述句的语序 )This is what I want. / My problem is

54、whether he will come.get on (well,badly) with sb 和某人相处的好 / 坏= get along (well,badly) with sbI get on well with my classmates.get on (well, badly) with sth某事进展的好 / 坏= get along (well, badly) with sthI get on well with my work. 我的工作进展的很顺利communicate with sb 和某人交流、沟通 (名词是 communication )argue with sb 和

55、某人争吵 (名词 argument ) = have an argument with sb argue about sth hang over 悬挂，笼罩 refuse to do sth 拒绝干某事relation 关系 The relation between them is the father and the son.if 可以引导条件状语从句，意为如果，遵循主将从现；也可以引导宾语从句，意为是否，不需要遵循主将从现。I don t know if he will come to my party tomorrow. But if he comes, I ll be very hap

56、py.更老的，更旧的elder 年长的 elder brother older be nice to sb = be friendly to sbinstead 相反，反而，却He didn t go to school, instead he went to the park.instead 代替，后接宾语，必须加介词of, instead of + 名词 /代词 / doingThere is no coffee, let s drink some tea instead (of coffee).It s raining outside. We can t go camping. Let s stay at home instead of going camping.Whatever 可以引导宾语从句 You can eat whatever you like.还可以引导让步状语从句 Whatever happens, don t open the door.be nervous about/ of 对焦虑，紧张offer to do sth 主动提出干某事offer sb sth= offer sth to sb = provide sb with sth= provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物explain to sb 向某人解释 mind